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Fan C, Zhu M, Xu X, Wang P, Zhang Q, Dai X, Yang K, He H, Ye Z. Self-Competitive Growth of CsPbBr 3 Planar Nanowire Array. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3750-3758. [PMID: 38488747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor planar nanowire arrays (PNAs) are essential for achieving large-scale device integration. Direct heteroepitaxy of PNAs on a flat substrate is constrained by the mismatch in crystalline symmetry and lattice parameters between the substrate and epitaxial nanowires. This study presents a novel approach termed "self-competitive growth" for heteroepitaxy of CsPbBr3 PNAs on mica. The key to inducing the self-competitive growth of CsPbBr3 PNAs on mica involves restricting the nucleation of CsPbBr3 nanowires in a high-adsorption region, which is accomplished by overlaying graphite sheets on the mica surface. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that CsPbBr3 nanowires oriented perpendicular to the boundary of the high-adsorption area exhibit greater competitiveness in intercepting the growth of nanowires in the other two directions, resulting in PNAs with a consistent orientation. Moreover, these PNAs exhibit low-threshold and stable amplified spontaneous emission under one-, two-, and three-photon excitation, indicating their potential for an integrated laser array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000 People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Xu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421010, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou 325006, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000 People's Republic of China
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Liao JW, Huang ZT, Wu CH, Gagrani N, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Chen KP, Lu TC. Highly Localized Surface Plasmon Nanolasers via Strong Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4359-4366. [PMID: 37155142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons have robust and strong confinement to the light field which is beneficial for the light-matter interaction. Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SPACER) has the potential to be integrated on the semiconductor chip as a compact coherent light source, which can play an important role in further extension of Moore's law. In this study, we demonstrate the localized surface plasmon lasing at room temperature in the communication band using metallic nanoholes as the plasmonic nanocavity and InP nanowires as the gain medium. Optimizing laser performance has been demonstrated by coupling between two metallic nanoholes which adds another degree of freedom for manipulating the lasing properties. Our plasmonic nanolasers exhibit lower power consumption, smaller mode volumes, and higher spontaneous emission coupling factors due to enhanced light-matter interactions, which are very promising in the applications of high-density sensing and photonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Liao
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Ting Huang
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa third Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Nikita Gagrani
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Kuo-Ping Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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3
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Moradiani F, Arvanagh PE, Parsanasab GM, Kavosi A. Single-mode lasing by tailoring the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances to whispering gallery modes in a microring laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16615-16622. [PMID: 37157737 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cavity mode manipulation in lasers is urgent for the stable single-mode operation of a microring laser. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the plasmonic whispering gallery mode microring laser for strong coupling between local plasmonic resonances and whispering gallery modes (WGM) on the microring cavity to achieve pure single-mode lasing. The proposed structure is fabricated based on integrated photonics circuits consisting of gold nanoparticles deposited on a single microring. Additionally, our numerical simulation provides deep insight into the interaction between the gold nanoparticles and WGM modes. The manufacture of microlasers for the advancement of lab-on-a-chip devices and all-optical detection of ultra-low analysts may benefit from our findings.
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4
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Li H, Jia Q, Lyu B, Cao F, Yang G, Liu D, Shi J. Parity-time symmetry breaking optical nanocircuit. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14986-14996. [PMID: 37157350 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gain and loss balanced parity-time (PT) inversion symmetry has been achieved across multiple platforms including acoustics, electronics, and photonics. Tunable subwavelength asymmetric transmission based on PT symmetry breaking has attracted great interest. However, due to the diffraction limit, the geometric size of an optical PT symmetric system is much larger than the resonant wavelength, which limits the device miniaturization. Here, we theoretically studied a subwavelength optical PT symmetry breaking nanocircuit based on the similarity between a plasmonic system and an RLC circuit. Firstly, the asymmetric coupling of an input signal is observed by varying the coupling strength and gain-loss ratio between the nanocircuits. Furthermore, a subwavelength modulator is proposed by modulating the gain of the amplified nanocircuit. Notably, the modulation effect near the exceptional point is remarkable. Finally, we introduce a four-level atomic model modified by the Pauli exclusion principle to simulate the nonlinear dynamics of a PT symmetry broken laser. The asymmetric emission of a coherent laser is realized by full-wave simulation with a contrast of about 50. This subwavelength optical nanocircuit with broken PT symmetry is of great significance for realizing directional guided light, modulator and asymmetric-emission laser at subwavelength scales.
