1
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Zhou Z. Natural tristability of a confined helical filament with anisotropic bending rigidities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13927. [PMID: 38886502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We find that whenc 0 R ∼ 0.5 andτ 0 R < 0.11 < c 0 R , confining a helical filament with anisotropic bending rigidities within a cylindrical tube of radius R can create a natural tristable status which is consisted of two low-pitch helices and one high-pitch helix, where a helical filament is referred to as a filament that has both an intrinsic curvature ( c 0 ) and an intrinsic twist rate ( τ 0 ). The formation of the tristable status also requires that the filament has a significant difference between two bending rigidities and a large twisting rigidity. The relative heights of two low-pitch helices in a tristable status are close to zero, and the smaller the intrinsic twisting angle, the smaller the difference between these two heights. Moreover, at a large intrinsic twisting angle, two low-pitch helices display a large energy difference, and the energy difference increases with decreasing τ 0 . Meanwhile, the relative height of the high-pitch helix is always close to that of a straight line. Finally, at some specific intrinsic parameters, the tristable status can include an isoenergic status with two helices of the same energy but distinct pitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Tang J, Liang H, Ren A, Ma L, Hao W, Yao Y, Zheng L, Li H, Li Q. Mechanical Performance of Copper-Nanocluster-Polymer Nanolattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400080. [PMID: 38553432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A type of copper-nanocluster-polymer composites is reported and showcased that their 3D nanolattices exhibit a superior combination of high strength, toughness, deformability, resilience, and damage-tolerance. Notably, the strength and toughness of ultralight copper-nanocluster-polymer nanolattices in some cases surpass current best performers, including alumina, nickel, and other ceramic or metallic lattices at low densities. Additionally, copper-nanocluster-polymer nanolattices are super-resilient, crack-resistant, and one-step printed under ambient condition which can be easily integrated into sophisticated microsystems as highly effective internal protectors. The findings suggest that, unlike traditional nanocomposites, the laser-induced interface and the high fraction of ultrasmall Cu15 nanoclusters as crosslinking junctions contribute to the marked nonlinear elasticity of copper-nanocluster-polymer network, which synergizes with the lattice-topology effect and culminates in the exceptional mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Heyi Liang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - An Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuqing Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Letian Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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3
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Zou G, Sow CH, Wang Z, Chen X, Gao H. Mechanomaterials and Nanomechanics: Toward Proactive Design of Material Properties and Functionalities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11492-11502. [PMID: 38676670 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
While conventional mechanics of materials offers a passive understanding of the mechanical properties of materials in existing forms, a paradigm shift, referred to as mechanomaterials, is emerging to enable the proactive programming of materials' properties and functionalities by leveraging force-geometry-property relationships. One of the foundations of this new paradigm is nanomechanics, which permits functional and structural materials to be designed based on principles from the nanoscale and beyond. Although the field of mechanomaterials is still in its infancy at the present time, we discuss the current progress in three specific directions closely linked to nanomechanics and provide perspectives on these research foci by considering the potential research directions, chances for success, and existing research capabilities. We believe this new research paradigm will provide future materials solutions for infrastructure, healthcare, energy, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijin Zou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chorng Haur Sow
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Zhisong Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Mechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Liu C, Pham MS. Spatially Programmable Architected Materials Inspired by the Metallurgical Phase Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305846. [PMID: 37714519 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmable architected materials with the capabilities of precisely storing predefined mechanical behaviors and adaptive deformation responses upon external stimulations are desirable to help increase the performance and the organic integration of materials with surrounding environments. Here, a new approach inspired by the physical metallurgical principles is proposed to allow the materials designers to not only enhance the global strength but also precisely tune mechanical properties (such as strength, modulus, and plastic deformation) locally in architected materials to create a new class of intelligent mechanical metamaterials. Such programmable materials not only have high strength and plastic deformation stability but also the ability to regulate the local deformation states and spatially control the internal propagation of deformation. This innovative approach also provides new and effective ways to enhance the adaptivity of the materials thanks to responsive strengths that not only make the materials increasingly stronger but also allow threshold-based adaptive responses to external loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Minh-Son Pham
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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5
