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Takaishi M, Komino T, Kameda A, Togawa K, Yokomatsu T, Maenaka K, Tajima H. Suppression of the plasmon-quenching effect on light amplification in 20-μm-diameter plasmonic whispering gallery mode resonators fabricated from bowl-shaped organic/metal thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10796-10803. [PMID: 38516939 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bowl-shaped plasmonic whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators were fabricated from a 10-nm-thick metal (Al, Ag, or Au) plasmonic layer that was covered with a 100-nm-thick 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl spacer layer and a 250-nm-thick 2,7-bis[9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)-fluoren-2-yl]-9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)fluorene light-emitting layer; the layer structure was grown on a 20-μm-diameter silica microsphere. When compared with a reference structure without the plasmonic layer, the resonators, which included either Al or Ag, showed almost the same threshold excitation intensities for generation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). This result indicates that the ease of light amplification in the plasmonic resonators was comparable to that in the reference structure. Excitons that exist in the vicinity of metal thin films are generally easy to quench because propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) absorb the exciton energy. Therefore, the observed comparability demonstrates that the plasmonic WGM resonators overcome this quenching effect on ASE via localization of the SPPs in the vicinity of the excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Takaishi
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Komino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kameda
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Togawa
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Tokuji Yokomatsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Kazusuke Maenaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tajima
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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2
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Liao JW, Huang ZT, Wu CH, Gagrani N, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Chen KP, Lu TC. Highly Localized Surface Plasmon Nanolasers via Strong Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4359-4366. [PMID: 37155142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons have robust and strong confinement to the light field which is beneficial for the light-matter interaction. Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SPACER) has the potential to be integrated on the semiconductor chip as a compact coherent light source, which can play an important role in further extension of Moore's law. In this study, we demonstrate the localized surface plasmon lasing at room temperature in the communication band using metallic nanoholes as the plasmonic nanocavity and InP nanowires as the gain medium. Optimizing laser performance has been demonstrated by coupling between two metallic nanoholes which adds another degree of freedom for manipulating the lasing properties. Our plasmonic nanolasers exhibit lower power consumption, smaller mode volumes, and higher spontaneous emission coupling factors due to enhanced light-matter interactions, which are very promising in the applications of high-density sensing and photonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Liao
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Ting Huang
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa third Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Nikita Gagrani
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Kuo-Ping Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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3
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Babicheva VE. Optical Processes behind Plasmonic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1270. [PMID: 37049363 PMCID: PMC10097005 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a revolutionary concept in nanophotonics that combines the properties of both photonics and electronics by confining light energy to a nanometer-scale oscillating field of free electrons, known as a surface plasmon. Generation, processing, routing, and amplification of optical signals at the nanoscale hold promise for optical communications, biophotonics, sensing, chemistry, and medical applications. Surface plasmons manifest themselves as confined oscillations, allowing for optical nanoantennas, ultra-compact optical detectors, state-of-the-art sensors, data storage, and energy harvesting designs. Surface plasmons facilitate both resonant characteristics of nanostructures and guiding and controlling light at the nanoscale. Plasmonics and metamaterials enable the advancement of many photonic designs with unparalleled capabilities, including subwavelength waveguides, optical nanoresonators, super- and hyper-lenses, and light concentrators. Alternative plasmonic materials have been developed to be incorporated in the nanostructures for low losses and controlled optical characteristics along with semiconductor-process compatibility. This review describes optical processes behind a range of plasmonic applications. It pays special attention to the topics of field enhancement and collective effects in nanostructures. The advances in these research topics are expected to transform the domain of nanoscale photonics, optical metamaterials, and their various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia E Babicheva
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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4
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Koulas-Simos A, Sinatkas G, Zhang T, Xu JL, Hayenga WE, Kan Q, Zhang R, Khajavikhan M, Ning CZ, Reitzenstein S. Extraction of silver losses at cryogenic temperatures through the optical characterization of silver-coated plasmonic nanolasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21664-21678. [PMID: 36224880 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the extraction of silver losses in the range 10 K-180 K by performing temperature-dependent micro-photoluminescence measurements in conjunction with numerical simulations on silver-coated nanolasers around near-infrared telecommunication wavelengths. By mapping changes in the quality factor of nanolasers into silver-loss variations, the imaginary part of silver permittivity is extracted at cryogenic temperatures. The latter is estimated to reach values an order of magnitude lower than room-temperature values. Temperature-dependent values for the thermo-optic coefficient of III-V semiconductors occupying the cavity are estimated as well. This data is missing from the literature and is crucial for precise device modeling. Our results can be useful for device designing, the theoretical validation of experimental observations as well as the evaluation of thermal effects in silver-coated nanophotonic structures.