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5
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Huang ZT, Chien TW, Cheng CW, Li CC, Chen KP, Gwo S, Lu TC. Room-Temperature Gate Voltage Modulation of Plasmonic Nanolasers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6488-6496. [PMID: 36989057 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Stable electrical modulation of plasmonic nanolasers is achieved on a hybrid graphene-insulator-metal (GIM) platform at room temperature. To support surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance, a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire is placed on the GIM platform to create a plasmonic cavity with a compact mode volume of 2.6 × 10-2 λ3, and the graphene layer is used as a transparent electrode for electrical modulation. When a gate voltage is applied, the surface electron density of Al varied, which results in the shifting of its plasma frequency and thus affects its SPP dispersion. In particular, this variation strongly changes the internal loss of the SPP mode; thus, the lasing thresholds of the ZnO nanowire plasmonic nanolasers on the GIM platform can be modulated by the gate voltage. This study demonstrates the gate voltage modulation of ZnO nanowire plasmonic nanolasers on a GIM platform at room temperature. These nanolasers can exhibit ultrahigh modulation speed on the order of terahertz. Accordingly, plasmonic nanolasers with gate voltage modulation have high potential for plasmonic circuit applications with high operation speed and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ting Huang
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chien
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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6
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Luo S, Hoff BH, Maier SA, de Mello JC. Scalable Fabrication of Metallic Nanogaps at the Sub-10 nm Level. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102756. [PMID: 34719889 PMCID: PMC8693066 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanogaps with metal-metal separations of less than 10 nm have many applications in nanoscale photonics and electronics. However, their fabrication remains a considerable challenge, especially for applications that require patterning of nanoscale features over macroscopic length-scales. Here, some of the most promising techniques for nanogap fabrication are evaluated, covering established technologies such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography (EBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) milling, plus a number of newer methods that use novel electrochemical and mechanical means to effect the patterning. The physical principles behind each method are reviewed and their strengths and limitations for nanogap patterning in terms of resolution, fidelity, speed, ease of implementation, versatility, and scalability to large substrate sizes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
| | - Bård H. Hoff
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Nano‐Institute MunichFaculty of PhysicsLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMünchen80539Germany
- Blackett LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - John C. de Mello
- Department of ChemistryNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNO‐7491Norway
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7
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Yang K, Yao X, Liu B, Ren B. Metallic Plasmonic Array Structures: Principles, Fabrications, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007988. [PMID: 34048123 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The vast development of nanofabrication has spurred recent progress for the manipulation of light down to a region much smaller than the wavelength. Metallic plasmonic array structures are demonstrated to be the most powerful platform to realize controllable light-matter interactions and have found wide applications due to their rich and tunable optical performance through the morphology and parameter engineering. Here, various light-management mechanisms that may exist on metallic plasmonic array structures are described. Then, the typical techniques for fabrication of metallic plasmonic arrays are summarized. Next, some recent applications of plasmonic arrays are reviewed, including plasmonic sensing, surface-enhanced spectroscopies, plasmonic nanolasing, and perfect light absorption. Lastly, the existing challenges and perspectives for metallic plasmonic arrays are discussed. The aim is to provide guidance for future development of metallic plasmonic array structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
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8
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Luo S, Mancini A, Berté R, Hoff BH, Maier SA, de Mello JC. Massively Parallel Arrays of Size-Controlled Metallic Nanogaps with Gap-Widths Down to the Sub-3-nm Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100491. [PMID: 33939199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanogaps (MNGs) are fundamental components of nanoscale photonic and electronic devices. However, the lack of reproducible, high-yield fabrication methods with nanometric control over the gap-size has hindered practical applications. A patterning technique based on molecular self-assembly and physical peeling is reported here that allows the gap-width to be tuned from more than 30 nm to less than 3 nm. The ability of the technique to define sub-3-nm gaps between dissimilar metals permits the easy fabrication of molecular rectifiers, in which conductive molecules bridge metals with differing work functions. A method is further described for fabricating massively parallel nanogap arrays containing hundreds of millions of ring-shaped nanogaps, in which nanometric size control is maintained over large patterning areas of up to a square centimeter. The arrays exhibit strong plasmonic resonances under visible light illumination and act as high-performance substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, with high enhancement factors of up to 3 × 108 relative to thin gold films. The methods described here extend the range of metallic nanostructures that can be fabricated over large areas, and are likely to find many applications in molecular electronics, plasmonics, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Berté