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Mahmood A, Perveen F, Chen S, Akram T, Irfan A. Polymer Composites in 3D/4D Printing: Materials, Advances, and Prospects. Molecules 2024; 29:319. [PMID: 38257232 PMCID: PMC10818632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing, has revolutionized the manufacturing landscape by enabling the intricate layer-by-layer construction of three-dimensional objects. In contrast to traditional methods relying on molds and tools, AM provides the flexibility to fabricate diverse components directly from digital models without the need for physical alterations to machinery. Four-dimensional printing is a revolutionary extension of 3D printing that introduces the dimension of time, enabling dynamic transformations in printed structures over predetermined periods. This comprehensive review focuses on polymeric materials in 3D printing, exploring their versatile processing capabilities, environmental adaptability, and applications across thermoplastics, thermosetting materials, elastomers, polymer composites, shape memory polymers (SMPs), including liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), and self-healing polymers for 4D printing. This review also examines recent advancements in microvascular and encapsulation self-healing mechanisms, explores the potential of supramolecular polymers, and highlights the latest progress in hybrid printing using polymer-metal and polymer-ceramic composites. Finally, this paper offers insights into potential challenges faced in the additive manufacturing of polymer composites and suggests avenues for future research in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaz Mahmood
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China;
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
- Dongguan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shenggui Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China;
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
- Dongguan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tayyaba Akram
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Li F, Liu SF, Liu W, Hou ZW, Jiang J, Fu Z, Wang S, Si Y, Lu S, Zhou H, Liu D, Tian X, Qiu H, Yang Y, Li Z, Li X, Lin L, Sun HB, Zhang H, Li J. 3D printing of inorganic nanomaterials by photochemically bonding colloidal nanocrystals. Science 2023; 381:1468-1474. [PMID: 37769102 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of inorganic materials with nanoscale resolution offers a different materials processing pathway to explore devices with emergent functionalities. However, existing technologies typically involve photocurable resins that reduce material purity and degrade properties. We develop a general strategy for laser direct printing of inorganic nanomaterials, as exemplified by more than 10 semiconductors, metal oxides, metals, and their mixtures. Colloidal nanocrystals are used as building blocks and photochemically bonded through their native ligands. Without resins, this bonding process produces arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) structures with a large inorganic mass fraction (~90%) and high mechanical strength. The printed materials preserve the intrinsic properties of constituent nanocrystals and create structure-dictated functionalities, such as the broadband chiroptical responses with an anisotropic factor of ~0.24 for semiconducting cadmium chalcogenide nanohelical arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Shao-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yilong Si
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengcao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Sadek H, Siddique SK, Wang CW, Chiu PT, Lee CC, Ho RM. Starfish-Inspired Diamond-Structured Calcite Single Crystals from a Bottom-up Approach as Mechanical Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15678-15686. [PMID: 37387522 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by knobby starfish, this work demonstrates a bottom-up approach for fabricating a calcite single-crystal (CSC) with a diamond structure by exploiting the self-assembly of the block copolymer and corresponding templated synthesis. Similar to the knobby starfish, the diamond structure of the CSC gives rise to a brittle-to-ductile transition. Most interestingly, the diamond-structured CSC fabricated exhibits exceptional specific energy absorption and strength with lightweight character superior to natural materials and artificial counterparts from a top-down approach due to the nanosized effect. This approach provides the feasibility for creating mechanical metamaterials with the combined effects of the topology and nanosize on the mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Suhail K Siddique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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8
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Li Z, Li X, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhai W. Interpenetrating Hollow Microlattice Metamaterial Enables Efficient Sound-Absorptive and Deformation-Recoverable Capabilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24868-24879. [PMID: 37086187 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the pervasive noise and crash hazards, tough microlattices with sound absorption capabilities are sought-after. However, typical truss microlattices are unable to fulfill this requirement. To overcome this, herein, we report a new design strategy for truss microlattices via introducing the concept of interpenetrating hollow struts, which thereby constitutes a novel interpenetrating hollow microlattice metamaterial (IHMM). The design is based on interweaved unit cells of a hollow octet-truss (HOT) and a hollow rhombic dodecahedron-like (HRDL) truss. Experimentally demonstrated, the IHMM displays a synergistic gain in both sound absorption and mechanical properties that substantially surpass that of its constituent lattices. High sound absorption coefficients (α > 0.99) and broad half-absorption (3.2 kHz) are observed, with the average α being 110.6 and 85.3% higher than those of the HOT and HRDL, respectively. The sound absorption mechanism is attributed to the presence of cascaded Helmholtz resonance, which is then fully elucidated by impedance and damping analyses. The IHMM also outperforms its constituents in specific strength. A simultaneous high strength (4 MPa) and recoverability (80% strain) and pseudo-reusability are also observed. The mechanisms behind the mechanical reinforcement and exceptional robustness are thoroughly revealed. Overall, this work offers insights into developing multifunctional engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Li
- School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonggang Wang
- School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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9
