1
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Jiang J, Li P, Huang J, Deng K, Xiong J, Dao F, Xie J. Preparation of recyclable magnetic palladium nanocatalysts by dispersion strategy based on sodium alginate for reduction of p-nitrophenol and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129100. [PMID: 38176511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Palladium (Pd) has excellent catalytic performance, its application is seriously limited by low atomic utilization and weak recovery capacity. To solve these problems, we report a universal palladium nanocatalysts preparation strategy by taking advantage of the rich chemistry of sodium alginate (SA). SA units not only self-assemble into a cross-linked porous carboxyl and hydroxyl framework but also can coat different substrates. Benefiting from the distinguished chelation of SA, metallic nanocatalysts can be achieved. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, Pd loading on nano-Fe3O4 modified with SA and investigated their catalytic capabilities. The catalyst was Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated by SA film loaded with 0.4 wt% of Pd. It has a particle size around 100 nm and has good superparamagnetism with a saturation strength of 76.26 emu/g. It exhibited good catalytic activity at TOF = 660 h-1 and TOF = 4311 h-1 in typical Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction and the reduction of p-nitrophenol, respectively, and showed appreciable recyclability in the test of recyclability. Thus, our findings demonstrate that recyclable magnetic palladium nanocatalysts have several attractive features, such as easy preparation, outstanding catalytic activity and reusability. This work lays the foundation for the preparation of palladium nanocatalysts and the potential application of SA in the field of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China.
| | - Panyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jiali Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Kuaqian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Fanglin Dao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
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2
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Robinson DB, Sugar JD, Zhou X. 4D STEM Simulation of Defects in Palladium Nanoparticles. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:334-335. [PMID: 37613590 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua D Sugar
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Xiaowang Zhou
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, United States
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3
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Angell DK, Bourgeois B, Vadai M, Dionne JA. Lattice-Resolution, Dynamic Imaging of Hydrogen Absorption into Bimetallic AgPd Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1781-1790. [PMID: 35044151 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Palladium's strong reactivity and absorption affinity to H2 makes it a prime material for hydrogen-based technologies. Alloying of Pd has been used to tune its mechanical stability, catalytic activity, and absorption thermodynamics. However, atomistic mechanisms of hydrogen dissociation and intercalation are informed predominantly by theoretical calculations, owing to the difficulty in imaging dynamic metal-gas interactions at the atomic scale. Here, we use in situ environmental high resolution transmission electron microscopy to directly track the hydrogenation-induced lattice expansion within AgPd triangular nanoprisms. We investigate the thermodynamics of the system at the single particle level and show that, contrary to pure Pd nanoparticles, the AgPd system exhibits α/β coexistence within single crystalline nanoparticles in equilibrium; the nanoparticle system also moves to a solid-solution loading mechanism at lower Ag content than bulk. By tracking the lattice expansion in real time during a phase transition, we see surface-limited β phase growth, as well as rapid reorientation of the α/β interface within individual particles. This secondary rate corresponds to the speed with which the β phase can restructure and, according to our atomistic calculations, emerges from lattice strain minimization. We also observe no preferential nucleation at the sharpest nanoprism corners, contrary to classical nucleation theory. Our results achieve atomic lattice plane resolution─crucial for exploring the role of crystal defects and single atom sites on catalytic hydrogen splitting and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Angell
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Briley Bourgeois
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michal Vadai
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Metzroth LJT, Miller EM, Norman AG, Yazdi S, Carroll GM. Accelerating Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption Rates in Palladium Nanocubes with an Ultrathin Surface Modification. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9131-9137. [PMID: 34676756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the high surface-area-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials to store energy in the form of electrochemical alloys is an exceptionally promising route for achieving high-rate energy storage and delivery. Nanoscale palladium hydride is an excellent model system for understanding how nanoscale-specific properties affect the absorption and desorption of energy carrying equivalents. Hydrogen absorption and desorption in shape-controlled Pd nanostructures does not occur uniformly across the entire nanoparticle surface. Instead, hydrogen absorption and desorption proceed selectively through high-activity sites at the corners and edges. Such a mechanism hinders the hydrogen absorption rates and greatly reduces the benefit of nanoscaling the dimensions of the palladium. To solve this, we modify the surface of palladium with an ultrathin platinum shell. This modification nearly removes the barrier for hydrogen absorption (89 kJ/mol without a Pt shell and 1.8 kJ/mol with a Pt shell) and enables diffusion through the entire Pd/Pt surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J T Metzroth
