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Maekawa S, Seshimo T, Dazai T, Sato K, Hatakeyama-Sato K, Nabae Y, Hayakawa T. Chemically tailored block copolymers for highly reliable sub-10-nm patterns by directed self-assembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5671. [PMID: 38971785 PMCID: PMC11227500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
While block copolymer (BCP) lithography is theoretically capable of printing features smaller than 10 nm, developing practical BCPs for this purpose remains challenging. Herein, we report the creation of a chemically tailored, highly reliable, and practically applicable block copolymer and sub-10-nm line patterns by directed self-assembly. Polystyrene-block-[poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-random-poly(methyl methacrylate)] (PS-b-(PGMA-r-PMMA) or PS-b-PGM), which is based on PS-b-PMMA with an appropriate amount of introduced PGMA (10-33 mol%) is quantitatively post-functionalized with thiols. The use of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol leads to polymers (PS-b-PGFMs) with Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (χ) that are 3.5-4.6-times higher than that of PS-b-PMMA and well-defined higher-order structures with domain spacings of less than 20 nm. This study leads to the smallest perpendicular lamellar domain size of 12.3 nm. Furthermore, thin-film lamellar domain alignment and vertical orientation are highly reliably and reproducibly obtained by directed self-assembly to yield line patterns that correspond to a 7.6 nm half-pitch size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Maekawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takehiro Seshimo
- Research & Development Department, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, 253-0114, Japan
| | - Takahiro Dazai
- Research & Development Department, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, 253-0114, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Sato
- Research & Development Department, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, 253-0114, Japan
| | - Kan Hatakeyama-Sato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Nabae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
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2
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Putranto AF, Petit-Etienne C, Cavalaglio S, Cabannes-Boué B, Panabiere M, Forcina G, Fleury G, Kogelschatz M, Zelsmann M. Controlled Anisotropic Wetting by Plasma Treatment for Directed Self-Assembly of High-χ Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27841-27849. [PMID: 38758246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a promising next-generation lithography technique for high-resolution patterning. However, achieving lithographically applicable BCP organization such as out-of-plane lamellae requires proper tuning of interfacial energies between the BCP domains and the substrate, which remains difficult to address effectively and efficiently with high-χ BCPs. Here, we present the successful generation of anisotropic wetting by plasma treatment on patterned spin-on-carbon (SOC) substrates and its application to the DSA of a high-χ Si-containing material, poly(1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane)-block-polystyrene (PDMSB-b-PS), with a 9 nm half pitch. Exposing the SOC substrate to different plasma chemistries promotes the vertical alignment of the PDMSB-b-PS lamellae within the trenches. In particular, a patterned substrate treated with HBr/O2 plasma gives both a neutral wetting at the bottom interface and a strong PS-affine wetting at the sidewalls of the SOC trenches to efficiently guide the vertical BCP lamellae. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to HBr/O2 plasma enables an adjustment of the trench width and an increased density of BCP lines on the substrate. Experimental observations are in agreement with a free energy configurational model developed to describe the system. These advances, which could be easily implemented in industry, could contribute to the wider adoption of self-assembly techniques in microelectronics, and beyond to applications such as metasurfaces, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Fajar Putranto
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Petit-Etienne
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Cavalaglio
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marie Panabiere
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gianluca Forcina
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Martin Kogelschatz
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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3
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Lu XY, Zhang RS, Yang GW, Li Q, Li B, Wu GP. Aqueous Developable and CO 2-Sourced Chemical Amplification Photoresist with High Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401850. [PMID: 38706222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Seeking high-performance photoresists is an important item for semiconductor industry due to the continuous miniaturization and intelligentization of integrated circuits. Polymer resin containing carbonate group has many desirable properties, such as high transmittance, acid sensitivity and chemical formulation, thus serving as promising photoresist material. In this work, a series of aqueous developable CO2-sourced polycarbonates (CO2-PCs) were produced via alternating copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides bearing acid-cleavable cyclic acetal groups in the presence of tetranuclear organoborane catalyst. The produced CO2-PCs were investigated as chemical amplification resists in deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography. Under the catalysis of photogenerated acid, the acetal (ketal) groups in CO2-PC were hydrolysed into two equivalents of hydroxyl groups, which change the exposed area from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity, thus enabling the exposed area to be developed with water. Through normalized remaining thickness analysis, the optimal CO2-derived resist achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 1.9 mJ/cm2, a contrast of 7.9, a favorable resolution (750 nm, half pitch), and a good etch resistance (38 % higher than poly(tert-butyl acrylate)). Such performances outperform commercial KrF and ArF chemical amplification resists (i.e., polyhydroxystyrene-derived and polymethacrylate-based resists), which endows broad application prospects in the field of DUV (KrF and ArF) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for nanomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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4
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Bae S, Kim DH, Kim SY. Constructing a Comprehensive Nanopattern Library through Morphological Transitions of Block Copolymer Surface Micelles via Direct Solvent Immersion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311939. [PMID: 38461516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study establishes a comprehensive library of nanopatterns achievable by a single block copolymer (BCP), ranging from spheres to complex structures like split micelles, flower-like clusters, toroids, disordered micelle arrays, and unspecified unique shapes. The ordinary nanostructures of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) surface micelles deposited on a SiOx surface undergo a unique morphology transformation when immersed directly in solvents. Investigating parameters such as immersion solvents, BCP molecular weight, substrate interactions, and temperature, this work reveals the influence of these parameters on the thermodynamics and kinetics governing the morphology transformation. Additionally, the practical application of BCP nanopattern templates for fabricating metal nanostructures through direct solvent immersion of surface micelles is demonstrated. This approach offers an efficient and effective method for producing diverse nanostructures, with the potential to be employed in nanolithography, catalysts, electronics, membranes, plasmonics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wei P, Bhat GA, Darensbourg DJ. Enabling New Approaches: Recent Advances in Processing Aliphatic Polycarbonate-Based Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307507. [PMID: 37534963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonates (aPCs) have become increasingly popular as functional materials due to their biocompatibility and capacity for on-demand degradation. Advances in polymerization techniques and the introduction of new functional monomers have expanded the library of aPCs available, offering a diverse range of chemical compositions and structures. To accommodate the emerging requirements of new applications in biomedical and energy-related fields, various manufacturing techniques have been adopted for processing aPC-based materials. However, a summary of these techniques has yet to be conducted. The aim of this paper is to enrich the toolbox available to researchers, enabling them to select the most suitable technique for their materials. In this paper, a concise review of the recent progress in processing techniques, including controlled self-assembly, electrospinning, additive manufacturing, and other techniques, is presented. We also highlight the specific challenges and opportunities for the sustainable growth of this research area and the successful integration of aPCs in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Wei
