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Kim H, Kim C, Jung Y, Kim N, Son J, Lee GH. In-plane anisotropic two-dimensional materials for twistronics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:262501. [PMID: 38387091 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2c53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit in-plane orientation-dependent properties. The anisotropic unit cell causes these materials to show lower symmetry but more diverse physical properties than in-plane isotropic 2D materials. In addition, the artificial stacking of in-plane anisotropic 2D materials can generate new phenomena that cannot be achieved in in-plane isotropic 2D materials. In this perspective we provide an overview of representative in-plane anisotropic 2D materials and their properties, such as black phosphorus, group IV monochalcogenides, group VI transition metal dichalcogenides with 1T' and Tdphases, and rhenium dichalcogenides. In addition, we discuss recent theoretical and experimental investigations of twistronics using in-plane anisotropic 2D materials. Both in-plane anisotropic 2D materials and their twistronics hold considerable potential for advancing the field of 2D materials, particularly in the context of orientation-dependent optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyel Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changheon Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Namwon Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States of America
- Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States of America
| | - Jangyup Son
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54895, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School University of Science and Technology(UST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Dai B, Su Y, Guo Y, Wu C, Xie Y. Recent Strategies for the Synthesis of Phase-Pure Ultrathin 1T/1T' Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets. Chem Rev 2024; 124:420-454. [PMID: 38146851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a notable increase in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) related research not only because of the large family of TMD candidates but also because of the various polytypes that arise from the monolayer configuration and layer stacking order. The peculiar physicochemical properties of TMD nanosheets enable an enormous range of applications from fundamental science to industrial technologies based on the preparation of high-quality TMDs. For polymorphic TMDs, the 1T/1T' phase is particularly intriguing because of the enriched density of states, and thus facilitates fruitful chemistry. Herein, we comprehensively discuss the most recent strategies for direct synthesis of phase-pure 1T/1T' TMD nanosheets such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, wet chemical synthesis, atomic layer deposition, and more. We also review frequently adopted methods for phase engineering in TMD nanosheets ranging from chemical doping and alloying, to charge injection, and irradiation with optical or charged particle beams. Prior to the synthesis methods, we discuss the configuration of TMDs as well as the characterization tools mostly used in experiments. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and opportunities as well as emphasize the promising fields for the future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohu Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yueqi Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuqiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Zheng XY, Li HY, Shi BY, Cao HX, Liu Y, Yin HT. Study on interface engineering and chemical bonding of the ReS 2@ZnO heterointerface for efficient charge transfer and nonlinear optical conversion efficiency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3008-3019. [PMID: 38179673 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04775j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Rhenium sulfide (ReS2) has emerged as a promising two-dimensional material, demonstrating broad-spectrum visible absorption properties that make it highly relevant for diverse optoelectronic applications. Manipulating and optimizing the pathway of photogenerated carriers play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency of charge separation and transfer in novel semiconductor composites. This study focuses on the strategic construction of a semiconductor heterostructure by synthesizing ZnO on vacancy-containing ReS2 (VRe-ReS2) through chemical bonding processes. The ingeniously engineered built-in electric field within the heterostructure effectively suppresses the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. A direct and well-established interfacial connection between VRe-ReS2 and ZnO is achieved through a robust Zn-S bond. This distinctive bond configuration leads to enhanced nonlinear optical conversion efficiency, attributed to shortened carrier migration distances and accelerated charge transfer rates. Furthermore, theoretical calculations unveil the superior chemical interactions between Re vacancies and sulfide moieties, facilitating the formation of Zn-S bonds. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity is increased by the formation of VRe-ReS2 and ZnO heterostructure and the PL quantum yield of VRe-ReS2 is improved. The intricate impact of the Zn-S bond on the nonlinear absorption behavior of the VRe-ReS2@ZnO heterostructure is systematically investigated using femtosecond Z-scan techniques. The charge transfer from ZnO to ReS2 defect levels induces a transition from saturable absorption to reverse saturable absorption in the VRe-ReS2@ZnO heterostructure. Transient absorption measurements further confirm the presence of the Zn-S bond between the interfaces, as evidenced by the prolonged relaxation time (τ3) in the VRe-ReS2@ZnO heterostructure. This study offers valuable insights into the rational construction of heterojunctions through tailored interfacial bonding and surface/interface charge transfer pathways. These endeavors facilitate the modulation of electron transfer dynamics, ultimately yielding superior nonlinear optical conversion efficiency and effective charge regulation in optoelectronic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photonic and electric Bandgap materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photonic and electric Bandgap materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Bing-Yin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photonic and electric Bandgap materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Hong-Xu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Photonic and electric Bandgap materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic and electric Bandgap materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Photonic and electric Bandgap materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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4