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5
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Cho S, Yang Y, Soljačić M, Yun SH. Submicrometer perovskite plasmonic lasers at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf3362. [PMID: 34433555 PMCID: PMC8386933 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic lasers attracted interest for their ability to generate coherent light in mode volume smaller than the diffraction limit of photonic lasers. While nanoscale devices in one or two dimensions were demonstrated, it has been difficult to achieve plasmonic lasing with submicrometer cavities in all three dimensions. Here, we demonstrate submicrometer-sized, plasmonic lasers using cesium-lead-bromide perovskite (CsPbBr3) crystals, as small as 0.58 μm by 0.56 μm by 0.32 μm (cuboid) and 0.79 μm by 0.66 μm by 0.18 μm (plate), on polymer-coated gold substrates at room temperature. Our experimental and simulation data obtained from more than 100 plasmonic and photonic devices showed that enhanced optical gain by the Purcell effect, large spontaneous emission factor, and high group index are key elements to efficient plasmonic lasing. The results shed light on the three-dimensional miniaturization of plasmonic lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeon Cho
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Jeong KY, Hwang MS, Kim J, Park JS, Lee JM, Park HG. Recent Progress in Nanolaser Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001996. [PMID: 32945000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers are key elements in the implementation of optical integrated circuits owing to their low lasing thresholds, high energy efficiencies, and high modulation speeds. With the development of semiconductor wafer growth and nanofabrication techniques, various types of wavelength-scale and subwavelength-scale nanolasers have been proposed. For example, photonic crystal lasers and plasmonic lasers based on the feedback mechanisms of the photonic bandgap and surface plasmon polaritons, respectively, have been successfully demonstrated. More recently, nanolasers employing new mechanisms of light confinement, including parity-time symmetry lasers, photonic topological insulator lasers, and bound states in the continuum lasers, have been developed. Here, the operational mechanisms, optical characterizations, and practical applications of these nanolasers based on recent research results are outlined. Their scientific and engineering challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Hwang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkil Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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7
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Liang Y, Li C, Huang YZ, Zhang Q. Plasmonic Nanolasers in On-Chip Light Sources: Prospects and Challenges. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14375-14390. [PMID: 33119269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic nanolaser is a class of lasers with the physical dimensions free from the optical diffraction limit. In the past decade, progress in performance, applications, and mechanisms of plasmonic nanolasers has increased dramatically. We review this advance and offer our prospectives on the remaining challenges ahead, concentrating on the integration with nanochips. In particular, we focus on the qualifications for electrical pumping, energy consumption, and ultrafast modulation. At last, we evaluate the strategies for on-chip source construction design and further threshold reduction to achieve a long-term room-temperature electrically pumped plasmonic nanolaser, the ultimate goal toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Romeira B, Borme J, Fonseca H, Gaspar J, Nieder JB. Efficient light extraction in subwavelength GaAs/AlGaAs nanopillars for nanoscale light-emitting devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32302-32315. [PMID: 33114919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.402887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on high extraction efficiency in subwavelength GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor nanopillars. We achieve up to 37-fold enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity from sub-micrometer (sub-µm) pillars without requiring back reflectors, high-Q dielectric cavities, nor large 2D arrays or plasmonic effects. This is a result of a large extraction efficiency for nanopillars <500 nm width, estimated in the range of 33-57%, which is much larger than the typical low efficiency (∼2%) of micrometer pillars limited by total internal reflection. Time-resolved PL measurements allow us to estimate the nonradiative surface recombination of fabricated pillars. We conclusively show that vertical-emitting nanopillar-based LEDs, in the best case scenario of both reduced surface recombination and efficient light out-coupling, have the potential to achieve notable large external quantum efficiency (∼45%), whereas the efficiency of large µm-pillar planar LEDs, without further methods, saturates at ∼2%. These results offer a versatile method of light management in nanostructures with prospects to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices including nanoscale LEDs, nanolasers, single photon sources, photodetectors, and solar cells.