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Kuo SY, Kao WP, Chang SH, Shen TE, Yeh JW, Tsai CW. Effect of Homogenization on the Transformation Temperatures and Mechanical Properties of Cu 15Ni 35Hf 12.5Ti 25Zr 12.5 and Cu 15Ni 35Hf 15Ti 20Zr 15 High-Entropy Shape Memory Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3212. [PMID: 37110057 PMCID: PMC10143743 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The major challenge of high-temperature shape memory alloys (SMAs) is the collocation of phase transition temperatures (TTs: Ms, Mf, As, Af) with the mechanical properties required for application. Previous research has shown that the addition of Hf and Zr into NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) increases TTs. Modulating the ratio of Hf and Zr can control the phase transformation temperature, and applying thermal treatments can also achieve the same goal. However, the influence of thermal treatments and precipitates on mechanical properties has not been widely discussed in previous studies. In this study, we prepared two different kinds of shape memory alloys and analyzed their phase transformation temperatures after homogenization. Homogenization successfully eliminated dendrites and inter-dendrites in the as-cast states, resulting in a reduction in the phase transformation temperatures. XRD patterns indicated the presence of B2 peaks in the as-homogenized states, demonstrating a decrease in phase transformation temperatures. Mechanical properties, such as elongation and hardness, were improved due to the uniform microstructures achieved after homogenization. Moreover, we discovered that different additions of Hf and Zr resulted in distinct properties. Alloys with lower Hf and Zr had lower phase transformation temperatures, followed by higher fracture stress and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pin Kao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hsiu Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ting-En Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Wei Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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10
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Su R, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang W, Li Y, He R, Fang D. 3D-Printed Micro/Nano-Scaled Mechanical Metamaterials: Fundamentals, Technologies, Progress, Applications, and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206391. [PMID: 37026433 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials have attracted extensive attention in various fields attributed to their superior properties benefiting from their rationally designed micro/nano-structures. As one of the most advanced technologies in the 21st century, additive manufacturing (3D printing) opens an easier and faster path for fabricating micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials with complex structures. Here, the size effect of metamaterials at micro/nano scales is introduced first. Then, the additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate mechanical metamaterials at micro/nano scales are introduced. The latest research progress on micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials is also reviewed according to the type of materials. In addition, the structural and functional applications of micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials are further summarized. Finally, the challenges, including advanced 3D printing technologies, novel material development, and innovative structural design, for micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials are discussed, and future perspectives are provided. The review aims to provide insight into the research and development of 3D-printed micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Rujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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11
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Bian Y, Wang R, Yang F, Li P, Song Y, Feng J, Wu W, Li Z, Lu Y. Mechanical Properties of Internally Hierarchical Multiphase Lattices Inspired by Precipitation Strengthening Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15928-15937. [PMID: 36795543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In metal metallurgy, precipitation strengthening is widely used to increase material strength by utilizing the impediment effect of the second-phase particles on dislocation movements. Inspired by this mechanism, in this paper, novel multiphase heterogeneous lattice materials are developed with enhanced mechanical properties utilizing a similar hindering effect of second-phase lattice cells on the shear band propagation. For this purpose, biphase and triphase lattice samples are fabricated using high-speed multi jet fusion (MJF) and digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing techniques, and a parametric study is carried out to investigate their mechanical properties. Different from the conventional random distribution, the second-phase and third-phase cells in this work are continuously distributed along the regular pattern of a larger-scale lattice to form internal hierarchical lattice structures. The results show that the triphase lattices possess balanced mechanical properties. Interestingly, this indicates that introducing a relatively weak phase also has the potential to improve the stiffness and plateau stress, which is distinct from the common mixed rule. This work is aimed at providing new references for the heterogeneous lattice design with outstanding mechanical properties through material microstructure inspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Bian
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruicheng Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Puhao Li
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yicheng Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiemin Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenwang Wu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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12
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Mechanical metamaterials made of freestanding quasi-BCC nanolattices of gold and copper with ultra-high energy absorption capacity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1243. [PMID: 36871035 PMCID: PMC9985601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanolattices exhibit attractive mechanical properties such as high strength, high specific strength, and high energy absorption. However, at present, such materials cannot achieve effective fusion of the above properties and scalable production, which hinders their applications in energy conversion and other fields. Herein, we report gold and copper quasi-body centered cubic (quasi-BCC) nanolattices with the diameter of the nanobeams as small as 34 nm. We show that the compressive yield strengths of quasi-BCC nanolattices even exceed those of their bulk counterparts, despite their relative densities below 0.5. Simultaneously, these quasi-BCC nanolattices exhibit ultrahigh energy absorption capacities, i.e., 100 ± 6 MJ m-3 for gold quasi-BCC nanolattice and 110 ± 10 MJ m-3 for copper quasi-BCC nanolattice. Finite element simulations and theoretical calculations reveal that the deformation of quasi-BCC nanolattice is dominated by nanobeam bending. And the anomalous energy absorption capacities substantially stem from the synergy of the naturally high mechanical strength and plasticity of metals, the size reduction-induced mechanical enhancement, and the quasi-BCC nanolattice architecture. Since the sample size can be scaled up to macroscale at high efficiency and affordable cost, the quasi-BCC nanolattices with ultrahigh energy absorption capacity reported in this work may find great potentials in heat transfer, electric conduction, catalysis applications.