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Jiménez-Galán Á, Bossaer C, Ernotte G, Parks AM, Silva REF, Villeneuve DM, Staudte A, Brabec T, Luican-Mayer A, Vampa G. Orbital perspective on high-harmonic generation from solids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8421. [PMID: 38110439 PMCID: PMC10728088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-harmonic generation in solids allows probing and controlling electron dynamics in crystals on few femtosecond timescales, paving the way to lightwave electronics. In the spatial domain, recent advances in the real-space interpretation of high-harmonic emission in solids allows imaging the field-free, static, potential of the valence electrons with picometer resolution. The combination of such extreme spatial and temporal resolutions to measure and control strong-field dynamics in solids at the atomic scale is poised to unlock a new frontier of lightwave electronics. Here, we report a strong intensity-dependent anisotropy in the high-harmonic generation from ReS2 that we attribute to angle-dependent interference of currents from the different atoms in the unit cell. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the laser parameters control the relative contribution of these atoms to the high-harmonic emission. Our findings provide an unprecedented atomic perspective on strong-field dynamics in crystals, revealing key factors to consider in the route towards developing efficient harmonic emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Jiménez-Galán
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born Strasse 2A, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chandler Bossaer
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Guilmot Ernotte
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andrew M Parks
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rui E F Silva
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M Villeneuve
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Thomas Brabec
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adina Luican-Mayer
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Giulio Vampa
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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5
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Yang R, Fan Y, Hu J, Chen Z, Shin HS, Voiry D, Wang Q, Lu Q, Yu JC, Zeng Z. Photocatalysis with atomically thin sheets. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7687-7706. [PMID: 37877319 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin sheets (e.g., graphene and monolayer molybdenum disulfide) are ideal optical and reaction platforms. They provide opportunities for deciphering some important and often elusive photocatalytic phenomena related to electronic band structures and photo-charges. In parallel, in such thin sheets, fine tuning of photocatalytic properties can be achieved. These include atomic-level regulation of electronic band structures and atomic-level steering of charge separation and transfer. Herein, we review the physics and chemistry of electronic band structures and photo-charges, as well as their state-of-the-art characterization techniques, before delving into their atomic-level deciphering and mastery on the platform of atomically thin sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 612022, South Korea
| | - Damien Voiry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Qian Wang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jimmy C Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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6
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van der Laan M, Heemskerk E, Kienhuis F, Diepeveen N, Poonia D, Kinge S, Dang MT, Dinh VA, Siebbeles LDA, Isaeva A, van de Groep J, Schall P. Stacking-Order-Dependent Excitonic Properties Reveal Interlayer Interactions in Bulk ReS 2. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3115-3123. [PMID: 37743944 PMCID: PMC10515696 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium disulfide, a member of the transition metal dichalcogenide family of semiconducting materials, is unique among 2D van der Waals materials due to its anisotropy and, albeit weak, interlayer interactions, confining excitons within single atomic layers and leading to monolayer-like excitonic properties even in bulk crystals. While recent work has established the existence of two stacking modes in bulk, AA and AB, the influence of the different interlayer coupling on the excitonic properties has been poorly explored. Here, we use polarization-dependent optical measurements to elucidate the nature of excitons in AA and AB-stacked rhenium disulfide to obtain insight into the effect of interlayer interactions. We combine polarization-dependent Raman with low-temperature photoluminescence and reflection spectroscopy to show that, while the similar polarization dependence of both stacking orders indicates similar excitonic alignments within the crystal planes, differences in peak width, position, and degree of anisotropy reveal a different degree of interlayer coupling. DFT calculations confirm the very similar band structure of the two stacking orders while revealing a change of the spin-split states at the top of the valence band to possibly underlie their different exciton binding energies. These results suggest that the excitonic properties are largely determined by in-plane interactions, however, strongly modified by the interlayer coupling. These modifications are stronger than those in other 2D semiconductors, making ReS2 an excellent platform for investigating stacking as a tuning parameter for 2D materials. Furthermore, the optical anisotropy makes this material an interesting candidate for polarization-sensitive applications such as photodetectors and polarimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco van der Laan
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Heemskerk
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Kienhuis
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nella Diepeveen
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deepika Poonia
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sachin Kinge
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Materials
Research & Development, Toyota Motor
Europe, B1930 Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Minh Triet Dang
- School
of Education, Can Tho University, 3-2 Road, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam
| | - Van An Dinh
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Isaeva
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leibniz
IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr.