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew G Norman
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gerard Michael Carroll
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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5
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Koh J, Choi E, Sakaki K, Kim D, Han SM, Kim S, Cho ES. Uncovering the encapsulation effect of reduced graphene oxide sheets on the hydrogen storage properties of palladium nanocubes. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16942-16951. [PMID: 34635893 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04335h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research on solute-induced phase transformation of metal hydride systems have shown the possibility to enhance hydrogen storage properties through novel material design such as nanoconfinement engineering. Nevertheless, the fundamentals of mechanical stress effect on confined Pd nanoparticles remain yet to be elucidated due to the difficulty in linking with hydrogen sorption thermodynamics. Here, a thermodynamic tuning of Pd nanocubes associated with hydrogen sorption as a result of encapsulation by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers is demonstrated. Pd nanocubes are constrained by rGO to such a degree that the chemical potential and the pressure hysteresis of the system during hydrogen sorption drastically change while showing a size dependence. A thorough thermodynamic analysis elucidates the role of constraints on hydrogen uptake and release; despite the nanoscale regime, the thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy and entropy) during phase transition considerably increase, a phenomenon not seen before in unconstrained Pd nanoparticle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunho Choi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kouji Sakaki
- Energy Process Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Seon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Swearer DF, Bourgeois BB, Angell DK, Dionne JA. Advancing Plasmon-Induced Selectivity in Chemical Transformations with Optically Coupled Transmission Electron Microscopy. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3632-3642. [PMID: 34492177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle photocatalysts are essential to processes ranging from chemical production and water purification to air filtration and surgical instrument sterilization. Photochemical reactions are generally mediated by the illumination of metallic and/or semiconducting nanomaterials, which provide the necessary optical absorption, electronic band structure, and surface faceting to drive molecular reactions. However, with reaction efficiency and selectivity dictated by atomic and molecular interactions, imaging and controlling photochemistry at the atomic scale are necessary to both understand reaction mechanisms and to improve nanomaterials for next-generation catalysts. Here, we describe how advances in plasmonics, combined with advances in electron microscopy, particularly optically coupled transmission electron microscopy (OTEM), can be used to image and control light-induced chemical transformations at the nanoscale. We focus on our group's research investigating the interaction between hydrogen gas and Pd nanoparticles, which presents an important model system for understanding both hydrogenation catalysis and hydrogen storage. The studies described in this Account primarily rely on an environmental transmission electron microscope, a tool capable of circumventing traditional TEM's high-vacuum requirements, outfitted with optical sources and detectors to couple light into and out of the microscope. First, we describe the H2 loading kinetics of individual Pd nanoparticles. When confined to sizes of less than ∼100 nm, single-crystalline Pd nanoparticles exhibit coherent phase transformations between the hydrogen-poor α-phase and hydrogen-rich β-phase, as revealed through monitoring the bulk plasmon resonance with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Next, we describe how contrast imaging techniques, such as phase contrast STEM and displaced-aperture dark field, can be employed as real-time techniques to image phase transformations with 100 ms temporal resolution. Studies of multiply twinned Pd nanoparticles and high aspect ratio Pd nanorods demonstrate that internal strain and grain boundaries can lead to partial hydrogenation within individual nanoparticles. Finally, we describe how OTEM can be used to locally probe nanoparticle dynamics under optical excitation and in reactive chemical environments. Under illumination, multicomponent plasmonic photocatalysts consisting of a gold nanoparticle "antenna" and a Pd "reactor" show clear α-phase nucleation in regions close to electromagnetic "hot spots" when near plasmonic antennas. Importantly, these hot spots need not correspond to the traditionally active, energetically preferred sites of catalytic nanoparticles. Nonthermal effects imparted by plasmonic nanoparticles, including electromagnetic field enhancement and plasmon-derived hot carriers, are crucial to explaining the site selectivity observed in PdHx phase transformations under illumination. This Account demonstrates how light can contribute to selective chemical phenomena in plasmonic heterostructures, en route to sustainable, solar-driven chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayne F. Swearer