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Feltrin AC, Xing Q, Akinwekomi AD, Waseem OA, Akhtar F. Review of Novel High-Entropy Protective Materials: Wear, Irradiation, and Erosion Resistance Properties. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 25:e25010073. [PMID: 36673214 PMCID: PMC9858003 DOI: 10.3390/e25010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
By their unique compositions and microstructures, recently developed high-entropy materials (HEMs) exhibit outstanding properties and performance above the threshold of traditional materials. Wear- and erosion-resistant materials are of significant interest for different applications, such as industrial devices, aerospace materials, and military equipment, related to their capability to tolerate heavy loads during sliding, rolling, or impact events. The high-entropy effect and crystal lattice distortion are attributed to higher hardness and yield stress, promoting increased wear and erosion resistance in HEMs. In addition, HEMs have higher defect formation/migration energies that inhibit the formation of defect clusters, making them resistant to structural damage after radiation. Hence, they are sought after in the nuclear and aerospace industries. The concept of high-entropy, applied to protective materials, has enhanced the properties and performance of HEMs. Therefore, they are viable candidates for today's demanding protective materials for wear, erosion, and irradiation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Feltrin
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Qiuwei Xing
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | | | - Owais Ahmed Waseem
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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14
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Sadek H, K Siddique S, Wang CW, Lee CC, Chang SY, Ho RM. Bioinspired Nanonetwork Hydroxyapatite from Block Copolymer Templated Synthesis for Mechanical Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18298-18306. [PMID: 36264050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by Mantis shrimp, this work aims to suggest a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of nanonetwork hydroxyapatite (HAp) thin film using self-assembled polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) block copolymer (BCP) with a diamond nanostructure as a template for templated sol-gel reaction. By introducing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) into precursors of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and triethyl phosphite, which limits the growth of forming HAp nanoparticles, well-ordered nanonetwork HAp thin film can be fabricated. Based on nanoindentation results, the well-ordered nanonetwork HAp shows high energy dissipation compared to the intrinsic HAp. Moreover, the uniaxial microcompression test for the nanonetwork HAp shows high energy absorption per volume and high compression strength, outperforming many cellular materials due to the topologic effect of the well-ordered network at the nanoscale. This work highlights the potential of exploiting BCP templated synthesis to fabricate ionic solid materials with a well-ordered nanonetwork monolith, giving rise to the brittle-to-ductile transition, and thus appealing mechanical properties with the character of mechanical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Suhail K Siddique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yi Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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15
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Li Q, Kulikowski J, Doan D, Tertuliano OA, Zeman CJ, Wang MM, Schatz GC, Gu XW. Mechanical nanolattices printed using nanocluster-based photoresists. Science 2022; 378:768-773. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abo6997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural materials exhibit emergent mechanical properties as a result of their nanoarchitected, nanocomposite structures with optimized hierarchy, anisotropy, and nanoporosity. Fabrication of such complex systems is currently challenging because high-quality three-dimensional (3D) nanoprinting is mostly limited to simple, homogeneous materials. We report a strategy for the rapid nanoprinting of complex structural nanocomposites using metal nanoclusters. These ultrasmall, quantum-confined nanoclusters function as highly sensitive two-photon activators and simultaneously serve as precursors for mechanical reinforcements and nanoscale porogens. Nanocomposites with complex 3D architectures are printed, as well as structures with tunable, hierarchical, and anisotropic nanoporosity. Nanocluster-polymer nanolattices exhibit high specific strength, energy absorption, deformability, and recoverability. This framework provides a generalizable, versatile approach for the use of photoactive nanomaterials in additive manufacturing of complex systems with emergent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Kulikowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Doan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ottman A. Tertuliano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles J. Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Melody M. Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - X. Wendy Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Pavithra CLP, Dey SR. Advances on multi‐dimensional high‐entropy alloy nanoarchitectures: Unconventional strategies and prospects. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chokkakula L. P. Pavithra
- Combinatorial Materials Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Suhash Ranjan Dey
- Combinatorial Materials Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