20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schall
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Ghosh S, Zhang J, Wasala M, Patil P, Pradhan N, Talapatra S. Probing the Electronic and Opto-Electronic Properties of Multilayer MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistors at Low Temperatures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2333. [PMID: 37630917 PMCID: PMC10459643 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are being investigated vigorously for their promising applications in optoelectronics. Despite the high optical response reported in the literature, most of them are studied at room temperature. To extend the application of these materials in a photodetector, particularly at a low temperature, detailed understanding of the photo response behavior of these materials at low temperatures is crucial. Here we present a systematic investigation of temperature-dependent electronic and optoelectronic properties of few-layers MoS2 FETs, synthesized using the mechanical exfoliation of bulk MoS2 crystal, on the Si/SiO2 substrate. Our MoS2 FET show a room-temperature field-effect mobility μFE ~40 cm2·V-1·s-1, which increases with decreasing temperature, stabilizing at 80 cm2·V-1·s-1 below 100 K. The temperature-dependent (50 K < T < 300 K) photoconductivity measurements were investigated using a continuous laser source λ = 658 nm (E = 1.88 eV) over a broad range of effective illuminating laser intensity, Peff (0.02 μW < Peff < 0.6 μW). Photoconductivity measurements indicate a fractional power dependence of the steady-state photocurrent. The room-temperature photoresponsivity (R) obtained in these samples was found to be ~2 AW-1, and it increases as a function of decreasing temperature, reaching a maximum at T = 75 K. The optoelectronic properties of MoS2 at a low temperature give an insight into photocurrent generation mechanisms, which will help in altering/improving the performance of TMD-based devices for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Ghosh
- School of Physics and Applied Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.G.); (M.W.); (P.P.)
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Physics and Applied Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.G.); (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Milinda Wasala
- School of Physics and Applied Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.G.); (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Prasanna Patil
- School of Physics and Applied Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.G.); (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Nihar Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
| | - Saikat Talapatra
- School of Physics and Applied Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (S.G.); (M.W.); (P.P.)
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8
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Karmakar A, Al-Mahboob A, Petoukhoff CE, Kravchyna O, Chan NS, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Dani KM. Dominating Interlayer Resonant Energy Transfer in Type-II 2D Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3861-3869. [PMID: 35262327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Type-II heterostructures (HSs) are essential components of modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. Earlier studies have found that in type-II transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) HSs, the dominating carrier relaxation pathway is the interlayer charge transfer (CT) mechanism. Here, this report shows that, in a type-II HS formed between monolayers of MoSe2 and ReS2, nonradiative energy transfer (ET) from higher to lower work function material (ReS2 to MoSe2) dominates over the traditional CT process with and without a charge-blocking interlayer. Without a charge-blocking interlayer, the HS area shows 3.6 times MoSe2 photoluminescence (PL) enhancement as compared to the MoSe2 area alone. In a completely encapsulated sample, the HS PL emission further increases by a factor of 6.4. After completely blocking the CT process, more than 1 order of magnitude higher MoSe2 PL emission was achieved from the HS area. This work reveals that the nature of this ET is truly a resonant effect by showing that in a similar type-II HS formed by ReS2 and WSe2, CT dominates over ET, resulting in a severely quenched WSe2 PL. This study not only provides significant insight into the competing interlayer processes but also shows an innovative way to increase the PL emission intensity of the desired TMD material using the ET process by carefully choosing the right material combination for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Karmakar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al-Mahboob
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Oksana Kravchyna
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Nicholas S Chan
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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9
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Duvjir G, Choi BK, Thi Ly T, Lam NH, Jang K, Dung DD, Chang YJ, Kim J. Multiple charge density wave phases of monolayer VSe 2manifested by graphene substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:364002. [PMID: 34062520 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac06f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A combined study of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is conducted to understand the multiple charge density wave (CDW) phases of monolayer (ML) VSe2films manifested by graphene substrates. Submonolayer (∼0.8 ML) VSe2films are prepared on two different substrates of single-layer graphene (SLG) and bi-layer graphene (BLG) on a 6H-SiC(0001). We find that ML VSe2films are less coupled to the SLG substrate compared to that of ML VSe2/BLG. Then, ML VSe2grown on SLG and BLG substrates reveals a very different topography in STM. While ML VSe2/BLG shows one unidirectional modulation of √3 × 2 and √3 × √7 CDW in topography, ML VSe2/SLG presents a clear modulation of 4 × 1 CDW interfering with √3 × 2 and √3 × √7 CDW which has not been previously observed. We explicitly show that the reciprocal vector of 4 × 1 CDW fits perfectly into the long parallel sections of cigar-shaped Fermi surfaces near the M point in ML VSe2, satisfying Fermi surface nesting. Since bulk VSe2is also well-known for the 4 × 4 × 3 CDW formed by Fermi surface nesting, the 4 × 1 CDW in ML VSe2/SLG is attributed to the planar projection of 4 × 4 × 3 CDW in bulk. Our result clarifies the nature of the 4 × 1 CDW in ML VSe2system and is a good example demonstrating the essential role of substrates in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganbat Duvjir
