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Prete P, Calabriso D, Burresi E, Tapfer L, Lovergine N. Lattice Strain Relaxation and Compositional Control in As-Rich GaAsP/(100)GaAs Heterostructures Grown by MOVPE. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4254. [PMID: 37374438 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-efficiency GaAsP-based solar cells on GaAs wafers requires addressing structural issues arising from the materials lattice mismatch. We report on tensile strain relaxation and composition control of MOVPE-grown As-rich GaAs1-xPx/(100)GaAs heterostructures studied by double-crystal X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Thin (80-150 nm) GaAs1-xPx epilayers appear partially relaxed (within 1-12% of the initial misfit) through a network of misfit dislocations along the sample [011] and [011-] in plane directions. Values of the residual lattice strain as a function of epilayer thickness were compared with predictions from the equilibrium (Matthews-Blakeslee) and energy balance models. It is shown that the epilayers relax at a slower rate than expected based on the equilibrium model, an effect ascribed to the existence of an energy barrier to the nucleation of new dislocations. The study of GaAs1-xPx composition as a function of the V-group precursors ratio in the vapor during growth allowed for the determination of the As/P anion segregation coefficient. The latter agrees with values reported in the literature for P-rich alloys grown using the same precursor combination. P-incorporation into nearly pseudomorphic heterostructures turns out to be kinetically activated, with an activation energy EA = 1.41 ± 0.04 eV over the entire alloy compositional range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Prete
- Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems of CNR (IMM-CNR), Lecce Unit, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Calabriso
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Emiliano Burresi
- ENEA-National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Brindisi Research Center, Strada Statale 7 'Appia', I-72100 Brindisi, Italy
| | - Leander Tapfer
- ENEA-National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Brindisi Research Center, Strada Statale 7 'Appia', I-72100 Brindisi, Italy
| | - Nico Lovergine
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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Zhuang S, Chen D, Fan W, Yuan J, Liao L, Zhao Y, Li J, Deng H, Yang J, Yang J, Wu Z. Single-Atom-Kernelled Nanocluster Catalyst. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7144-7150. [PMID: 35868014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To propose the concept of single-atom-kernelled nanocluster, we synthesized a Pd-based trimetal nanocluster with a single-Ag atom-kernel for the first time by introducing some steric hindrance factors and employing a joint alloying strategy that combines the coreduction with an antigalvanic reduction (AGR). Although the AGR-derived Pd-based trimetal nanoclusters with single-silver atom kernels have low contents of gold, they show higher activity and selectivity than those of the bimetal precursor nanocluster in the electrocatalytical reduction of CO2 to CO. Furthermore, it is revealed that the kernel single atoms from both Au4Pd6(TBBT)12 and Au3AgPd6(TBBT)12 are not the active sites for catalysis, but greatly influence the catalytical performance by effecting the electronic configuration. Thus, it is demonstrated that the single-atom-kernelled nanocluster can not only improve the precious metal utilization (even to 100%) but also better the properties and provide insight into the structure-property correlation for metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
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Cheng Y, Xue J, Yang M, Li H, Guo P. Bimetallic PdCu Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis: Multiphase or Homogeneous Alloy? Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10611-10619. [PMID: 32678586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystal phase structure of bimetallic alloy is an important factor determining the electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of energy molecules. In this paper, PdCu bimetallic NPs with similar element composition and different crystal phase structural features have been synthesized hydrothermally by adjusting the content of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na). Multiphase PdCu NPs composed of pure Pd and alloy phase are obtained with a low concentration (even as low as zero) of EDTA-2Na in synthetic systems while homogeneous PdCu alloy NPs are formed in the presence of EDTA-2Na with a high concentration. The catalytic activity of ethanol electrooxidation is increased from 3.1 mA·cm-2 of pure Pd NPs, to 3.6 mA·cm-2 of multiphase PdCu NPs, and to 5.0 mA·cm-2 of homogeneous PdCu alloy NPs (about 2360 mA mgPd-1). The surface composition and structural stability of homogeneous PdCu NPs were much less damaged during electrochemical measurements. Based on the experimental data, the formation mechanism of multiphase and homogeneous PdCu NPs and their structure-property relationship have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Cheng
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Peizhi Guo