- Soft Matter Facility, Texas A&M University, 1313 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Gulzar A Bhat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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6
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Angelopoulou PP, Stathouraki MM, Keum JK, Hong K, Avgeropoulos A, Sakellariou G. Synthesis and morphological characterization of linear and miktoarm star poly(solketal methacrylate)-block-polystyrene copolymers. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Zhu S, Zhao M, Zhou H, Wen Y, Wang Y, Liao Y, Zhou X, Xie X. One-pot synthesis of hyperbranched polymers via visible light regulated switchable catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1622. [PMID: 36959264 PMCID: PMC10036521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Switchable catalysis promises exceptional efficiency in synthesizing polymers with ever-increasing structural complexity. However, current achievements in such attempts are limited to constructing linear block copolymers. Here we report a visible light regulated switchable catalytic system capable of synthesizing hyperbranched polymers in a one-pot/two-stage procedure with commercial glycidyl acrylate (GA) as a heterofunctional monomer. Using (salen)CoIIICl (1) as the catalyst, the ring-opening reaction under a carbon monoxide atmosphere occurs with high regioselectivity (>99% at the methylene position), providing an alkoxycarbonyl cobalt acrylate intermediate (2a) during the first stage. Upon exposure to light, the reaction enters the second stage, wherein 2a serves as a polymerizable initiator for organometallic-mediated radical self-condensing vinyl polymerization (OMR-SCVP). Given the organocobalt chain-end functionality of the resulting hyperbranched poly(glycidyl acrylate) (hb-PGA), a further chain extension process gives access to a core-shell copolymer with brush-on-hyperbranched arm architecture. Notably, the post-modification with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) affords a metal-free hb-PGA that simultaneously improves the toughness and glass transition temperature of epoxy thermosets, while maintaining their storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoji Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfeng Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yonggui Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
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8
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Kim S, Kang W, Jung C, Kim M, Kim KW, Go M, Jeon N, Rho J, Kim JU, Kim JK. WiFi-like Nanostructures from Confinement of Block Copolymer Microdomains in Asymmetric Hemisphere Nanocavity. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Kang
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mooseong Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Woo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Go
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeup U. Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Guo L, Ntetsikas K, Zapsas G, Thankamony R, Lai Z, Hadjichristidis N. Highly Efficient Production of Nanoporous Block Copolymers with Arbitrary Structural Characteristics for Advanced Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212400. [PMID: 36346623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The great significance of boosting the design of percolating nanopore structures in block copolymers (BCPs) for various cases has been widely demonstrated in the past several decades. However, it still remains challenging to prepare the desired porous structures in a rapid, facile, and universal manner. Here we have developed an unconventional and benchtop strategy to rapidly generate the nanoporous polystyrene-based BCPs with arbitrary structural characteristics regardless of the BCP bulk morphology. This universal pore-forming strategy enables the sustainable CO2 -based BCPs to form advanced membranes after 1 s soaking for efficiently rejecting 94.2 % brilliant blue R (826 g mol-1 ). Meanwhile, the water permeance retains around 1020 L (m2 h bar)-1 , which is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of other membranes. This strategy may offer an excellent opportunity to introduce percolating pore structures in those newly developed BCPs with which the previously reported pore-forming methods may not deal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Guo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios Zapsas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roshni Thankamony
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Qu R, Wei Z, Suo H, Gu Y, Wang X, Xin Z, Qin Y.
CO
2
‐based
amphiphilic block copolymers: Facile
one‐step
synthesis and aqueous
self‐assembly. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Hongyi Suo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Yanan Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Zhirong Xin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
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11
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Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Feng H, Dolejsi M, Zhu N, Yim S, Loo W, Ma P, Zhou C, Craig GSW, Chen W, Wan L, Ruiz R, de Pablo JJ, Rowan SJ, Nealey PF. Optimized design of block copolymers with covarying properties for nanolithography. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1426-1433. [PMID: 36357686 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to impart multiple covarying properties into a single material represents a grand challenge in manufacturing. In the design of block copolymers (BCPs) for directed self-assembly and nanolithography, materials often balance orthogonal properties to meet constraints related to processing, structure and defectivity. Although iterative synthesis strategies deliver BCPs with attractive properties, identifying materials with all the required attributes has been difficult. Here we report a high-throughput synthesis and characterization platform for the discovery and optimization of BCPs with A-block-(B-random-C) architectures for lithographic patterning in semiconductor manufacturing. Starting from a parent BCP and using thiol-epoxy 'click' chemistry, we synthesize a library of BCPs that cover a large and complex parameter space. This allows us to readily identify feature-size-dependent BCP chemistries for 8-20-nm-pitch patterns. These blocks have similar surface energies for directed self-assembly, and control over the segregation strength to optimize the structure (favoured at higher segregation strengths) and defectivity (favoured at lower segregation strengths).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Feng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Moshe Dolejsi
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Soonmin Yim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Whitney Loo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peiyuan Ma
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chun Zhou
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gordon S W Craig
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Wan
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Ruiz