- Department of Physics, and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ki Choi
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Trinh Thi Ly
- Department of Physics, and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Huu Lam
- Department of Physics, and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuha Jang
- Radiation Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Dang Duc Dung
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Young Jun Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungdae Kim
- Department of Physics, and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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10
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King PDC, Picozzi S, Egdell RG, Panaccione G. Angle, Spin, and Depth Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy on Quantum Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2816-2856. [PMID: 33346644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of X-ray based electron spectroscopies in determining chemical, electronic, and magnetic properties of solids has been well-known for several decades. A powerful approach is angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, whereby the kinetic energy and angle of photoelectrons emitted from a sample surface are measured. This provides a direct measurement of the electronic band structure of crystalline solids. Moreover, it yields powerful insights into the electronic interactions at play within a material and into the control of spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom, central pillars of future solid state science. With strong recent focus on research of lower-dimensional materials and modified electronic behavior at surfaces and interfaces, angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has become a core technique in the study of quantum materials. In this review, we provide an introduction to the technique. Through examples from several topical materials systems, including topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal oxides, we highlight the types of information which can be obtained. We show how the combination of angle, spin, time, and depth-resolved experiments are able to reveal "hidden" spectral features, connected to semiconducting, metallic and magnetic properties of solids, as well as underlining the importance of dimensional effects in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Picozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SPIN, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Russell G Egdell
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Panaccione
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, in Area Science Park, S.S.14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Wang J, Zhou YJ, Xiang D, Ng SJ, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Eda G. Polarized Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Anisotropic Excitons in Few-Layer ReS 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001890. [PMID: 32608083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An on-chip polarized light source is desirable in signal processing, optical communication, and display applications. Layered semiconductors with reduced in-plane symmetry have inherent anisotropic excitons that are attractive candidates as polarized dipole emitters. Herein, the demonstration of polarized light-emitting diode based on anisotropic excitons in few-layer ReS2 , a 2D semiconductor with excitonic transition energy of 1.5-1.6 eV, is reported. The light-emitting device is based on minority carrier (hole) injection into n-type ReS2 through a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) tunnel barrier in a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) van der Waals heterostack. Two distinct emission peaks from excitons are observed at near-infrared wavelength regime from few-layer ReS2 . The emissions exhibit a degree of polarization of 80% reflecting the nearly 1D nature of excitons in ReS2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Yong Justin Zhou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Du Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shiuan Jun Ng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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12