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Wu H, Chen J, Duan K, Zhu M, Hou Y, Zhou J, Ren Y, Jiang H, Fan R, Lu Y. Three Dimensional Printing of Bioinspired Crossed-Lamellar Metamaterials with Superior Toughness for Syntactic Foam Substitution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42504-42512. [PMID: 36084147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials such as conch shells with crossed-lamellar textures hold impressive mechanical properties due to their capability to realize effective crack control and energy dissipation through the structural synergy of interfacial modulus mismatch and lamellar orientation disparity. Integrating this mechanism with mechanical metamaterial design can not only avoid the catastrophic post-yield stress drop found in traditional architectural materials with uniform lattice structures but also effectively maintain the stress level and improve the energy absorption ability. Herein, a novel bioinspired design strategy that combines regional particularity and overall cyclicity is proposed to innovate the connotation of long-range periodicity inside the metamaterial, in which the node constraint gradient and crossed-lamellar struts corresponding to the core features of conch shells are able to guide the deformation sequence with a self-strengthening response during compression. Detailed in situ experiments and finite element analysis confirm that the rotated broad layer stacking can shorten and impede the shear bands, further transforming the deformation of bioinspired metamaterial into a progressive, hierarchical way, highlighted by the cross-layer hysteresis. Even based on a brittle polymeric resin, excellent specific energy absorption capacity [4544 kJ/kg] has been achieved in this architecture, which far exceeds the reported metal-based syntactic foams for two orders of magnitude. These results offer new opportunities for the bioinspired metamaterials to substitute the widespread syntactic foams in specific applications required for both lightweight and energy absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Juzheng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ke Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengya Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingzhuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Nanomanufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Abstract
Recent developments in mechanical metamaterials exemplify a new paradigm shift called mechanomaterials, in which mechanical forces and designed geometries are proactively deployed to program material properties at multiple scales. Here, we designed shell-based micro-/nanolattices with I-WP (Schoen's I-graph-wrapped package) and Neovius minimal surface topologies. Following the designed topologies, polymeric microlattices were fabricated via projection microstereolithography or two-photon lithography, and pyrolytic carbon nanolattices were created through two-photon lithography and subsequent pyrolysis. The shell thickness of created lattice metamaterials varies over three orders of magnitude from a few hundred nanometers to a few hundred micrometers, covering a wider range of relative densities than most plate-based micro-/nanolattices. In situ compression tests showed that the measured modulus and strength of our shell-based micro-/nanolattices with I-WP topology are superior to those of the optimized plate-based lattices with cubic and octet plate unit cells and truss-based lattices. More strikingly, when the density is larger than 0.53 g cm-3, the strength of shell-based pyrolytic carbon nanolattices with I-WP topology was found to achieve its theoretical limit. In addition, our shell-based carbon nanolattices exhibited an ultrahigh strength of 3.52 GPa, an ultralarge fracture strain of 23%, and an ultrahigh specific strength of 4.42 GPa g-1 cm3, surpassing all previous micro-/nanolattices at comparable densities. These unprecedented properties can be attributed to the designed topologies inducing relatively uniform strain energy distributions and avoiding stress concentrations as well as the nanoscale feature size. Our study demonstrates a mechanomaterial route to design and synthesize micro-/nanoarchitected materials.
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang X, Tao M, Dai G, Wu J, Miao Z, Han S, Yu H, Lin X. Design of coherent wideband radiation process in a Nd 3+-doped high entropy glass system. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:181. [PMID: 35701403 PMCID: PMC9197846 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We discover that the spatially coherent radiation within a certain frequency range can be obtained without a common nonlinear optical process. Conventionally, the emission spectra were obtained by de-exciting excited centers from real excited energy levels to the ground state. Our findings are achieved by deploying a high-entropy glass system (HEGS) doped with neodymium ions. The HEGS exhibits a much broader infrared absorption than common glass systems, which can be attributed to be high-frequency optical branch phonons or allowable multi-phonon processes caused by phonon broadening in the system. A broadened phonon-assisted wideband radiation (BPAWR) is induced if the pump laser is absorbed by the system. The subsequent low-threshold self-absorption coherence modulation (SACM) can be controlled by changing excitation wavelengths, sample size, and doping concentrations. The SACM can be red-shifted through the emission of phonons of the excited species and be blue-shifted by absorbing phonons before they are de-excited. There is a time delay up to 1.66 ns between the pump pulse and the BPAWR when measured after traveling through a 35 mm long sample, which is much longer than the Raman process. The BPAWR-SACM can amplify the centered non-absorption band with a gain up to 26.02 dB. These results reveal that the shift of the novel radiation is determined by the frequency of the non-absorption band near the absorption region, and therefore the emission shifts can be modulated by changing the absorption spectrum. When used in fiber lasers, the BPAWR-SACM process may help to achieve tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Zhang
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Synlumin Conuninex (Shanghai) Enterprise Development Co., Ltd., 201401 Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Tao
- Time-wave-space Optical Technology (Xiaogan) Co., Ltd., 432012 Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Gangtao Dai
- High-dimensional Plasma Sources Technology (Xiaogan) Co., Ltd., 432012 Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Time-wave-space Optical Technology (Xiaogan) Co., Ltd., 432012 Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangwang Miao
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Shifei Han
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Haijuan Yu
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Lin
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China.