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
| | - Bård H Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80539, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John C de Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Wang R, Xu C, You D, Wang X, Chen J, Shi Z, Cui Q, Qiu T. Plasmon-exciton coupling dynamics and plasmonic lasing in a core-shell nanocavity. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6780-6785. [PMID: 33885480 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers based on the spatial localization of surface plasmons (SPs) have attracted considerable interest in nanophotonics, particularly in the desired application of optoelectronic and photonic integration, even breaking the diffraction limit. Effectively confining the mode field is still a basic, critical and challenging approach to improve optical gain and reduce loss for achieving high performance of a nanolaser. Here, we designed and fabricated a semiconductor/metal (ZnO/Al) core-shell nanocavity without an insulator spacer by simple magnetron sputtering. Both theoretical and experimental investigations presented plasmonic lasing behavior and SP-exciton coupling dynamics. The simulation demonstrated the three-dimensional optical confinement of the light field in the core-shell nanocavity, while the experiments revealed a lower threshold of the optimized ZnO/Al core-shell nanolaser than the same-sized ZnO photonic nanolaser. More importantly, the blue shift of the lasing mode demonstrated the SP-exciton coupling in the ZnO/Al core-shell nanolaser, which was also confirmed by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The analysis of the Purcell factor and PL decay time revealed that SP-exciton coupling accelerated the exciton recombination rate and enhanced the conversion of spontaneous radiation into stimulated radiation. The results indicate an approach to design a real nanolaser for promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China.
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10
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Liang Y, Li C, Huang YZ, Zhang Q. Plasmonic Nanolasers in On-Chip Light Sources: Prospects and Challenges. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14375-14390. [PMID: 33119269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic nanolaser is a class of lasers with the physical dimensions free from the optical diffraction limit. In the past decade, progress in performance, applications, and mechanisms of plasmonic nanolasers has increased dramatically. We review this advance and offer our prospectives on the remaining challenges ahead, concentrating on the integration with nanochips. In particular, we focus on the qualifications for electrical pumping, energy consumption, and ultrafast modulation. At last, we evaluate the strategies for on-chip source construction design and further threshold reduction to achieve a long-term room-temperature electrically pumped plasmonic nanolaser, the ultimate goal toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Liang J, Chu M, Zhou Z, Yan Y, Zhao YS. Optically Pumped Lasing in Microscale Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Arrays for Multicolor Displays. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7116-7122. [PMID: 32945679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser displays, which offer wide achievable color gamut and excellent color rendering, have emerged as a promising next-generation display technology. Constructing display panels composed of pixelated microlaser arrays is of great significance for the actualization of laser displays in the flat-panel sector. Here, we report microscale light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) arrays that operate as both optically pumped lasers and electroluminescence devices, which can be applied as self-emissive panels for high quality displays. Optically pumped red, green, and blue laser emissions were achieved in individual circular microcells consisting of corresponding conjugated polymers and electrolytes, suggesting that the microstructures can act as resonators for coherent outputs. As-prepared microstructures possess a narrowed recombination region, which dramatically increases the current density by 3 orders of magnitude under pulsed operation, compared with the corresponding thin-film devices, representing a promising solution-processed device platform for electrical pumping. Under programmable electrical excitation, both static and dynamic displays were demonstrated with such microscale LEC arrays as display panels. The prominent performance of the demonstrated structures (microlaser arrays embedded in LEC devices) provide us deep insight into the concepts and device constructions of electrically driven laser displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manman Chu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Li H, Li JH, Hong KB, Yu MW, Chung YC, Hsu CY, Yang JH, Cheng CW, Huang ZT, Chen KP, Lin TR, Gwo S, Lu TC. Plasmonic Nanolasers Enhanced by Hybrid Graphene-Insulator-Metal Structures. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5017-5024. [PMID: 31268338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) structure that creates a linear relationship between energy and momentum that not only forms massless Dirac fermions with extremely high group velocity but also exhibits a broadband transmission from 300 to 2500 nm that can be applied to many optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, light-emitting devices, touchscreens, ultrafast photodetectors, and lasers. Although the plasmonic resonance of graphene occurs in the terahertz band, graphene can be combined with a noble metal to provide a versatile platform for supporting surface plasmon waves. In this study, we propose a hybrid graphene-insulator-metal (GIM) structure that can modulate the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) dispersion characteristics and thus influence the performance of plasmonic nanolasers. Compared with values obtained when graphene is not used on an Al template, the propagation length of SPP waves can be increased 2-fold, and the threshold of nanolasers is reduced by 50% when graphene is incorporated on the template. The GIM structure can be further applied in the future to realize electrical control or electrical injection of plasmonic devices through graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jhu-Hong Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Bin Hong
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Min-Wen Yu
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chung
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Hong Yang
- Institute of Photonic System , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Ting Huang
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Tzy-Rong Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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13
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O Ramírez M, Molina P, Gómez-Tornero A, Hernández-Pinilla D, Sánchez-García L, Carretero-Palacios S, Bausá LE. Hybrid Plasmonic-Ferroelectric Architectures for Lasing and SHG Processes at the Nanoscale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901428. [PMID: 31243833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coherent light sources providing sub-wavelength confined modes are in ever more demand to face new challenges in a variety of disciplines. Scalability and cost-effective production of these systems are also highly desired. The use of ferroelectrics in functional optical platforms, on which plasmonic arrangements can be formed, is revealed as a simple and powerful method to develop coherent light sources with improved and novel functionalities at the nanoscale. Two types of sources with sub-diffraction spatial confinement and improved performances are presented: i) plasmon-assisted solid-state nanolasers based on the interaction between metallic nanostructures and optically active rare earth doped ferroelectric crystals and ii) nonlinear radiation sources based on quadratic frequency mixing processes that are enhanced by means of localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances. The mechanisms responsible for the intensification of the radiation-matter interaction processes by LSP resonances are discussed in each case. The challenges, potential applications, and future perspectives of the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola O Ramírez
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Tornero
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hernández-Pinilla
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sol Carretero-Palacios
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa E Bausá
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zhang Y, Saxena D, Aagesen M, Liu H. Toward electrically driven semiconductor nanowire lasers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:192002. [PMID: 30658345 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab000d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowire (NW) lasers are highly promising for making new-generation coherent light sources with the advantages of ultra-small size, high efficiency, easy integration and low cost. Over the past 15 years, this area of research has been developing rapidly, with extensive reports of optically pumped lasing in various inorganic and organic semiconductor NWs. Motivated by these developments, substantial efforts are being made to make NW lasers electrically pumped, which is necessary for their practical implementation. In this review, we first categorize NW lasers according to their lasing wavelength and wavelength tunability. Then, we summarize the methods used for achieving single-mode lasing in NWs. After that, we review reports on lasing threshold reduction and the realization of electrically pumped NW lasers. Finally, we offer our perspective on future improvements and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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15
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Investigation of Cavity Enhanced XEOL of a Single ZnO Microrod by Using Multifunctional Hard X-ray Nanoprobe. Sci Rep 2019; 9:207. [PMID: 30659221 PMCID: PMC6338764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional hard X-ray nanoprobe at Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) exhibits the excellent ability to simultaneously characterize the X-ray absorption, X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) as well as the dynamics of XEOL of materials. Combining the scanning electron microscope (SEM) into the TPS 23A end-station, we can easily and quickly measure the optical properties to map out the morphology of a ZnO microrod. A special phenomenon has been observed that the oscillations in the XEOL associated with the confinement of the optical photons in the single ZnO microrod shows dramatical increase while the X-ray excitation energy is set across the Zn K-edge. Besides having the nano-scale spatial resolution, the synchrotron source also gives a good temporal domain measurement to investigate the luminescence dynamic process. The decay lifetimes of different emission wavelengths and can be simultaneously obtained from the streak image. Besides, SEM can provide the cathodoluminescence (CL) to be a complementary method to analyze the emission properties of materials, we anticipate that the X-ray nanoprobe will open new avenues with great characterization ability for developing nano/microsized optoelectronic devices.