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Hallinan DT, Minelli M, Oparaji O, Sardano A, Iyiola O, Garcia AR, Burnett DJ. Effect of Polystyrene Synthesis Method on Water Sorption and Glass Transition. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1059. [PMID: 36363618 PMCID: PMC9692681 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Commodity PS is synthesized via free radical polymerization, whereas PS in block copolymers (BCPs) is typically synthesized via living anionic polymerization. The purpose of this work is to investigate how the synthesis method impacts important properties such as water sorption and glass transition temperature (Tg). Water sorption is important because the performance of nanostructured polymer membranes in various applications is known to be affected by environmental conditions such as humidity. Tg is important because it dictates processing conditions, both for commodity PS as well as BCPs such as thermoplastic elastomers. Water sorption in commercial PS was found to be 0.5 mgwater/gpolymer at the highest humidities investigated (about 80%), in agreement with literature. On the other hand, syndiotactic PS synthesized anionically at low temperature absorbed more water, up to 1.5 mgwater/gpolymer, due to higher free volume. The greatest impact on water sorption was due to addition of hydrophilic hydroxyl chain ends to atactic PS, which resulted in water sorption of up to 2.3 mgwater/gpolymer. In addition to measuring water sorption and dry Tg separately, the impact of relative humidity on PS Tg was examined. Combined differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis show that on going from the dry state to high humidity, the Tg of PS decreases by 5 °C. Moreover, the tensile storage modulus of PS decreases from 1.58 GPa at 0% RH to 0.53 GPa at 40% RH. In addition to the practical relevance of this study, this report fills a gap in experimental literature by using a poor solvent system, PS/water, to examine plasticization in the pure polymer limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Hallinan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University–Florida State University College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Aero-Propulsion, Mechatronics, and Energy (AME) Center, Florida A&M University–Florida State University College of Engineering, 2003 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Matteo Minelli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM)—Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna 40131, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (MAM)—Alma Mater Studiorum, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Onyekachi Oparaji
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University–Florida State University College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Aero-Propulsion, Mechatronics, and Energy (AME) Center, Florida A&M University–Florida State University College of Engineering, 2003 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Andrea Sardano
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (MAM)—Alma Mater Studiorum, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oluwagbenga Iyiola
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University–Florida State University College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Aero-Propulsion, Mechatronics, and Energy (AME) Center, Florida A&M University–Florida State University College of Engineering, 2003 Levy Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Armando R. Garcia
- Surface Measurement Systems, 2125 28th Street SW, Suite 1, Allentown, PA 18103, USA
| | - Daniel J. Burnett
- Surface Measurement Systems, 2125 28th Street SW, Suite 1, Allentown, PA 18103, USA
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14
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Xie R, Zhu XF, Wu GP. Sequence-Reversible Construction of Oxygen-Rich Block Copolymers from Epoxide Mixtures by Organoboron Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19896-19909. [PMID: 36256447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysis, in combination with epoxide-involved ring-opening (co)polymerization, is a powerful technique that can be used to synthesize various oxygen-rich block copolymers. Despite intense research in this field, the sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide congeners has never been realized due to their similar ring-strain which exerts a decisive influence on the reaction process. Recently, quaternary ammonium (or phosphonium)-containing bifunctional organoboron catalysts have been developed by our group, showing high efficiency for various epoxide conversions. Herein, we, for the first time, report an operationally simple pathway to access well-defined polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers from mixtures of epoxides by switchable catalysis, which was enabled through thermodynamically and kinetically preferential ring-opening of terminal epoxides or internal epoxides under different atmospheres (CO2 or N2) using one representative bifunctional organoboron catalyst. This strategy shows a broad substrate scope as it is suitable for various combinations of terminal epoxides and internal epoxides, delivering corresponding well-defined block copolymers. NMR, MALDI-TOF, and gel permeation chromatography analyses confirmed the successful construction of polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations elucidate the reversible selectivity between different epoxides in the presence/absence of CO2. Moreover, by replacing comonomer CO2 with cyclic anhydride, the well-defined polyether-block-polyester copolymers can also be synthesized. This work provides a rare example of sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide mixtures, broadening the arsenal of switchable catalysis that can produce oxygen-rich polymers in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Lai H, Zhang X, Huang G, Liu Y, Li W, Ji S. Directed self-assembly of poly(styrene-b-vinyl acetate) block copolymers on chemical patterns for sub-10 nm nanopatterning via thermal annealing. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Wei P, Bhat GA, Cipriani CE, Mohammad H, Schoonover K, Pentzer EB, Darensbourg DJ. 3D Printed CO
2
‐Based Triblock Copolymers and Post‐Printing Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208355. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Wei
- Soft Matter Facility Texas A&M University 1313 Research Parkway College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - Gulzar A. Bhat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Ciera E. Cipriani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University 3003 TAMU College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Hamza Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Krista Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Emily B. Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University 3003 TAMU College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station, TX 77843 USA
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17
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Wei P, Bhat GA, Cipriani CE, Mohammad H, Schoonover K, Pentzer EB, Darensbourg DJ. 3D Printed CO2‐Based Triblock Copolymers and Post‐Printing Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Wei
- Texas A&M University College Station: Texas A&M University Soft Matter Facility UNITED STATES
| | - Gulzar A. Bhat
- University of Kashmir Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations INDIA
| | - Ciera E. Cipriani
- Texas A&M University College Station: Texas A&M University Department of Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Hamza Mohammad
- Texas A&M University College Station: Texas A&M University Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Krista Schoonover
- Texas A&M University College Station: Texas A&M University Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Emily B. Pentzer
- Texas A&M University College Station: Texas A&M University Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
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18
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Yang GG, Choi HJ, Han KH, Kim JH, Lee CW, Jung EI, Jin HM, Kim SO. Block Copolymer Nanopatterning for Nonsemiconductor Device Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12011-12037. [PMID: 35230079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterning has emerged as a versatile nanoscale fabrication tool for semiconductor devices and other applications, because of its ability to organize well-defined, periodic nanostructures with a critical dimension of 5-100 nm. While the most promising application field of BCP nanopatterning has been semiconductor devices, the versatility of BCPs has also led to enormous interest from a broad spectrum of other application areas. In particular, the intrinsically low cost and straightforward processing of BCP nanopatterning have been widely recognized for their large-area parallel formation of dense nanoscale features, which clearly contrasts that of sophisticated processing steps of the typical photolithographic process, including EUV lithography. In this Review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of BCP nanopatterning for various nonsemiconductor applications. Notable examples relying on BCP nanopatterning, including nanocatalysts, sensors, optics, energy devices, membranes, surface modifications and other emerging applications, are summarized. We further discuss the current limitations of BCP nanopatterning and suggest future research directions to open up new potential application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Gug Yang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyo Han
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Edwin Ino Jung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Jin