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Briley B. Bourgeois
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel K. Angell
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Alekseeva S, Strach M, Nilsson S, Fritzsche J, Zhdanov VP, Langhammer C. Grain-growth mediated hydrogen sorption kinetics and compensation effect in single Pd nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5427. [PMID: 34521841 PMCID: PMC8440611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grains constitute the building blocks of polycrystalline materials and their boundaries determine bulk physical properties like electrical conductivity, diffusivity and ductility. However, the structure and evolution of grains in nanostructured materials and the role of grain boundaries in reaction or phase transformation kinetics are poorly understood, despite likely importance in catalysis, batteries and hydrogen energy technology applications. Here we report an investigation of the kinetics of (de)hydriding phase transformations in individual Pd nanoparticles. We find dramatic evolution of single particle grain morphology upon cyclic exposure to hydrogen, which we identify as the reason for the observed rapidly slowing sorption kinetics, and as the origin of the observed kinetic compensation effect. These results shed light on the impact of grain growth on kinetic processes occurring inside nanoparticles, and provide mechanistic insight in the observed kinetic compensation effect. Grains are the building blocks of crystalline solids. Here the authors show how hydrogen-sorption induced grain-growth in Pd nanoparticles slows down the hydrogen sorption kinetics and constitutes the physical origin of corresponding kinetic compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Alekseeva
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michal Strach
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Cai YY, Tauzin LJ, Ostovar B, Lee S, Link S. Light emission from plasmonic nanostructures. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:060901. [PMID: 34391373 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of light emission from metallic nanoparticles has been a subject of debate in recent years. Photoluminescence and electronic Raman scattering mechanisms have both been proposed to explain the observed emission from plasmonic nanostructures. Recent results from Stokes and anti-Stokes emission spectroscopy of single gold nanorods using continuous wave laser excitation carried out in our laboratory are summarized here. We show that varying excitation wavelength and power change the energy distribution of hot carriers and impact the emission spectral lineshape. We then examine the role of interband and intraband transitions in the emission lineshape by varying the particle size. We establish a relationship between the single particle emission quantum yield and its corresponding plasmonic resonance quality factor, which we also tune through nanorod crystallinity. Finally, based on anti-Stokes emission, we extract electron temperatures that further suggest a hot carrier based mechanism. The central role of hot carriers in our systematic study on gold nanorods as a model system supports a Purcell effect enhanced hot carrier photoluminescence mechanism. We end with a discussion on the impact of understanding the light emission mechanism on fields utilizing hot carrier distributions, such as photocatalysis and nanothermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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9
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Suzana AF, Wu L, Assefa TA, Williams BP, Harder R, Cha W, Kuo CH, Tsung CK, Robinson IK. Structure of a seeded palladium nanoparticle and its dynamics during the hydride phase transformation. Commun Chem 2021; 4:64. [PMID: 36697569 PMCID: PMC9814609 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium absorbs large volumetric quantities of hydrogen at room temperature and ambient pressure, making the palladium hydride system a promising candidate for hydrogen storage. Here, we use Bragg coherent diffraction imaging to map the strain associated with defects in three dimensions before and during the hydride phase transformation of an individual octahedral palladium nanoparticle, synthesized using a seed-mediated approach. The displacement distribution imaging unveils the location of the seed nanoparticle in the final nanocrystal. By comparing our experimental results with a finite-element model, we verify that the seed nanoparticle causes a characteristic displacement distribution of the larger nanocrystal. During the hydrogen exposure, the hydride phase is predominantly formed on one tip of the octahedra, where there is a high number of lower coordinated Pd atoms. Our experimental and theoretical results provide an unambiguous method for future structure optimization of seed-mediated nanoparticle growth and in the design of palladium-based hydrogen storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Suzana
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Longlong Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Tadesse A Assefa
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Benjamin P Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Ross Harder
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Wonsuk Cha
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Chun-Hong Kuo
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsung
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Ian K Robinson
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. .,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.