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20
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Ye J, Liu L, Oakdale J, Lefebvre J, Bhowmick S, Voisin T, Roehling JD, Smith WL, Cerón MR, van Ham J, Bayu Aji LB, Biener MM, Wang YM, Onck PR, Biener J. Ultra-low-density digitally architected carbon with a strutted tube-in-tube structure. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1498-1505. [PMID: 34697430 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials with engineered stretching-dominated lattice designs, which offer attractive mechanical properties with ultra-light weight and large surface area for wide-ranging applications, have recently achieved near-ideal linear scaling between stiffness and density. Here, rather than optimizing the microlattice topology, we explore a different approach to strengthen low-density structural materials by designing tube-in-tube beam structures. We develop a process to transform fully dense, three-dimensional printed polymeric beams into graphitic carbon hollow tube-in-tube sandwich morphologies, where, similar to grass stems, the inner and outer tubes are connected through a network of struts. Compression tests and computational modelling show that this change in beam morphology dramatically slows down the decrease in stiffness with decreasing density. In situ pillar compression experiments further demonstrate large deformation recovery after 30-50% compression and high specific damping merit index. Our strutted tube-in-tube design opens up the space and realizes highly desirable high modulus-low density and high modulus-high damping material structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ye
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | - Ling Liu
- Micromechanics of Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - James Oakdale
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Voisin
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - John D Roehling
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - William L Smith
- Materials Engineering Division, Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Maira R Cerón
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jip van Ham
- Micromechanics of Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Leonardus Bimo Bayu Aji
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Monika M Biener
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Y Morris Wang
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick R Onck
- Micromechanics of Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Juergen Biener
- Materials Science Division, Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
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Li X, Yu X, Zhai W. Additively Manufactured Deformation-Recoverable and Broadband Sound-Absorbing Microlattice Inspired by the Concept of Traditional Perforated Panels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104552. [PMID: 34532911 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Noise pollution is a highly detrimental daily health hazard. Sound absorbers, such as the traditionally used perforated panels, find widespread applications. Nonetheless, modern product designs call for material novelties with enhanced performance and multifunctionality. The advent of additive manufacturing has brought about the possibilities of functional materials design to be based on structures rather than chemistry. With this in mind, herein, the traditional concept of perforated panels is revisited and is incorporated with additive manufacturing for the development of a novel microlattice-based sound absorber with additional impact resistance multifunctionality. The structurally optimized microlattice presents excellent broadband absorption with an averaged experimental absorption coefficient of 0.77 across a broad frequency range from 1000 to 6300 Hz. Extensive simulation and experiments reveal absorption mechanisms to be based on viscous flow, thermal and structural damping dissipations while broadband capabilities to be on multiple resonance modes working in tandem. High deformation recovery up to 30% strain is also possible from the strut-based design and viscoelasticity of the base material. Overall, the excellent properties of the microlattice overcome tradeoffs commonly found in conventional absorbers. Additionally, this work aims to present a new paradigm: revisiting old concepts for the developments of novel materials using contemporary methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiang Yu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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Guo T, Wu L, Li T. Machine Learning Accelerated, High Throughput, Multi-Objective Optimization of Multiprincipal Element Alloys. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102972. [PMID: 34524736 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs) have gained surging interest due to their exceptional properties unprecedented in traditional alloys. However, identifying an MPEA with desired properties from a huge compositional space via a cost-effective design remains a grand challenge. To address this challenge, the authors present a highly efficient design strategy of MPEAs through a coherent integration of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, machine learning (ML) algorithms, and genetic algorithm (GA). The ML model can be effectively trained from 54 MD simulations to predict the stiffness and critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of CoNiCrFeMn alloys with a relative error of 2.77% and 2.17%, respectively, with a 12 600-fold reduction of computation time. Furthermore, by combining the highly efficient ML model and a multi-objective GA, one can predict 100 optimal compositions of CoNiCrFeMn alloys with simultaneous high stiffness and CRSS, as verified by 100 000 ML-accelerated predictions. The highly efficient and precise design strategy can be readily adapted to identify MPEAs of other principal elements and thus substantially accelerate the discovery of other high-performance MPEA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lianping Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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The origin of the boundary strengthening in polycrystal-inspired architected materials. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4600. [PMID: 34326323 PMCID: PMC8322276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal-inspired approach is found to be highly successful in designing extraordinarily damage-tolerant architected materials. i.e. meta-crystals, necessitating in-depth fundamental studies to reveal the underlying mechanisms responsible for the strengthening in meta-crystals. Such understanding will enable greater confidence to control not only strength, but also spatial local deformation. In this study, the mechanisms underlying shear band activities were investigated and discussed to provide a solid basis for predicting and controlling the local deformation behaviour in meta-crystals. The boundary strengthening in polycrystal-like meta-crystals was found to relate to the interaction between shear bands and polygrain-like boundaries. More importantly, the boundary type and coherency were found to be influential as they govern the transmission of shear bands across meta-grains boundaries. The obtained insights in this study provide crucial knowledge in developing high strength architected materials with great capacity in controlling and programming the mechanical strength and damage path. Polycrystal-inspired architected materials are found to be high strength and damage tolerant. Here, the authors conduct in-depth work to unravel the mechanism responsible for the hardening phenomenon, in particular the role of polygrain-like boundary in the post-yield shear band activities.