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9
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Hsieh YH, Hsu BW, Peng KN, Lee KW, Chu CW, Chang SW, Lin HW, Yen TJ, Lu YJ. Perovskite Quantum Dot Lasing in a Gap-Plasmon Nanocavity with Ultralow Threshold. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11670-11676. [PMID: 32701270 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite materials have recently received considerable attention for achieving an economic and tunable laser owing to their solution-processable feature and promising optical properties. However, most reported perovskite-based lasers operate with a large lasing-mode volume, resulting in a high lasing threshold due to the inefficient coupling between the optical gain medium and cavity. Here, we demonstrate a continuous-wave nanolasing from a single lead halide perovskite (CsPbBr3) quantum dot (PQD) in a plasmonic gap-mode nanocavity with an ultralow threshold of 1.9 Wcm-2 under 120 K. The calculated ultrasmall mode volume (∼0.002 λ3) with a z-polarized dipole and the significantly large Purcell enhancement at the corner of the nanocavity inside the gap dramatically enhance the light-matter interaction in the nanocavity, thus facilitating lasing. The demonstration of PQD nanolasing with an ultralow-threshold provides an approach for realizing on-chip electrically driven lasing and integration into on-chip plasmonic circuitry for ultrafast optical communication and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ning Peng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Yang ZQ, Shao ZK, Chen HZ, Mao XR, Ma RM. Spin-Momentum-Locked Edge Mode for Topological Vortex Lasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:013903. [PMID: 32678624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin-momentum locking is a direct consequence of bulk topological order and provides a basic concept to control a carrier's spin and charge flow for new exotic phenomena in condensed matter physics. However, up to date the research on spin-momentum locking solely focuses on its in-plane transport properties. Here, we report an emerging out-of-plane radiation feature of spin-momentum locking in a non-Hermitian topological photonic system and demonstrate a high performance topological vortex laser based on it. We find that the gain saturation effect lifts the degeneracy of the paired counterpropagating spin-momentum-locked edge modes enabling lasing from a single topological edge mode. The near-field spin and orbital angular momentum of the topological edge mode lasing has a one-to-one far-field radiation correspondence. The methodology of probing the near-field topology feature by far-field lasing emission can be used to study other exotic phenomena. The device can lead to applications in superresolution imaging, optical tweezers, free-space optical sensing, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qian Yang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Kai Shao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Zhou Chen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rui Mao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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11
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Stable, high-performance sodium-based plasmonic devices in the near infrared. Nature 2020; 581:401-405. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Azzam SI, Kildishev AV, Ma RM, Ning CZ, Oulton R, Shalaev VM, Stockman MI, Xu JL, Zhang X. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:90. [PMID: 32509297 PMCID: PMC7248101 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa I. Azzam
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kildishev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Rupert Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Mark I. Stockman
- Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Zhuge MH, Yang Z, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Song Q, Pang C, Liu X, Ullah S, Pan C, Raghavan N, Zhang XH, Li H, Ma Y, Yang Q, Hasan T. Fiber-Integrated Reversibly Wavelength-Tunable Nanowire Laser Based on Nanocavity Mode Coupling. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9965-9972. [PMID: 31398003 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an ideal miniaturized light source, wavelength-tunable nanolasers capable of emitting a wide spectrum stimulate intense interests for on-chip optoelectronics, optical communications, and spectroscopy. However, realization of such devices remains a major challenge because of extreme difficulties in achieving continuously reversibly tunable gain media and high quality (Q)-factor resonators on the nanoscale simultaneously. Here, exploiting single bandgap-graded CdSSe NWs and a Fabry-Pérot/whispering gallery mode (FP/WGM) coupling cavity, a free-standing fiber-integrated reversibly wavelength-tunable nanolaser covering a 42 nm wide spectrum at room temperature with high stability and reproducibility is demonstrated. In addition, a 1.13 nm tuning spectral resolution is realized. The substrate-free device design enables integration in optical fiber communications and information. With reversible and wide, continuous tunability of emission color and precise control per step, our work demonstrates a general approach to nanocavity coupling affording high Q-factors, enabling an ideal miniaturized module for a broad range of applications in optics and optoelectronics, with optical fiber integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zongyin Yang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Jianpei Zhang