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10
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Ek M, Arnarson L, Georg Moses P, Rasmussen SB, Skoglundh M, Olsson E, Helveg S. Probing surface-sensitive redox properties of VO x/TiO 2 catalyst nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7266-7272. [PMID: 33889890 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Redox processes of oxide materials are fundamental in catalysis. These processes depend on the surface structure and stoichiometry of the oxide and are therefore expected to vary between surface facets. However, there is a lack of direct measurements of redox properties on the nanoscale for analysing the importance of such faceting effects in technical materials. Here, we address the facet-dependent redox properties of vanadium-oxide-covered anatase nanoparticles of relevance to, e.g., selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. The vanadium oxidation states at individual nanoscale facets are resolved in situ under catalytically relevant conditions by combining transmission electron microscopy imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The measurements reveal that vanadium on {001} facets consistently retain higher oxidation states than on {10l} facets. Insight into such structure-sensitivity of surface redox processes opens prospects of tailoring oxide nanoparticles with enhanced catalytic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ek
- Haldor Topsoe A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé 1, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Sytwu K, Vadai M, Hayee F, Angell DK, Dai A, Dixon J, Dionne JA. Driving energetically unfavorable dehydrogenation dynamics with plasmonics. Science 2021; 371:280-283. [PMID: 33446555 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle surface structure and geometry generally dictate where chemical transformations occur, with higher chemical activity at sites with lower activation energies. Here, we show how optical excitation of plasmons enables spatially modified phase transformations, activating otherwise energetically unfavorable sites. We have designed a crossed-bar Au-PdH x antenna-reactor system that localizes electromagnetic enhancement away from the innately reactive PdH x nanorod tips. Using optically coupled in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy, we track the dehydrogenation of individual antenna-reactor pairs with varying optical illumination intensity, wavelength, and hydrogen pressure. Our in situ experiments show that plasmons enable new catalytic sites, including dehydrogenation at the nanorod faces. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that these new nucleation sites are energetically unfavorable in equilibrium and only accessible through tailored plasmonic excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sytwu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michal Vadai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fariah Hayee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel K Angell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jefferson Dixon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Darmadi I, Nugroho FAA, Langhammer C. High-Performance Nanostructured Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensors-Current Limitations and Strategies for Their Mitigation. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3306-3327. [PMID: 33181012 PMCID: PMC7735785 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas is rapidly approaching a global breakthrough as a carbon-free energy vector. In such a hydrogen economy, safety sensors for hydrogen leak detection will be an indispensable element along the entire value chain, from the site of hydrogen production to the point of consumption, due to the high flammability of hydrogen-air mixtures. To stimulate and guide the development of such sensors, industrial and governmental stakeholders have defined sets of strict performance targets, which are yet to be entirely fulfilled. In this Perspective, we summarize recent efforts and discuss research strategies for the development of hydrogen sensors that aim at meeting the set performance goals. In the first part, we describe the state-of-the-art for fast and selective hydrogen sensors at the research level, and we identify nanostructured Pd transducer materials as the common denominator in the best performing solutions. As a consequence, in the second part, we introduce the fundamentals of the Pd-hydrogen interaction to lay the foundation for a detailed discussion of key strategies and Pd-based material design rules necessary for the development of next generation high-performance nanostructured Pd-based hydrogen sensors that are on par with even the most stringent and challenging performance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Darmadi
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ferry Anggoro Ardy Nugroho
- DIFFER
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan
1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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13
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Baaziz W, Valette S, Gay A, Hirlimann C, Ersen O. A New Methodology for Quantifying the Surface Crystallography of Particles from their Tomographic Reconstruction: Application to Pd Nanoparticles Embedded in a Mesoporous Silica Shell. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Baaziz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
| | - Sébastien Valette
- Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS) UMR 5220 – INSERM U1206, Université Lyon 1 – INSA Lyon – Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne 7 Avenue Jean Capelle 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Anne‐Sophie Gay
- IFP Energies Nouvelles (IFPEN) Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Charles Hirlimann
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
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14