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Choi BK, Ulstrup S, Gunasekera SM, Kim J, Lim SY, Moreschini L, Oh JS, Chun SH, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Cheong H, Lyo IW, Mucha-Kruczynski M, Chang YJ. Visualizing Orbital Content of Electronic Bands in Anisotropic 2D Semiconducting ReSe 2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7880-7891. [PMID: 32463224 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many properties of layered materials change as they are thinned from their bulk forms down to single layers, with examples including indirect-to-direct band gap transition in 2H semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides as well as thickness-dependent changes in the valence band structure in post-transition-metal monochalcogenides and black phosphorus. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the electronic band structure of monolayer ReSe2, a semiconductor with a distorted 1T structure and in-plane anisotropy. By changing the polarization of incoming photons, we demonstrate that for ReSe2, in contrast to the 2H materials, the out-of-plane transition metal dz2 and chalcogen pz orbitals do not contribute significantly to the top of the valence band, which explains the reported weak changes in the electronic structure of this compound as a function of layer number. We estimate a band gap of 1.7 eV in pristine ReSe2 using scanning tunneling spectroscopy and explore the implications on the gap following surface doping with potassium. A lower bound of 1.4 eV is estimated for the gap in the fully doped case, suggesting that doping-dependent many-body effects significantly affect the electronic properties of ReSe2. Our results, supported by density functional theory calculations, provide insight into the mechanisms behind polarization-dependent optical properties of rhenium dichalcogenides and highlight their place among two-dimensional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Ki Choi
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Søren Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Surani M Gunasekera
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jiho Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Lim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Luca Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ji Seop Oh
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Chun
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyeonsik Cheong
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Whan Lyo
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcin Mucha-Kruczynski
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Young Jun Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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13
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Liu L, Ma K, Xu X, Shangguan C, Lv J, Zhu S, Jiao S, Wang J. MoS 2-ReS 2 Heterojunctions from a Bimetallic Co-chamber Feeding Atomic Layer Deposition for Ultrasensitive MiRNA-21 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29074-29084. [PMID: 32492335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium disulfide (ReS2), which possessed a unique direct band gap from the bulk to monolayer, played a very important role in establishing optoelectronic devices, while the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs might hinder its further applications. Therefore, to improve its photocurrent performance, a bimetallic co-chamber feeding atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a precise dose regulation strategy was used to fabricate MoS2-ReS2 heterojunctions with a controllable Mo-to-Re ratio in this work. Furthermore, because of the controlled addition of Mo atoms, the electron-transfer capacity, carrier mobility, and photocurrent response of these heterojunctions were significantly improved among which the sample obtained under 100 supercycles (one supercycle for this sample consists of the following in turn: one ReCl5 pulse, one H2S pulse, one ReCl5 pulse, one MoCl5 pulse, and one H2S pulse; the real Mo-to-Re ratio Rr = 57.9%) exhibited the best photocurrent response. Due to the significant improvement in optoelectronic performance, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor with the basis of the above optimized sample could achieve the ultrasensitive detection of cancer-related miRNA-21 ranging from 10 aM to 1 nM with a low detection limit of 2.8 aM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changjian Shangguan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Songyang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Songlong Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
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14
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Zhou Y, Maity N, Rai A, Juneja R, Meng X, Roy A, Zhang Y, Xu X, Lin JF, Banerjee SK, Singh AK, Wang Y. Stacking-Order-Driven Optical Properties and Carrier Dynamics in ReS 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908311. [PMID: 32329148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct stacking orders in ReS2 are identified without ambiguity and their influence on vibrational, optical properties and carrier dynamics are investigated. With atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), two stacking orders are determined as AA stacking with negligible displacement across layers, and AB stacking with about a one-unit cell displacement along the a axis. First-principles calculations confirm that these two stacking orders correspond to two local energy minima. Raman spectra inform a consistent difference of modes I & III, about 13 cm-1 for AA stacking, and 20 cm-1 for AB stacking, making a simple tool for determining the stacking orders in ReS2 . Polarized photoluminescence (PL) reveals that AB stacking possesses blueshifted PL peak positions, and broader peak widths, compared with AA stacking, indicating stronger interlayer interaction. Transient transmission measured with femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy suggests exciton dynamics being more anisotropic in AB stacking, where excited state absorption related to Exc. III mode disappears when probe polarization aligns perpendicular to b axis. The findings underscore the stacking-order driven optical properties and carrier dynamics of ReS2 , mediate many seemingly contradictory results in the literature, and open up an opportunity to engineer electronic devices with new functionalities by manipulating the stacking order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Maity
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Amritesh Rai
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Rinkle Juneja