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Patil N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Orthogonally grown polycarbonate and polyvinyl block copolymers from mechanistically distinct (co)polymerizations. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistically distinct polymerization systems can afford unique block copolymers that would not be accessible by mere sequential polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganatha Patil
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Ohke M, Matsui J. Rapid Formation of a Lamellar Structure in an Amphiphilic Comb‐Shaped Polymer by Nanophase Separation Using Microwave–Humidity Annealing. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ohke
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University 1‐4‐12 Kojirakawa‐machi Yamagata 990‐8560 Japan
| | - Jun Matsui
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University 1‐4‐12 Kojirakawa‐machi Yamagata 990‐8560 Japan
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21
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Yang GW, Zhang YY, Wu GP. Modular Organoboron Catalysts Enable Transformations with Unprecedented Reactivity. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4434-4448. [PMID: 34806374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusElectron-deficient boron-based catalysts with metal-free but metallomimetic characteristics provide a versatile platform for chemical transformations. However, their catalytic performance is usually lower than that of the corresponding metal-based catalysts. Furthermore, many elaborate organoboron compounds are produced via time-consuming multistep syntheses with low yields, presenting a formidable challenge for large-scale applications of these catalysts. Given this context, the development of organoboron catalysts with the combined advantages of high efficiency and easy preparation is of critical importance.Therefore, we envisioned that the construction of a dynamic Lewis multicore system (DLMCS) by integrating the Lewis acidic boron center(s) and a Lewis basic ammonium salt in one molecule would be particularly efficient for on-demand applications because of the intramolecular synergistic effect. This Account summarizes our recent efforts in developing modular organoboron catalysts with unprecedented activities for several chemical transformations. A series of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranuclear organoboron catalysts was readily designed and prepared in nearly quantitative yields over two steps using commercially available feedstocks. Notably, these catalysts can be modularly tailored by fine control over the electrophilic property of the Lewis acidic boron center(s), electronic and steric effects of the electropositive ammonium cation, linker length between the boron center and the ammonium cation, the number of boron centers, and the nucleophilic anion. This modular design allows systematic manipulation of the reactivity and efficacy of the catalysts, thus optimizing suitable catalysts for versatile chemical transformations. These include the coupling of CO2 and epoxides, copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxides, and ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides.The utilization of mononuclear organoboron catalysts provided a turnover frequency of 11050 h-1 for the CO2/propylene oxide coupling reaction, an unprecedented efficiency of 5.0 kg of polymer/g of catalyst for the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide, and a record-breaking catalytic efficiency of 7.4 kg of polymer/g of catalyst for the ROCOP of epoxides with cyclic anhydrides. A turnover number of 56500 was observed at a catalyst loading of 10 ppm for the ROP of epoxides using the dinuclear catalysts. The tetranuclear organoboron catalysts realized the previously intractable task of the copolymerization of CO2 and epichlorohydrin, producing poly(chloropropylene carbonate) with the highest molecular weight of 36.5 kg/mol reported to date.Furthermore, the study revealed that the interaction between the dynamic Lewis multicore, that is, the intramolecular synergistic effect between the boron center(s) and the quaternary ammonium salt, plays a key role in mediating the catalytic activity and selectivity. This was based on investigations of the crystal structures of the catalysts, key intermediates, reaction kinetics, and density functional theory calculations. The modular tactics for the construction of organoboron catalysts presented in this Account should inspire more advanced catalyst designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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22
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Ding SP, Zhang ZK, Ye Z, Du BY, Xu JT. Fabrication of High χ-Low N Block Copolymers with Thermally Stable Sub-5 nm Microdomains Using Polyzwitterion as a Constituent Block. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1321-1325. [PMID: 35549030 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we used zwitterionic poly(4-vinylpyridine) propane-1-sulfonate (PVPS) as a constituent block to construct high χ-low N block copolymers (BCPs) with different neutral polymers as the other block, including polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA). Lamellar structures with sub-5 nm microdomains were observed in all three types of BCPs. Due to the tendency of self-aggregation induced by electrostatic interaction in polyzwitterion, the Flory-Huggins parameters (χ) between PVPS and most neutral polymers are relatively high, which provides a facile and efficient way to fabricate high χ-low N BCPs. In addition, the dimension of the sub-5 nm structures formed in PVPS-containing BCPs showed high thermal stability with a small fluctuation (±0.1 nm) of domain spacings upon heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze-Kun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin-Yang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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23
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Toth K, Bae S, Osuji CO, Yager KG, Doerk GS. Film Thickness and Composition Effects in Symmetric Ternary Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blend Films: Domain Spacing and Orientation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Toth
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Suwon Bae
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Gregory S. Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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24
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Pinto-Gómez C, Pérez-Murano F, Bausells J, Villanueva LG, Fernández-Regúlez M. Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for the Fabrication of Functional Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2432. [PMID: 33096908 PMCID: PMC7589734 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of block copolymers is a bottom-up approach to nanofabrication that has attracted high interest in recent years due to its inherent simplicity, high throughput, low cost and potential for sub-10 nm resolution. In this paper, we review the main principles of directed self-assembly of block copolymers and give a brief overview of some of the most extended applications. We present a novel fabrication route based on the introduction of directed self-assembly of block copolymers as a patterning option for the fabrication of nanoelectromechanical systems. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the fabrication of suspended silicon membranes clamped by dense arrays of single-crystal silicon nanowires of sub-10 nm diameter. Resulting devices can be further developed for building up high-sensitive mass sensors based on nanomechanical resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pinto-Gómez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Joan Bausells
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Luis Guillermo Villanueva
- Advanced NEMS Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Marta Fernández-Regúlez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.P.-G.); (F.P.-M.); (J.B.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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25
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Ritsema van Eck GC, Veldscholte LB, Nijkamp JHWH, de Beer S. Sorption Characteristics of Polymer Brushes in Equilibrium with Solvent Vapors. Macromolecules 2020; 53:8428-8437. [PMID: 33071358 PMCID: PMC7558291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
While
polymer brushes in contact with liquids have been researched
intensively, the characteristics of brushes in equilibrium with vapors
have been largely unexplored, despite their relevance for many applications,
including sensors and smart adhesives. Here, we use molecular dynamics
simulations to show that solvent and polymer density distributions
for brushes exposed to vapors are qualitatively different from those