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24
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Qu YN, Wu JM, Zhang S, Yang J. Three-Dimensional Reticulated, Spongelike, Resilient Aerogels Assembled by SiC/Si 3N 4 Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4167-4175. [PMID: 34000191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For nanofibrous aerogels, a three-dimensional porous structure with interwoven nanofibers as a pore wall has become an urgent demand, and it remains to be a challenge to ensure the mechanical stability and thermal insulation. Other than the reported nanofiber as raw materials to generate three-dimensional cellular nanofibrous aerogels, an alternative low-cost and facile procedure has been proposed here via tactfully utilizing polymer sponge as a template attached with reactive particles, followed by a carbothermal reduction process to realize nanowire growth and their replacement of the original framework. The resulting spongy aerogels with numerous interlaced SiC/Si3N4 nanowires as a skeleton exhibit an ultrahigh porosity of 99.79%. Meanwhile, compressive elasticity after a compression at strain of 35% for 400 cycles, a low thermal conductivity of 23.19 mW/(m K), an excellent absorption capacity of 33.9-95.3 times for varied organic solvents removal, along with flexibility in shape design favored by the initial organic sponge make this nanofibrous aerogel an ideal material for heat shielding, absorption, or catalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ya-Nan Qu
- Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shengen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Pan Z, Guan Y, Liu Y, Cheng F. Facile fabrication of hydrophobic and underwater superoleophilic elastic and mechanical robust graphene/PDMS sponge for oil/water separation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bae G, Jang D, Jeon S. Scalable Fabrication of High-Performance Thin-Shell Oxide Nanoarchitected Materials via Proximity-Field Nanopatterning. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3960-3970. [PMID: 33591718 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitected materials are considered as a promising research field, deriving distinctive mechanical properties by combining nanomechanical size effects with conventional structural engineering. Despite the successful demonstration of the superiority and feasibility of nanoarchitected materials, scalable and facile fabrication techniques capable of macroscopically producing such materials at a low cost are required to take advantage of the nanoarchitected materials for specific applications. Unlike conventional techniques, proximity-field nanopatterning (PnP) is capable of simultaneously obtaining high spatial resolution and mass producibility in synthesizing such nanoarchitected materials in the form of an inch-scale film. Herein, we focus on the feasibility of using PnP as a scalable fabrication technique for three-dimensional nanostructures and the superiority of the resultant thin-shell oxide nanoarchitected materials for specific applications, such as lightweight structural materials, mechanically robust nanocomposites, and high-performance piezoelectric materials. This review will discuss and summarize the relevant results obtained for nanoarchitected materials synthesized by PnP and provide suggestions for future research directions for scalable manufacturing and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangmin Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Jang
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Zhang W, Chen J, Li X, Lu Y. Liquid Metal-Polymer Microlattice Metamaterials with High Fracture Toughness and Damage Recoverability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004190. [PMID: 33103341 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials exhibit excellent fracture toughness due to their ability to dissipate energy during crack propagating through the combination of various constituents with different stiffnesses. Replicating this mechanism in engineering materials is important in mechanical systems and emerging applications such as flexible electronics and soft robotics. Here a novel liquid metal (LM)-filled polymer microlattice metamaterial, fabricated by projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL) 3D printing and vacuum filling of gallium (Ga), exhibiting high fracture toughness of 0.8 MJ m-3 , is reported. Moreover, the LM metamaterials demonstrate shape memory effect and even essentially recover its original shape upon severe fractures. These unique features arise from the tunable properties of gallium at a relatively low temperature range. The result offers new insights into design and manufacturing mechanical metamaterials with tunable properties and high recoverability for soft robots, flexible electronics, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Juzheng Chen
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Ding B, Li X. Design, Fabrication, and Mechanics of 3D Micro-/Nanolattices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902842. [PMID: 31483576 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, lattice materials have been developed and used as engineering materials for lightweight and stiff industrial structures. Recent advances in additive manufacturing techniques have prompted the emergence of architected materials with minimum characteristic sizes ranging from several micrometers to hundreds of nanometers. Taking advantage of the topological design, structural optimization, and size effects of nanomaterials, various 3D micro-/nanolattice materials composed of different materials exhibit combinations of superior mechanical properties, such as low density, high strength (even approaching the theoretical limits), large deformability, good recoverability, and flaw tolerance. As a result, some micro-/nanolattices occupy an unprecedented area in Ashby charts with a combination of different material properties. Here, recent advances in the fabrication and mechanics of micro-/nanolattices are described. First, various design principles and advanced techniques used for the fabrication of micro-/nanolattices are summarized. Then, the mechanical behaviors and properties of micro-/nanolattices are further described, including the compressive Young's modulus, strength, energy absorption, recoverability, and tensile behavior, with an emphasis on mechanistic insights and origins. Finally, the main challenges in the fabrication and mechanics of micro-/nanolattices are addressed and an outlook for further investigations and potential applications of micro-/nanolattices in the future is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Ratzan RM. Frankenstein in the Emergency Department: Doctors, Monsters, Ambition, Progress, and Their Trade-off. J Emerg Med 2020; 58:698-702. [PMID: 31780183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Ratzan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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30