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Xianghai Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Anupam Roy
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Yanyao Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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15
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Lv J, Liu L. Direct fabrication of two-dimensional ReS 2 on SiO 2/Si substrate by a wide-temperature-range atomic layer deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:055602. [PMID: 31622963 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4ead] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The building of high-quality, especially thickness-controllable ReS2, is the crux of researching it and developing its wider application. In this work, ultrathin (1-5 layers) ReS2 with controllable thickness and improved quality is obtained on SiO2/Si substrates, using wide-temperature-range (WTR) atomic layer deposition (ALD). First, a WTR ALD system for building thin films and in situ annealing is constructed. ReS2 of precise thicknesses can be achieved by regulating the number of ALD cycles, controlling the reaction temperature and plasma treatment. In particular, a method of in situ H2S annealing is used to reduce S defects, which improves the quality of ReS2. After annealing, the atomic ratio of S/Re in ReS2 increases from 1.74 to 1.92, considering the presence of Re-O bond at the SiO2-ReS2 interface, which indicates that the S defects in ReS2 films are completely eliminated at annealing temperature of 850 °C and 900 °C. In particular, at an annealing temperature of 900 °C, ReS2 recrystallizes to form about 120 nm triangular grains, and its frictional force is reduced by 27.5% compared with the as-grown ReS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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16
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Khosravi A, Addou R, Catalano M, Kim J, Wallace RM. High-κ Dielectric on ReS₂: In-Situ Thermal Versus Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Al₂O₃. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071056. [PMID: 30935054 PMCID: PMC6479988 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report an excellent growth behavior of a high-κ dielectric on ReS₂, a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD). The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an Al₂O₃ thin film on the UV-Ozone pretreated surface of ReS₂ yields a pinhole free and conformal growth. In-situ half-cycle X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor the interfacial chemistry and ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the surface morphology. A significant enhancement in the uniformity of the Al₂O₃ thin film was deposited via plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), while pinhole free Al₂O₃ was achieved using a UV-Ozone pretreatment. The ReS₂ substrate stays intact during all different experiments and processes without any formation of the Re oxide. This work demonstrates that a combination of the ALD process and the formation of weak S⁻O bonds presents an effective route for a uniform and conformal high-κ dielectric for advanced devices based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Khosravi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Rafik Addou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 93771, USA.
| | - Massimo Catalano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Council for Research (IMM-CNR), Via Monteroni, ed. A3, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Robert M Wallace
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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17
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Kim BS, Kyung WS, Denlinger JD, Kim C, Park SR. Strong One-Dimensional Characteristics of Hole-Carriers in ReS 2 and ReSe 2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2730. [PMID: 30804468 PMCID: PMC6389895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Each plane of layered ReS2 and ReSe2 materials has 1D chain structure, from which intriguing properties such as 1D character of the exciton states and linearly polarized photoluminescence originate. However, systematic studies on the 1D character of charge carriers have not been done yet. Here, we report on systematic and comparative studies on the energy-momentum dispersion relationships of layered transition metal dichalcogenides ReS2 and ReSe2 by angle resolved photoemission. We found that the valence band maximum or the minimum energy for holes is located at the high symmetric Z-point for both materials. However, the out-of-plane (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${k}_{z}$$\end{document}kz) dispersion for ReSe2 (20 meV) is found to be much smaller than that of ReS2 (150 meV). We observe that the effective mass of the hole carriers along the direction perpendicular to the chain is about 4 times larger than that along the chain direction for both ReS2 and ReSe2. Remarkably, the experimentally measured hole effective mass is about twice heavier than that from first principles calculation for ReS2 although the in-plane anisotropy values from the experiment and calculations are comparable. These observation indicate that bulk ReS2 and ReSe2 are unique semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides having strong one-dimensional characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea
| | - W S Kyung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - J D Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - S R Park
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
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18
