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Sha H, Song Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Shi M, Wu Z, Zhang H, Qin L, Liang L, Jia P, Qiu C, Lei Y, Wang Y, Ning Y, Miao G, Zhang J, Wang L. Advances in Semiconductor Lasers Based on Parity-Time Symmetry. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:571. [PMID: 38607106 PMCID: PMC11013715 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor lasers, characterized by their high efficiency, small size, low weight, rich wavelength options, and direct electrical drive, have found widespread application in many fields, including military defense, medical aesthetics, industrial processing, and aerospace. The mode characteristics of lasers directly affect their output performance, including output power, beam quality, and spectral linewidth. Therefore, semiconductor lasers with high output power and beam quality are at the forefront of international research in semiconductor laser science. The novel parity-time (PT) symmetry mode-control method provides the ability to selectively modulate longitudinal modes to improve the spectral characteristics of lasers. Recently, it has gathered much attention for transverse modulation, enabling the output of fundamental transverse modes and improving the beam quality of lasers. This study begins with the basic principles of PT symmetry and provides a detailed introduction to the technical solutions and recent developments in single-mode semiconductor lasers based on PT symmetry. We categorize the different modulation methods, analyze their structures, and highlight their performance characteristics. Finally, this paper summarizes the research progress in PT-symmetric lasers and provides prospects for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Jlight Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jishun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Daheng College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jeong KY, Hwang MS, Kim J, Park JS, Lee JM, Park HG. Recent Progress in Nanolaser Technology. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2001996. [PMID: 32945000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers are key elements in the implementation of optical integrated circuits owing to their low lasing thresholds, high energy efficiencies, and high modulation speeds. With the development of semiconductor wafer growth and nanofabrication techniques, various types of wavelength-scale and subwavelength-scale nanolasers have been proposed. For example, photonic crystal lasers and plasmonic lasers based on the feedback mechanisms of the photonic bandgap and surface plasmon polaritons, respectively, have been successfully demonstrated. More recently, nanolasers employing new mechanisms of light confinement, including parity-time symmetry lasers, photonic topological insulator lasers, and bound states in the continuum lasers, have been developed. Here, the operational mechanisms, optical characterizations, and practical applications of these nanolasers based on recent research results are outlined. Their scientific and engineering challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Hwang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkil Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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