of brushes exposed to liquids. Polymer density profiles for vapor-solvated
brushes decay more sharply than for liquid-solvated brushes. Moreover,
adsorption layers of enhanced solvent density are formed at the brush–vapor
interface. Interestingly and despite all of these effects, we find
that solvent sorption in the brush is described rather well with a
simple mean-field Flory–Huggins model that incorporates an
entropic penalty for stretching of the brush polymers, provided that
parameters such as the polymer–solvent interaction parameter,
grafting density, and relative vapor pressure are varied individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido C Ritsema van Eck
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Lars B Veldscholte
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H W H Nijkamp
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
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26
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Jacobberger RM, Thapar V, Wu GP, Chang TH, Saraswat V, Way AJ, Jinkins KR, Ma Z, Nealey PF, Hur SM, Xiong S, Arnold MS. Boundary-directed epitaxy of block copolymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4151. [PMID: 32814775 PMCID: PMC7438520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) enables nanofabrication at sub-10 nm dimensions, beyond the resolution of conventional lithography. However, directing the position, orientation, and long-range lateral order of BCP domains to produce technologically-useful patterns is a challenge. Here, we present a promising approach to direct assembly using spatial boundaries between planar, low-resolution regions on a surface with different composition. Pairs of boundaries are formed at the edges of isolated stripes on a background substrate. Vertical lamellae nucleate at and are pinned by chemical contrast at each stripe/substrate boundary, align parallel to boundaries, selectively propagate from boundaries into stripe interiors (whereas horizontal lamellae form on the background), and register to wide stripes to multiply the feature density. Ordered BCP line arrays with half-pitch of 6.4 nm are demonstrated on stripes >80 nm wide. Boundary-directed epitaxy provides an attractive path towards assembling, creating, and lithographically defining materials on sub-10 nm scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Jacobberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Vikram Thapar
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vivek Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Austin J Way
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Katherine R Jinkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Shisheng Xiong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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27
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Manouras T, Argitis P. High Sensitivity Resists for EUV Lithography: A Review of Material Design Strategies and Performance Results. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1593. [PMID: 32823865 PMCID: PMC7466712 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need for decreasing semiconductor device critical dimensions at feature sizes below the 20 nm resolution limit has led the semiconductor industry to adopt extreme ultra violet (EUV) lithography with exposure at 13.5 nm as the main next generation lithographic technology. The broad consensus on this direction has triggered a dramatic increase of interest on resist materials of high sensitivity especially designed for use in the EUV spectral region in order to meet the strict requirements needed for overcoming the source brightness issues and securing the cost efficiency of the technology. To this direction both fundamental studies on the radiation induced chemistry in this spectral area and a plethora of new ideas targeting at the design of new highly sensitive and top performing resists have been proposed. Besides the traditional areas of acid-catalyzed chemically amplified resists and the resists based on polymer backbone breaking new unconventional ideas have been proposed based on the insertion of metal compounds or compounds of other highly absorbing at EUV atoms in the resist formulations. These last developments are reviewed here. Since the effort targets to a new understanding of electron-induced chemical reactions that dominate the resist performance in this region these last developments may lead to unprecedented changes in lithographic technology but can also strongly affect other scientific areas where electron-induced chemistry plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Manouras
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Meng Z, Li G, Yiu S, Zhu N, Yu Z, Leung C, Manners I, Wong W. Nanoimprint Lithography‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Bimetallic Iron–M (M=Palladium, Platinum) Complexes for Magnetic Patterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengong Meng
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative Shenzhen University Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Guijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Sze‐Chun Yiu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
- PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Nianyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Qiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative Shenzhen University Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
- PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
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Meng Z, Li G, Yiu SC, Zhu N, Yu ZQ, Leung CW, Manners I, Wong WY. Nanoimprint Lithography-Directed Self-Assembly of Bimetallic Iron-M (M=Palladium, Platinum) Complexes for Magnetic Patterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11521-11526. [PMID: 32243037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of d8 metal polypyridine systems is a well-established approach for the creation of 1D organometallic assemblies but there are still challenges for the large-scale construction of nanostructured patterns from these building blocks. We describe herein the use of high-throughput nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to direct the self-assembly of the bimetallic complexes [4'-ferrocenyl-(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)M(OAc)]+ (OAc)- (M=Pd or Pt; OAc=acetate). Uniform nanorods are fabricated from the molecular self-organization and evidenced by morphological characterization. More importantly, when top-down NIL is coupled with the bottom-up self-assembly of the organometallic building blocks, regular arrays of nanorods can be accessed and the patterns can be controlled by changing the lithographic stamp, where the mold imposes a confinement effect on the nanorod growth. In addition, patterns consisting of the products formed after pyrolysis are studied. The resulting arrays of ferromagnetic FeM alloy nanorods suggest promising potential for the scalable production of ordered magnetic arrays and fabrication of magnetic bit-patterned media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sze-Chun Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Nianyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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31
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Qu T, Guan S, Zheng X, Chen A. Perpendicularly aligned nanodomains on versatile substrates via rapid thermal annealing assisted by liquid crystalline ordering in block copolymer films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1523-1530. [PMID: 36132323 PMCID: PMC9418532 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The highly ordered perpendicularly aligned cylindrical and lamellar microdomains within block copolymer (BCP) films have important applications in diverse fields. However, the fast normal orientation of self-assembled nanostructures on arbitrary substrates without tedious pre- and postprocessing has been a challenging issue in manufacturing miniaturized devices. Here, we outline the potential for extending the hierarchical self-assembly within azobenzene-containing PS-b-PMA(Az) films to inherently assist in the formation of normally aligned domains using a rapid thermal annealing process (140 °C for 5 min). Liquid crystalline (LC) mesogens in PS-b-PMA(Az) films self-assemble to form a parallelly aligned sematic phase after thermal annealing, as confirmed by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra. This sub-phase contributes to broadening of the PS-cylinder-phase window (0.083 ≤ f PS < 0.49) and ∼12 nm PS cylinder structures. Perpendicular cylinders or lamellae are observed on various substrates, such as silicon wafers, flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets and conductive aluminum foils. Additionally, the good reactive ion etching (RIE) rate difference between the two blocks makes these BCPs more attractive for advancing the field of BCP lithographic applications for fabricating flexible microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Song Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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32