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Jadczak J, Kutrowska-Girzycka J, Smoleński T, Kossacki P, Huang YS, Bryja L. Exciton binding energy and hydrogenic Rydberg series in layered ReS 2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1578. [PMID: 30733485 PMCID: PMC6367321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2, which possess high in-plane symmetry, layered ReS2 exhibits reduced in-plane crystal symmetry with a distorted 1 T structure. This unique symmetry leads to anisotropic optical properties, very promising for light polarization devices. Here, we report on low temperature polarization-resolved emission and absorption measurements of excitons in ReS2 from bulk to monolayer. In photoluminescence and reflectivity contrast spectra we distinguish two strongly polarized excitons X1 and X2 with dipole vectors along different crystal directions, which persist from bulk down to monolayer. Basing on the PL and RC spectra of bulk crystals we determine the energy of the ground and first four excited states of both excitons, which follow the usual hydrogenic Rydberg series of energy levels of 3D excitonic states (En = Ry*/n2). From the numerical fit we estimate that the energy gap is direct and equal to 1671.7 meV and binding energy of X1 and X2 is equal to 117.5 and 86.6 meV, respectively. In magneto-PL spectra of bulk ReS2 up to B = 10 T, the energy shift of all the states is below 2 meV. On reducing the crystal thickness from bulk to monolayer the ground state experience a strong blue shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jadczak
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - J Kutrowska-Girzycka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - T Smoleński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Kossacki
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y S Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - L Bryja
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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19
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Zhou L, Zhang Y, Zhuo Z, Neukirch AJ, Tretiak S. Interlayer-Decoupled Sc-Based Mxene with High Carrier Mobility and Strong Light-Harvesting Ability. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6915-6920. [PMID: 30472850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials offer a unique combination of electronic and structural properties attractive for technological applications. Most of them show strong vdW interactions, which lead to interlayer-coupled optoelectronic properties due to quantum confinement. Here we present a systematic computational study of one Mxene, 2D double-metal-layered scandium chloride carbides (Sc2CCl2). Unlike conventional quantum-confined nanosystems, 2D Sc2CCl2 exhibits weak vdW interactions with robust interlayer-decoupled optoelectronic properties and extremely high and anisotropic carrier mobilities of about 1-4.5 × 104 cm2 V-1 s-1 that consequently produce comparatively large drain currents. Specifically, the 2D Sc2CCl2 family has strong light-harvesting ability and could be utilized as efficient donor materials in excitonic solar cells. Overall, in combination with high structural stability against ambient conditions, interlayer-decoupled robust optoelectronic properties potentially relax the requirements for the fabrication of high-quality monolayers and for selection of suitable substrates and suggest promising next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujiang Zhou
- Theoretical Physics and Chemistry of Materials , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Physics and Chemistry of Materials , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Amanda J Neukirch
- Theoretical Physics and Chemistry of Materials , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Physics and Chemistry of Materials , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 23026 , China
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20
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Dhakal KP, Kim H, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee J, Ahn JH. Probing the upper band gap of atomic rhenium disulfide layers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:98. [PMID: 30510694 PMCID: PMC6262017 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigate the ultrafast carrier dynamics and electronic states of exfoliated ReS2 films using time-resolved second harmonic generation (TSHG) microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of layers with various thicknesses is probed using a 1.19-eV beam. Up to ~13 nm, a gradual increment is observed, followed by a decrease caused by bulk interferometric light absorption. The addition of a pump pulse tuned to the exciton band gap (1.57 eV) creates a decay-to-rise TSHG profile as a function of the probe delay. The power and thickness dependencies indicate that the electron-hole recombination is mediated by defects and surfaces. The two photon absorptions of 2.38 eV in the excited state that are induced by pumping from 1.57 to 1.72 eV are restricted because these transitions highly correlate with the forbidden d-d intrasubshell orbital transitions. However, the combined usage of a frequency-doubled pump (2.38 eV) with wavelength-variant SHG probes (2.60-2.82 eV) allows us to vividly monitor the variations in TSHG profiles from decay-to-rise to rise-to-decay, which imply the existence of an additional electron absorption state (s-orbital) at an approximate distance of 5.05 eV from the highest occupied molecular orbital states. This observation was critically examined by considering the allowance of each electronic transition and a small upper band gap (~0.5 eV) using modified DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna P. Dhakal