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Plessow PN. The transformation of cuboctahedral to icosahedral nanoparticles: atomic structure and dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12939-12945. [PMID: 32478375 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of transition metal nanoparticles from cuboctahedral to icosahedral structures is studied for up to 923 atoms. The atomic structure and temperature dependence of the transition are investigated with a well-defined collective variable. This collective variable describes the folding of the square fcc(100) facets into two triangular facets through a linear combination of the diagonals of all fcc(100) facets of all shells of the particle. Activation barriers are determined through harmonic transition state theory and constrained molecular dynamics simulations based on force field potentials. These calculations predict an activation entropy larger than 1 meV K-1, leading to strongly temperature dependent activation barriers. Density functional theory calculations were additionally performed both as single point calculations and as full optimizations. Cu, Ag, Au and Ni clusters show low barriers for concerted, symmetric transition up to the 309-atomic clusters. In contrast, for Pd, Pt, Rh and Ir higher barriers are required, already for the 147-atomic clusters. With increasing barriers, an asymmetric but still concerted rearrangement becomes energetically more favorable than the fully symmetric transformation. The material-dependence of the transition can be correlated with the melting point of the bulk metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp N Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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15
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Yuan W, Zhu B, Li XY, Hansen TW, Ou Y, Fang K, Yang H, Zhang Z, Wagner JB, Gao Y, Wang Y. Visualizing H2O molecules reacting at TiO2 active sites with transmission electron microscopy. Science 2020; 367:428-430. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging a reaction taking place at the molecular level could provide direct information for understanding the catalytic reaction mechanism. We used in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy and a nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide (001) surface with (1 × 4) reconstruction as a catalyst, which provided highly ordered four-coordinated titanium “active rows” to realize real-time monitoring of water molecules dissociating and reacting on the catalyst surface. The twin-protrusion configuration of adsorbed water was observed. During the water–gas shift reaction, dynamic changes in these structures were visualized on these active rows at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Thomas W. Hansen
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yang Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Ke Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
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16
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Trindell JA, Duan Z, Henkelman G, Crooks RM. Well-Defined Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts for the Refinement of Theory. Chem Rev 2019; 120:814-850. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Trindell
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Zhiyao Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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17
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Wang T, Xu Y, Yang J, Ju X, Ding W, Zhu Y. Predictable Catalysis of Electron‐Rich Palladium Catalyst toward Aldehydes Hydrogenation. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yida Xu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Xuehai Ju
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P. R. China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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18
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Johnson NJJ, Lam B, MacLeod BP, Sherbo RS, Moreno-Gonzalez M, Fork DK, Berlinguette CP. Facets and vertices regulate hydrogen uptake and release in palladium nanocrystals. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:454-458. [PMID: 30858567 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystal facets, vertices and edges govern the energy landscape of metal surfaces and thus the chemical interactions on the surface1,2. The facile absorption and desorption of hydrogen at a palladium surface provides a useful platform for defining how metal-solute interactions impact properties relevant to energy storage, catalysis and sensing3-5. Recent advances in in operando and in situ techniques have enabled the phase transitions of single palladium nanocrystals to be temporally and spatially tracked during hydrogen absorption6-11. We demonstrate herein that in situ X-ray diffraction can be used to track both hydrogen absorption and desorption in palladium nanocrystals. This ensemble measurement enabled us to delineate distinctive absorption and desorption mechanisms for nanocrystals containing exclusively (111) or (100) facets. We show that the rate of hydrogen absorption is higher for those nanocrystals containing a higher number of vertices, consistent with hydrogen absorption occurring quickly after β-phase nucleation at lattice-strained vertices9,10. Tracking hydrogen desorption revealed initial desorption rates to be nearly tenfold faster for samples with (100) facets, presumably due to the faster recombination of surface hydrogen atoms. These results inspired us to make nanocrystals with a high number of vertices and (100) facets, which were found to accommodate fast hydrogen uptake and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin P MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca S Sherbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marta Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Curtis P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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19
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In-situ electron microscopy mapping of an order-disorder transition in a superionic conductor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1505. [PMID: 30944324 PMCID: PMC6447557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-solid phase transitions are processes ripe for the discovery of correlated atomic motion in crystals. Here, we monitor an order-disorder transition in real-time in nanoparticles of the super-ionic solid, Cu2-xSe. The use of in-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy allows the spatiotemporal evolution of the phase transition within a single nanoparticle to be monitored at the atomic level. The high spatial resolution reveals that cation disorder is nucleated at low co-ordination, high energy sites of the nanoparticle where cationic vacancy layers intersect with surface facets. Time-dependent evolution of the reciprocal lattice of individual nanoparticles shows that the initiation of cation disorder is accompanied by a ~3% compression of the anionic lattice, establishing a correlation between these two structural features of the lattice. The spatiotemporal insights gained here advance understanding of order-disorder transitions, ionic structure and transport, and the role of nanoparticle surfaces in phase transitions.
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