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Guo T, Wang Y, Qiao Y, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Ren L. Thermal property of photonic crystals (PCs) prepared by solvent annealing self-assembly of bottlebrush PS-b-PtBA. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang HS, Oh S, Choi J, Jang W, Kim KH, Arellano CL, Huh J, Bang J, Im SG. High-Fidelity, Sub-5 nm Patterns from High-χ Block Copolymer Films with Vapor-Deposited Ultrathin, Cross-Linked Surface-Modification Layers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900514. [PMID: 31958190 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite their capability, sub-10 nm periodic nano-patterns formed by strongly segregating block copolymer (BCP) thin films cannot be easily oriented perpendicular to the substrate due to the huge surface energy differences of the constituent blocks. To produce perpendicular nano-patterns, the interfacial energies of both the substrate and free interfaces should be controlled precisely to induce non-preferential wetting. Unfortunately, high-performance surface modification layers are challenging to design, and different kinds of surface modification methods must be devised respectively for each neutral layer and top coat. Furthermore, conventional approaches, largely based on spin-coating processes, are highly prone to defect formation and may readily cause dewetting at sub-10 nm thickness. To date, these obstacles have hampered the development of high-fidelity, sub-5 nm BCP patterns. Herein, an all-vapor phase deposition approach initiated chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated to form 9-nm-thick, uniform neutral bottom layer and top coat with exquisite control of composition and thickness. These layers are employed in BCP films to produce perpendicular cylinders with a diameter of ≈4 nm that propagate throughout a BCP thickness of up to ≈60 nm, corresponding to five natural domain spacings of the BCP. Such a robust approach will serve as an advancement for the reliable generation of sub-10 nm nano-patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seula Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontae Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlos Luis Arellano
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Tang Z, Li D, Lin J, Zhang L, Cai C, Yao Y, Yang C, Tian X. Self-assembly of rod-coil block copolymers on a substrate into micrometer-scale ordered stripe nanopatterns. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micrometer-scale ordered stripe nanopatterns are readily constructed through an adsorption-assembly of rod-coil block copolymers on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Da Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201204
- China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
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Li D, Zhou C, Xiong S, Qu XP, Craig GSW, Nealey PF. Enhanced microphase separation of thin films of low molecular weight block copolymer by the addition of an ionic liquid. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9991-9996. [PMID: 31755518 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of a selective, non-volatile ionic liquid (IL) to enhance the self-assembly via solvent annealing of a low molecular weight block copolymer (BCP) of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) suitable for generating sub-10 nm features. Diblock and triblock copolymers of different molecular weights of styrene and 2VP are individually blended with the IL and then solvent annealed in acetone, a non-preferential solvent for the BCPs. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that the IL selectively resides in the 2VP block of the BCP, resulting in a decrease of the block's Tg and an increase of the effective Flory-Huggins parameter (χeff) of the BCP. The influence of the IL on the non-preferential window of a random copolymer brush used to treat the substrate for self-assembly of the BCPs is also analyzed. Well-defined lamellar patterns form when the optimal weight ratio of IL (∼1%) is added to the BCPs. A detailed analysis of the orientational correlation length and pitch size of the BCPs quantitatively shows that the addition of the IL enhanced the microphase separation of the low molecular weight version of the BCP. Subsequent treatment of the self-assembled BCP with sequential infiltration synthesis yields sub-10 nm AlOx lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Li
- State Key Lab of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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36
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Azoulay R, Shomrat N, Weisbord I, Atiya G, Segal-Peretz T. Metal Oxide Heterostructure Array via Spatially Controlled-Growth within Block Copolymer Templates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904657. [PMID: 31651079 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication is continuously searching for new methodologies to fabricate 3D nanostructures with 3D control over their chemical composition. A new approach for heterostructure nanorod array fabrication through spatially controlled-growth of multiple metal oxides within block copolymer (BCP) templates is presented. Selective growth of metal oxides within the cylindrical polymer domains of polystyrene-block-poly methyl methacrylate is performed using sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). Tuning the diffusion of trimethyl aluminum and diethyl zinc organometallic precursors in the BCP film directs the growth of AlOx and ZnO to different locations within the cylindrical BCP domains, in a single SIS process. BCP removal yields an AlOx -ZnO heterostructure nanorods array, as corroborated by 3D characterization with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography and a combination of STEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy tomography. The strategy presented here will open up new routes for complex 3D nanostructure fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Azoulay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Neta Shomrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Inbal Weisbord
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Galit Atiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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37
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Choi C, Go M, Park SY, Kang S, Seo Y, Lee J, Kim JK. Dual Nanopatterns Consisting of Both Nanodots and Nanoholes on a Single Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44636-44641. [PMID: 31692321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) with various nanostructures such as spheres, cylinders, gyroid, and lamellae, have received great attention for their application in nanolithography through nanopattern transfer to substrates. However, the fabrication of diverse geometries, shapes and sizes of nanostructure on a single substrate at the desired position could not be achieved because the nanostructure based on BCPs is mainly determined by the volume fraction of one block. Here, we synthesize polystyrene-hv-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer (PS-hv-PMMA), which contains a photocleavable linker at the junction point between PS and PMMA blocks. After vertically oriented PMMA cylindrical nanodomains in a thin film on a substrate were obtained, dual nanopatterns composed of high-density array of nanodots and nanoholes were successfully fabricated at the desired area on a single substrate using selective irradiation with a mask. The dual nanopatterns could be used to prepare metal (or metal oxide) nanostructure arrays consisting of both nanodots and nanoholes, which are utilized for smart sensors capable of simultaneously detecting two independent molecules on nanodots and nanoholes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Center for Smart Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Departments of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Go
- National Creative Research Center for Smart Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Departments of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Center for Smart Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Departments of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Sukwon Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Smart Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Departments of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Yeseong Seo