- Sichuan Zhongguang Lightning Protection Technologies Co., Ltd. , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Yazhi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Integrated Nanoscience Lab, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chenlei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Salman Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Nagarajan Raghavan
- Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar , Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yaoguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
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14
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Li H, Li JH, Hong KB, Yu MW, Chung YC, Hsu CY, Yang JH, Cheng CW, Huang ZT, Chen KP, Lin TR, Gwo S, Lu TC. Plasmonic Nanolasers Enhanced by Hybrid Graphene-Insulator-Metal Structures. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5017-5024. [PMID: 31268338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) structure that creates a linear relationship between energy and momentum that not only forms massless Dirac fermions with extremely high group velocity but also exhibits a broadband transmission from 300 to 2500 nm that can be applied to many optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, light-emitting devices, touchscreens, ultrafast photodetectors, and lasers. Although the plasmonic resonance of graphene occurs in the terahertz band, graphene can be combined with a noble metal to provide a versatile platform for supporting surface plasmon waves. In this study, we propose a hybrid graphene-insulator-metal (GIM) structure that can modulate the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) dispersion characteristics and thus influence the performance of plasmonic nanolasers. Compared with values obtained when graphene is not used on an Al template, the propagation length of SPP waves can be increased 2-fold, and the threshold of nanolasers is reduced by 50% when graphene is incorporated on the template. The GIM structure can be further applied in the future to realize electrical control or electrical injection of plasmonic devices through graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jhu-Hong Li
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Bin Hong
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Min-Wen Yu
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chung
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Hong Yang
- Institute of Photonic System , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Ting Huang
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics , National Chiao Tung University , Tainan 71150 , Taiwan
| | - Tzy-Rong Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 20224 , Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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15
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Surface Plasmon Nanolaser: Principle, Structure, Characteristics and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photonic devices are becoming more and more miniaturized and highly integrated with the advancement of micro-nano technology and the rapid development of integrated optics. Traditional semiconductor lasers have diffraction limit due to the feedback from the optical system, and their cavity length is more than half of the emission wavelength, so it is difficult to achieve miniaturization. Nanolasers based on surface plasmons can break through the diffraction limit and achieve deep sub-wavelength or even nano-scale laser emission. The improvement of modern nanomaterial preparation processes and the gradual maturity of micro-nano machining technology have also provided technical conditions for the development of sub-wavelength and nano-scale lasers. This paper describes the basic principles of surface plasmons and nano-resonators. The structure and characteristics of several kinds of plasmonic nanolasers are discussed. Finally, the paper looks forward to the application and development trend of nanolasers.
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16
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Ma RM, Oulton RF. Applications of nanolasers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:12-22. [PMID: 30559486 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers generate coherent light at the nanoscale. In the past decade, they have attracted intense interest, because they are more compact, faster and more power-efficient than conventional lasers. Thanks to these capabilities, nanolasers are now an emergent tool for a variety of practical applications. In this Review, we explain the intrinsic merits of nanolasers and assess recent progress on their applications, particularly for optical interconnects, near-field spectroscopy and sensing, optical probing for biological systems and far-field beam synthesis through near-field eigenmode engineering. We highlight the scientific and engineering challenges that remain for forging nanolasers into powerful tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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