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Feng X, Fan S, Meng F, Surjadi JU, Cao K, Liao W, Lu Y. Effect of Zr addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiZrx high-entropy alloy thin films. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
A long-standing challenge in modern materials manufacturing and design has been to create porous materials that are simultaneously lightweight, strong, stiff, and flaw-tolerant. Here, we fabricated pyrolytic carbon nanolattices with designable topologies by a two-step procedure: direct laser writing and pyrolysis at high temperature. The smallest characteristic size of the nanolattices approached the resolution limits of the available 3D lithography technologies. Due to the designable unit-cell geometries, reduced feature sizes, and high quality of pyrolytic carbon, the created nanoarchitected carbon structures are lightweight, can be made virtually insensitive to fabrication-induced defects, attain nearly theoretical strength of the constituent material, and achieve specific strength up to one to three orders of magnitude above that of all existing micro/nanoarchitected materials. It has been a long-standing challenge in modern material design to create low-density, lightweight materials that are simultaneously robust against defects and can withstand extreme thermomechanical environments, as these properties are often mutually exclusive: The lower the density, the weaker and more fragile the material. Here, we develop a process to create nanoarchitected carbon that can attain specific strength (strength-to-density ratio) up to one to three orders of magnitude above that of existing micro- and nanoarchitected materials. We use two-photon lithography followed by pyrolysis in a vacuum at 900 °C to fabricate pyrolytic carbon in two topologies, octet- and iso-truss, with unit-cell dimensions of ∼2 μm, beam diameters between 261 nm and 679 nm, and densities of 0.24 to 1.0 g/cm3. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that for densities higher than 0.95 g/cm3 the nanolattices become insensitive to fabrication-induced defects, allowing them to attain nearly theoretical strength of the constituent material. The combination of high specific strength, low density, and extensive deformability before failure lends such nanoarchitected carbon to being a particularly promising candidate for applications under harsh thermomechanical environments.
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Kenel C, Casati NPM, Dunand DC. 3D ink-extrusion additive manufacturing of CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy micro-lattices. Nat Commun 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 30796218 PMCID: PMC6385271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys combines the mechanical properties of this novel family of alloys with the geometrical freedom and complexity required by modern designs. Here, a non-beam approach to additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys is developed based on 3D extrusion of inks containing a blend of oxide nanopowders (Co3O4 + Cr2O3 + Fe2O3 + NiO), followed by co-reduction to metals, inter-diffusion and sintering to near-full density CoCrFeNi in H2. A complex phase evolution path is observed by in-situ X-ray diffraction in extruded filaments when the oxide phases undergo reduction and the resulting metals inter-diffuse, ultimately forming face-centered-cubic equiatomic CoCrFeNi alloy. Linked to the phase evolution is a complex structural evolution, from loosely packed oxide particles in the green body to fully-annealed, metallic CoCrFeNi with 99.6 ± 0.1% relative density. CoCrFeNi micro-lattices are created with strut diameters as low as 100 μm and excellent mechanical properties at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. Additive manufacturing of high entropy alloys is still an emerging field that usually relies on expensive pre-alloyed powders. Here, the authors develop a method to 3D ink-print a CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy using inexpensive blended oxide nanopowders, hydrogen reduction, and sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kenel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Nicola P M Casati
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David C Dunand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Tancogne-Dejean T, Diamantopoulou M, Gorji MB, Bonatti C, Mohr D. 3D Plate-Lattices: An Emerging Class of Low-Density Metamaterial Exhibiting Optimal Isotropic Stiffness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803334. [PMID: 30230617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In lightweight engineering, there is a constant quest for low-density materials featuring high mass-specific stiffness and strength. Additively-manufactured metamaterials are particularly promising candidates as the controlled introduction of porosity allows for tailoring their density while activating strengthening size-effects at the nano- and microstructural level. Here, plate-lattices are conceived by placing plates along the closest-packed planes of crystal structures. Based on theoretical analysis, a general design map is developed for elastically isotropic plate-lattices of cubic symmetry. In addition to validating the design map, detailed computational analysis reveals that there even exist plate-lattice compositions that provide nearly isotropic yield strength together with elastic isotropy. The most striking feature of plate-lattices is that their stiffness and yield strength are within a few percent of the theoretical limits for isotropic porous solids. This implies that the stiffness of isotropic plate-lattices is up to three times higher than that of the stiffest truss-lattices of equal mass. This stiffness advantage is also confirmed by experiments on truss- and plate-lattice specimens fabricated through direct laser writing. Due to their porous internal structure, the potential impact of the new metamaterials reported here goes beyond lightweight engineering, including applications for heat-exchange, thermal insulation, acoustics, and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tancogne-Dejean
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marianna Diamantopoulou
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maysam B Gorji
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Colin Bonatti
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dirk Mohr
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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