- National Creative Research Center for Smart Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Departments of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Smart Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Departments of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Smart Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Departments of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
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38
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Chen X, Delgadillo PR, Jiang Z, Craig GSW, Gronheid R, Nealey PF. Defect Annihilation in the Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers in Films with Increasing Thickness. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Chen
- Intel Corporation, 2501 NE Century Boulevard, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paulina R. Delgadillo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gordon S. W. Craig
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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39
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Wang M, Niu Y, Ma H, Wang Z, Li H. Fabrication of Carbon Dioxide‐based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Drug delivery. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyQingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Yongsheng Niu
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyQingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Huixin Ma
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyQingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Zhenglei Wang
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyQingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Hongchun Li
- College of Chemistry & PharmacyQingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 PR China
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40
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xue Z, Wang X, Xie X, Poli R. Oxygen‐Triggered Switchable Polymerization for the One‐Pot Synthesis of CO
2
‐Based Block Copolymers from Monomer Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) Université de Toulouse UPS, INPT 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France
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41
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xue Z, Wang X, Xie X, Poli R. Oxygen-Triggered Switchable Polymerization for the One-Pot Synthesis of CO 2 -Based Block Copolymers from Monomer Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14311-14318. [PMID: 31282122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Switchable polymerization provides the opportunity to regulate polymer sequence and structure in a one-pot process from mixtures of monomers. Herein we report the use of O2 as an external stimulus to switch the polymerization mechanism from the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers mediated by (Salen)CoIII -R [Salen=N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine; R=alkyl] to the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO2 /epoxides. Critical to this process is unprecedented monooxygen insertion into the Co-C bond, as rationalized by DFT calculations, leading to the formation of (Salen)CoIII -O-R as an active species to initiate ROCOP. Diblock poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polycarbonate could be obtained by ROCOP of CO2 /epoxides with preactivation of (Salen)Co end-capped poly(vinyl acetate). Furthermore, a poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(methyl acrylate)-b-polycarbonate triblock copolymer was successfully synthesized by a (Salen)cobalt-mediated sequential polymerization with an O2 -triggered switch in a one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
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42
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Jiang Z, Alam MM, Cheng HH, Blakey I, Whittaker AK. Spatial arrangement of block copolymer nanopatterns using a photoactive homopolymer substrate. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3078-3085. [PMID: 36133582 PMCID: PMC9418028 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00095j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spatial control of the orientation of block copolymers (BCPs) in thin films offers enormous opportunities for practical nanolithography applications. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a substrate comprised of poly(4-acetoxystyrene) to spatially control interfacial interactions and block copolymer orientation over different length scales. Upon UV irradiation poly(4-acetoxystyrene) undergoes a photo-Fries rearrangement yielding phenolic groups available for further functionalization. The wetting behaviour of PS-b-PMMA deposited on the poly(4-acetoxystyrene) films could be precisely controlled through controlling the UV irradiation dose. After exposure, and a mild post-exposure treatment, the substrate switches from asymmetric, to neutral and then to symmetric wetting. Upon exposure through photomasks, a range of high fidelity micro-patterns consisting of perpendicularly oriented lamellar microdomains were generated. Furthermore, the resolution of chemically patterned poly(4-acetoxystyrene) substrate could be further narrowed to submicrometer scale using electron beam lithography. When the BCP was annealed on an e-beam modified poly(4-acetoxystyrene) surface, the interface between domains of parallel and perpendicular orientation of the BCPs was well defined, especially when compared with the substrates patterned using the photomask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Md Mahbub Alam
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Han-Hao Cheng
- Australian National Fabrication Facility-QLD Node, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
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43
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Wan L, Ruiz R. Path to Move Beyond the Resolution Limit with Directed Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20333-20340. [PMID: 31074615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) has long been viewed as a powerful alternative to extend the resolution of optical lithography. For full-area patterning applications, despite significant progress, the two most prominent DSA methods (chemoepitaxy and graphoepitaxy) are facing a scalability challenge: the critical dimension (CD) of the guiding patterns will need to be continuously scaled down to closely match the dimension of the BCP microdomain, a task that not only contravenes some of the resolution gains achieved by density multiplication but that will also become particularly difficult below 10 nm. To avoid this conundrum, we propose here a synergistic integration of graphoepitaxy and chemoepitaxy through self-registered self-assembly (SRSA) to enable the simultaneous realization of feature density multiplication and CD shrinkage resolution gains. We report nearly perfect DSA on prepatterns with high density multiplication factors and CD of several multiples of the BCP microdomain size. A prepattern consisting of alternating stripes of a relatively thicker neutral mat and a thinner neutral brush with preferential wetting sidewalls serves as a topographic pattern to guide an ultrathin BCP blend film inside the trenches. As the oriented BCP pattern assembles, the blend film deploys a layer of chemical markers on the bottom surface through SRSA generating 1:1 chemical contrast patterns inside the trenches. After thorough removal of the blend film, the newly formed self-registered chemical patterns interpolated by the remaining neutral mat strips serve as the guiding patterns for a second chemoepitaxial DSA step to achieve full-area, defect-free DSA of thick BCP films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wan
- Western Digital Company, WDC Research , 5601 Great Oaks Parkway , San Jose , California 95119 , United States
| | - Ricardo Ruiz
- Western Digital Company, WDC Research , 5601 Great Oaks Parkway , San Jose , California 95119 , United States
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Yoshimura Y, Chandra A, Nabae Y, Hayakawa T. Chemically tailored high-χ block copolymers for perpendicular lamellae via thermal annealing. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3497-3506. [PMID: 30855615 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A chemically tailored high-χ block copolymer (BCP), polystyrene-block-poly[2-hydroxy-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl)propyl methacrylate] (PS-b-PHFMA), was designed to incorporate tailored surface affinities and chemical incompatibilities for engineering perpendicular lamellae using thermal annealing. PS-b-PHFMA was synthesized via the sequential anionic polymerization of styrene and glycidyl methacrylate and the post-polymerization functionalization of the glycidyl moieties with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol. The bulk studies revealed lamellae with a minimum domain spacing of 9.6 nm and a large effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χeff) of 0.191 at 25 °C. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed perpendicular lamellae of the PS-b-PHFMA prepared on thermally-annealed thin films. The introduction of hydrophobic trifluoroethyl moieties onto the hydrophilic glycidyl moieties successfully balanced the surface affinity of the PHFMA block relative to PS, while simultaneously increasing the strength of segregation. Thus, χeff of the chemically tailored BCP increased, and a perpendicular orientation was facilitated on the thin films using thermal annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Yoshimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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45