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Companion Diagnostics & Medical Technology Research Group, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonwoo Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - JaeDong Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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Hong M, Zhou X, Gao N, Jiang S, Xie C, Zhao L, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Yang P, Shi Y, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Identifying the Non-Identical Outermost Selenium Atoms and Invariable Band Gaps across the Grain Boundary of Anisotropic Rhenium Diselenide. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10095-10103. [PMID: 30226744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) is a unique transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) possessing distorted 1T structure with a triclinic symmetry, strong in-plane anisotropy, and promising applications in optoelectronics and energy-related fields. So far, the structural and physical properties of ReSe2 are mainly uncovered by transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy characterizations. Herein, by combining scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM and STS) with first-principles calculations, we accomplish the on-site atomic-scale identification of the top four non-identical Se atoms in a unit cell of the anisotropic monolayer ReSe2 on the Au substrate. According to STS and photoluminescence results, we also determine the quasiparticle and optical band gaps as well as the exciton binding energy of monolayer ReSe2. In particular, we detect a perfect lattice coherence and an invariable band gap across the mirror-symmetric grain boundaries in monolayer and bilayer ReSe2, which considerably differ from the traditional isotropic TMDCs featured with defect structures and additional states inside the band gap. Such essential findings should deepen our understanding of the intrinsic properties of two-dimensional anisotropic materials and provide fundamental references for their applications in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams , Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams , Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education , Dalian 116024 , China
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Cattelan M, Fox NA. A Perspective on the Application of Spatially Resolved ARPES for 2D Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E284. [PMID: 29702567 PMCID: PMC5977298 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a perspective on the application of Spatially- and Angle-Resolved PhotoEmission Spectroscopy (ARPES) for the study of two-dimensional (2D) materials is presented. ARPES allows the direct measurement of the electronic band structure of materials generating extremely useful insights into their electronic properties. The possibility to apply this technique to 2D materials is of paramount importance because these ultrathin layers are considered fundamental for future electronic, photonic and spintronic devices. In this review an overview of the technical aspects of spatially localized ARPES is given along with a description of the most advanced setups for laboratory and synchrotron-based equipment. This technique is sensitive to the lateral dimensions of the sample. Therefore, a discussion on the preparation methods of 2D material is presented. Some of the most interesting results obtained by ARPES are reported in three sections including: graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and 2D heterostructures. Graphene has played a key role in ARPES studies because it inspired the use of this technique with other 2D materials. TMDCs are presented for their peculiar transport, optical and spin properties. Finally, the section featuring heterostructures highlights a future direction for research into 2D material structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cattelan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; .
| | - Neil A Fox
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; .
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK.
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Miao P, Qin JK, Shen Y, Su H, Dai J, Song B, Du Y, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang HL, Xu CY, Xu P. Unraveling the Raman Enhancement Mechanism on 1T'-Phase ReS 2 Nanosheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704079. [PMID: 29411513 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal dichalcogenides materials are explored as potential surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. Herein, a systematic study of the Raman enhancement mechanism on distorted 1T (1T') rhenium disulfide (ReS2 ) nanosheets is demonstrated. Combined Raman and photoluminescence studies with the introduction of an Al2 O3 dielectric layer unambiguously reveal that Raman enhancement on ReS2 materials is from a charge transfer process rather than from an energy transfer process, and Raman enhancement is inversely proportional while the photoluminescence quenching effect is proportional to the layer number (thickness) of ReS2 nanosheets. On monolayer ReS2 film, a strong resonance-enhanced Raman scattering effect dependent on the laser excitation energy is detected, and a detection limit as low as 10-9 m can be reached from the studied dye molecules such as rhodamine 6G and methylene blue. Such a high enhancement factor achieved through enhanced charge interaction between target molecule and substrate suggests that with careful consideration of the layer-number-dependent feature and excitation-energy-related resonance effect, ReS2 is a promising Raman enhancement platform for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Miao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing-Kai Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huimin Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junfeng Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bo Song
- Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yunchen Du
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ping Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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