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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Zhang D, Peng L, Yang Z, Yang Y, Li H. Gold-Supported Nanostructured NiFeCoPr Hydroxide as a High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode and Electrocatalyst toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15841-15852. [PMID: 31743005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanxin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haipu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires have attracted extensive interest as one of the best-defined classes of nanoscale building blocks for the bottom-up assembly of functional electronic and optoelectronic devices over the past two decades. The article provides a comprehensive review of the continuing efforts in exploring semiconductor nanowires for the assembly of functional nanoscale electronics and macroelectronics. Specifically, we start with a brief overview of the synthetic control of various semiconductor nanowires and nanowire heterostructures with precisely controlled physical dimension, chemical composition, heterostructure interface, and electronic properties to define the material foundation for nanowire electronics. We then summarize a series of assembly strategies developed for creating well-ordered nanowire arrays with controlled spatial position, orientation, and density, which are essential for constructing increasingly complex electronic devices and circuits from synthetic semiconductor nanowires. Next, we review the fundamental electronic properties and various single nanowire transistor concepts. Combining the designable electronic properties and controllable assembly approaches, we then discuss a series of nanoscale devices and integrated circuits assembled from nanowire building blocks, as well as a unique design of solution-processable nanowire thin-film transistors for high-performance large-area flexible electronics. Last, we conclude with a brief perspective on the standing challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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Baines T, Papageorgiou G, Hutter OS, Bowen L, Durose K, Major JD. Self-Catalyzed CdTe Wires. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050274. [PMID: 29693560 PMCID: PMC5977288 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CdTe wires have been fabricated via a catalyst free method using the industrially scalable physical vapor deposition technique close space sublimation. Wire growth was shown to be highly dependent on surface roughness and deposition pressure, with only low roughness surfaces being capable of producing wires. Growth of wires is highly (111) oriented and is inferred to occur via a vapor-solid-solid growth mechanism, wherein a CdTe seed particle acts to template the growth. Such seed particles are visible as wire caps and have been characterized via energy dispersive X-ray analysis to establish they are single phase CdTe, hence validating the self-catalysation route. Cathodoluminescence analysis demonstrates that CdTe wires exhibited a much lower level of recombination when compared to a planar CdTe film, which is highly beneficial for semiconductor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baines
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7XF, UK.
| | - Giorgos Papageorgiou
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7XF, UK.
| | - Oliver S Hutter
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7XF, UK.
| | - Leon Bowen
- Department of Physics, G.J. Russell Microscopy Facility, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Ken Durose
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7XF, UK.
| | - Jonathan D Major
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7XF, UK.
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Choi SB, Song MS, Kim Y. Growth of wurtzite CdTe nanowires on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates and room-temperature bandgap parameter determination. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:145702. [PMID: 29376840 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaab16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth of CdTe nanowires, catalyzed by Sn, was achieved on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass by physical vapor transport. CdTe nanowires grew along the 〈0001〉 direction, with a very rare and phase-pure wurtzite structure, at 290 °C. CdTe nanowires grew under Te-limited conditions by forming SnTe nanostructures in the catalysts and the wurtzite structure was energetically favored. By polarization-dependent and power-dependent micro-photoluminescence measurements of individual nanowires, heavy and light hole-related transitions could be differentiated, and the fundamental bandgap of wurtzite CdTe at room temperature was determined to be 1.562 eV, which was 52 meV higher than that of zinc-blende CdTe. From the analysis of doublet photoluminescence spectra, the valence band splitting energy between heavy hole and light hole bands was estimated to be 43 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Bin Choi
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Hadan-2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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