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Wang C, Li X, Deng H. Synthesis of a Fluoromethacrylate Hydroxystyrene Block Copolymer Capable of Rapidly Forming Sub-5 nm Domains at Low Temperatures. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:368-373. [PMID: 35651139 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(pentadecafluorooctyl methacrylate)-block-polyhydroxystyrene (PPDFMA-b-PHS) block copolymers (BCPs) were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization and subsequent deprotection. Because of the high incompatibility between hydroxyl groups and fluoro groups, the interaction parameter (χ) of these BCPs, determined by temperature-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), was extremely high. The χ value of PPDFMA-b-PHS was 0.48 at 150 °C, 16× larger than the χ of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate). The microphase behavior of PPDFMA-b-PHS with various volume fractions of PHS block was determined by SAXS, yielding ordered lamellar morphologies with different sizes of domain spacing (d), and further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The minimum d obtained was 9.8 nm annealed at a mild temperature for a short time (80 °C for 1 min) by SAXS analysis, indicating the width of each lamellar domains was <5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuemiao Li
- Department of Macromolecular Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of Macromolecular Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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46
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Pang Y, Jin X, Huang G, Wan L, Ji S. Directed Self-Assembly of Styrene-Methyl Acrylate Block Copolymers with Sub-7 nm Features via Thermal Annealing. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaosa Jin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guangcheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lei Wan
- HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, 5601 Great Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Shengxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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47
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Zhang B, Liu W, Meng L, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Wu X, Dai J, Mao G, Wei Y. Study of the perpendicular self-assembly of a novel high- χ block copolymer without any neutral layer on a silicon substrate. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3828-3837. [PMID: 35518108 PMCID: PMC9060441 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel type of high-χ block copolymer, polystyrene-block-polycarbonate (PS-b-PC), which contains an active –NH– group on the polymer backbone between the PS block and the PC block, has been successfully synthesized. Vertical micro-phase separation can be successfully achieved on Si substrates with neutral-layer-free materials with a pitch of 16.8 nm. Water contact angle experiments indicate that PS and PC have approximate surface energy values on Si substrates. A hydrogen bond mechanism has been proposed for the formation of a periodic and lamella-forming phase separation structure, with the domains oriented perpendicular to the substrate. A combination of both theory and experimental verification proves that the hydrogen bonding plays a dominant role as a real driving force to promote vertical micro-phase separation in the absence of a neutral layer. Subsequently, the study of a novel block copolymer on four different types of substrate without any neutral layer further confirms that the newly synthesized material enables greater flexibility and potential applications for the fabrication of various nanostructures and functional electronic devices in a simple, cost-effective and efficient way, which is of considerable importance to contemporary and emerging technology applications. A novel type of high-χ block copolymer, polystyrene-block-polycarbonate (PS-b-PC), which contains an active –NH– group on the polymer backbone between the PS block and the PC block, has been successfully synthesized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Zhang
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China.,Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center (ICAC), Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IME CAS) Beijing 100029 P. R. China +86-10-82995684 +86-10-82995898
| | - Weichen Liu
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center (ICAC), Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IME CAS) Beijing 100029 P. R. China +86-10-82995684 +86-10-82995898
| | - Lingkuan Meng
- The Integrated Circuit Materials & Components Industry Technology Innovative Alliance 27 Zhichun Road, Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China +86-10-82357517.,School of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu Technological University Chengdu 611730 P. R. China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center (ICAC), Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IME CAS) Beijing 100029 P. R. China +86-10-82995684 +86-10-82995898
| | - Xing Wu
- Jiangsu HanTop Photo-Materials Co., Ltd Floor 4-5, Buliding No. 9, No. 1158 Zhongxin Rd Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Junyan Dai
- Jiangsu HanTop Photo-Materials Co., Ltd Floor 4-5, Buliding No. 9, No. 1158 Zhongxin Rd Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Guoping Mao
- Jiangsu HanTop Photo-Materials Co., Ltd Floor 4-5, Buliding No. 9, No. 1158 Zhongxin Rd Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yayi Wei
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center (ICAC), Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IME CAS) Beijing 100029 P. R. China +86-10-82995684 +86-10-82995898
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48
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Zhao JK, Yang GW, Zhu XF, Wu GP. Highly elastic and degradable thermoset elastomers from CO 2-based polycarbonates and bioderived polyesters. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first example of CO2-based thermoset elastomers (CO2Es) on the basis of two sustainable and degradable polymers, rigid CO2-based polycarbonates and soft polyesters, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kai Zhao
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
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49
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Chambers LC, Huang Y, Jack KS, Blakey I. Spatial control of the topography of photo-sensitive block copolymer thin films. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatially controlling self-assembly of block copolymer thin films through photoinduced molecular interactions that significantly impact on the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. Chambers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Yun Huang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Kevin S. Jack
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis
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50
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Wang HS, Kim KH, Bang J. Thermal Approaches to Perpendicular Block Copolymer Microdomains in Thin Films: A Review and Appraisal. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800728. [PMID: 30500096 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer thin films are highly versatile and accessible materials capable of producing nanofeatures in the size regime of a few to hundreds of nanometers by a simple spin-coating-and-anneal process. Unfortunately, this simple protocol usually leads to parallel microdomains, which limits the applicability of such nanofeatures. A great deal of effort has been put into achieving perpendicular microdomains, but those that incorporate thermal annealing are arguably the most practical and reproducible in the lab and industry. This review discusses the recent ongoing efforts on various thermal approaches to achieving perpendicular microdomains in order to provide the readers with a toolbox to work with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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