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16
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Ma RM, Oulton RF. Applications of nanolasers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:12-22. [PMID: 30559486 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers generate coherent light at the nanoscale. In the past decade, they have attracted intense interest, because they are more compact, faster and more power-efficient than conventional lasers. Thanks to these capabilities, nanolasers are now an emergent tool for a variety of practical applications. In this Review, we explain the intrinsic merits of nanolasers and assess recent progress on their applications, particularly for optical interconnects, near-field spectroscopy and sensing, optical probing for biological systems and far-field beam synthesis through near-field eigenmode engineering. We highlight the scientific and engineering challenges that remain for forging nanolasers into powerful tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Ho YL, Clark JK, Kamal ASA, Delaunay JJ. On-Chip Monolithically Fabricated Plasmonic-Waveguide Nanolaser. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7769-7776. [PMID: 30423249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic-waveguide lasers, which exhibit subdiffraction limit lasing and light propagation, are promising for the next-generation of nanophotonic devices in computation, communication, and biosensing. Plasmonic lasers supporting waveguide modes are often based on nanowires grown with bottom-up techniques that need to be transferred and aligned for use in optical circuits. Here, we demonstrate a monolithically fabricated ZnO/Al plasmonic-waveguide nanolaser compatible with the fabrication requirements of on-chip circuits. The nanolaser is designed with a plasmonic metal layer on the top of the laser cavity only, providing highly efficient energy transfer between photons, excitons, and plasmons, and achieving lasing in the ultraviolet region up to 330 K with a low threshold intensity (0.20 mJ/cm2 at room temperature). This work demonstrates the realization of a plasmonic-waveguide nanolaser without the need for transfer and positioning steps, which is the key for on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lun Ho
- School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - J Kenji Clark
- School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - A Syazwan A Kamal
- School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Jean-Jacques Delaunay
- School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
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18
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Wang S, Chen HZ, Ma RM. High Performance Plasmonic Nanolasers with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 10. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7942-7948. [PMID: 30422664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers break the diffraction limit for an optical oscillator, which brings new capabilities for various applications ranging from on-chip optical interconnector to biomedical sensing and imaging. However, the inevitably accompanied metallic absorption loss could convert the input power to heat rather than radiations, leading to undesired low external quantum efficiency and device degradation. To date, direct characterization of quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers is still a forbidden task due to its near-field surface plasmon emissions, divergent emission profile, and the limited emission power. Here, we develop a method to characterize the external quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers by synergizing experimental measurement and theoretical calculation. With systematical device optimization, we demonstrate high performance plasmonic nanolasers with external quantum efficiency exceeding 10% at room temperature. This work fills in a missing yet essential piece of key metrics of plasmonic nanolasers. The demonstrated high external quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers not only clarifies the long-standing debate, but also endorses the exploration of them in various practical applications such as near-field spectroscopy and sensing, integrated optical interconnects, solid-state lighting, and free-space optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hua-Zhou Chen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871 , China
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19
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Li Z, Jiang M, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li B, Zhao H, Shan C, Shen D. Electrically pumped Fabry-Perot microlasers from single Ga-doped ZnO microbelt based heterostructure diodes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18774-18785. [PMID: 30276399 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting micro/nanostructures possessing naturally optical waveguiding behaviors and Fabry-Perot (F-P) like resonances are emerging as versatile building blocks for the assembly of photonic and optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, lasers and so on. Individual ZnO micro/nanowires with a rectangular cross-section, such as microwires and microbelts possessing naturally smooth facets along both sides for good optical feedback, can be employed as an underlying F-P mode microcavity whilst as the gain medium for light amplification. In this context, electrically pumped F-P mode microlasers comprising a single ZnO:Ga microbelt and p-GaN substrate have been realized. By treating as the precondition, electrically driven exciton-polariton light-emitting behavior was achieved from the heterojunction diodes, which could be ascribed to strong exciton-photon coupling and waveguided nature of the synthesized microbelts. Once the applied bias exceeded the threshold value, an electrically pumped F-P mode lasing behavior could be observed, the lasing peaks centered at 410.5 nm and 450.5 nm respectively, accompanied with a dramatic narrowing of the spectral line-width to be around 1.0 nm emerging on the waveguided emission spectrum. Therefore, the realization of electrically pumped F-P mode lasing using single microbelt based heterojunction diodes opens the door not only to the fabrication of coherent light sources and model systems for waveguided resonators, but also affords a competitive candidate to develop electrically pumped and ultralow threshold polariton lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3888 Dongnanhu Road, Changchun, 130033, China.
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