1
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Zhu J, Li Y, Lin X, Han Y, Wu K. Coherent phenomena and dynamics of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for quantum information technologies. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1027-1040. [PMID: 38951651 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed colloidal nanocrystals of lead halide perovskites have been intensively investigated in recent years in the context of optoelectronic devices, during which time their quantum properties have also begun to attract attention. Their unmatched ease of synthetic tunability and unique structural, optical and electronic properties, in conjunction with the confinement of carriers in three dimensions, have motivated studies on observing and controlling coherent light-matter interaction in these materials for quantum information technologies. This Review outlines the recent efforts and achievements in this direction. Particularly notable examples are the observation of coherent single-photon emission, evidence for superfluorescence and the realization of room-temperature coherent spin manipulation for ensemble samples, which have not been achieved for prototypical colloidal CdSe nanocrystals that have been under investigation for decades. This Review aims to highlight these results, point out the challenges ahead towards realistic applications and bring together the efforts of multidisciplinary communities in this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Yuan J, Hu F, Ju Y, Li S, Zhao H, Zhang C, Gan Z, Xiao M, Wang X. Perovskite Quantum Heterostructure Constructed by Halide Mixing between a Single CsPbI 3 Nanocrystal and an Individual CsPbBr 3 Microplate. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6763-6770. [PMID: 38912978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Ion migration is significantly enhanced in lead-halide perovskites with a soft crystal lattice, which can promote the formation of a heterogeneous interface between two such materials with different halide-anion compositions. Here we have deposited a single CsPbI3 nanocrystal (NC) on top of an individual CsPbBr3 microplate to create a mixed-halide CsPbBrxI3-x (0 < x < 3) NC by means of the anion exchange process. The formation of a CsPbBrxI3-x/CsPbBr3 heterostructure is confirmed by the much-enlarged geometric volume of the CsPbBrxI3-x NC as compared to the original CsPbI3 one, as well as by its capability of receiving photogenerated excitons from the CsPbBr3 microplate with a larger bandgap energy. The quantum nature of this heterostructure is reflected from single-photon emission of the composing CsPbBrxI3-x NC, which can also be bulk-like during phase segregation to demonstrate a red shift in the photoluminescence peak that is opposite to the common trend observed in smaller-sized mixed-halide NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Ju
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Si Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhixing Gan
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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3
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Oddi V, Zhu C, Becker MA, Sahin Y, Dirin DN, Kim T, Mahrt RF, Even J, Rainò G, Kovalenko MV, Stöferle T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence Without External Magnetic Fields from Individual CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17218-17227. [PMID: 38904261 PMCID: PMC11223489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs), the latest generation of the colloidal QD family, exhibit outstanding optical properties, which are now exploited as both classical and quantum light sources. Most of their rather exceptional properties are related to the peculiar exciton fine-structure of band-edge states, which can support unique bright triplet excitons. The degeneracy of the bright triplet excitons is lifted with energetic splitting in the order of millielectronvolts, which can be resolved by the photoluminescence (PL) measurements of single QDs at cryogenic temperatures. Each bright exciton fine-structure-state (FSS) exhibits a dominantly linear polarization, in line with several theoretical models based on the sole crystal field, exchange interaction, and shape anisotropy. Here, we show that in addition to a high degree of linear polarization, the individual exciton FSS can exhibit a non-negligible degree of circular polarization even without external magnetic fields by investigating the four Stokes parameters of the exciton fine-structure in individual CsPbBr3 QDs through Stokes polarimetric measurements. We observe a degree of circular polarization up to ∼38%, which could not be detected by using the conventional polarimetric technique. In addition, we found a consistent transition from left- to right-hand circular polarization within the fine-structure triplet manifold, which was observed in magnetic-field-dependent experiments. Our optical investigation provides deeper insights into the nature of the exciton fine structures and thereby drives the yet-incomplete understanding of the unique photophysical properties of this class of QDs for the benefit of future applications in chiral quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Oddi
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Becker
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Yesim Sahin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Taehee Kim
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rainer F. Mahrt
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Université
de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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4
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Banerjee P, Prakapenka VB, Chariton S, Shevchenko EV. Compressibility Studies of Copper Selenides Obtained by Cation Exchange Reaction Revealing the New CsCl Phase. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6981-6989. [PMID: 38814739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a high-pressure investigation of Cu2-xSe nanostructures with pyramid- and plate-like morphologies, created through cation exchange from zinc-blende CdSe nanocrystals and wurtzite CdSe nanoplatelets respectively. Using a diamond anvil cell setup at the APS synchrotron, we observed the phase transitions in the Cu2-xSe nanostructures up to 40 GPa, identifying a novel CsCl-type lattice with Pm3̅m symmetry above 4 GPa. This CsCl-type structure, previously unreported in copper selenides, was partially retained after decompression. Our results indicate that the initial crystalline structure of CdSe does not affect the stability of Cu2-xSe nanostructures formed via cation exchange. Both morphologies of Cu2-xSe sintered under compression, potentially contributing to the stabilization of the high-pressure phase through interfacial defects. These findings are significant for discovering new phases with potential applications in future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progna Banerjee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Elena V Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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5
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Chuang YT, Lin TY, Tan GH, Jan PE, Lin HC, Chen HM, Hsiao KY, Chen BH, Lu CH, Lee CH, Pao CW, Yang SD, Lu MY, Lin HW. Highly Efficient MAPbI 3-Based Quantum Dots Exhibiting Unusual Nonblinking Single Photon Emission at Room Temperature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308676. [PMID: 38072780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Highly emissive semiconductor nanocrystals, or so-called quantum dots (QDs) possess a variety of applications from displays and biology labeling, to quantum communication and modern security. Though ensembles of QDs have already shown very high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) and have been widely utilized in current optoelectronic products, QDs that exhibit high absorption cross-section, high emission intensity, and, most important, nonblinking behavior at single-dot level have long been desired and not yet realized at room temperature. In this work, infrared-emissive MAPbI3-based halide perovskite QDs is demonstrated. These QDs not only show a ≈100% PLQY at the ensemble level but also, surprisingly, at the single-dot level, display an extra-large absorption cross-section up to 1.80 × 10-12 cm2 and non-blinking single photon emission with a high single photon purity of 95.3%, a unique property that is extremely rare among all types of quantum emitters operated at room temperature. An in-depth analysis indicates that neither trion formation nor band-edge carrier trapping is observed in MAPbI3 QDs, resulting in the suppression of intensity blinking and lifetime blinking. Fluence-dependent transient absorption measurements reveal that the coexistence of non-blinking behavior and high single photon purity in these perovskite QDs results from a significant repulsive exciton-exciton interaction, which suppresses the formation of biexciton, and thus greatly reduces photocharging. The robustness of these QDs is confirmed by their excellent stability under continuous 1 h electron irradiation in high-resolution transmission electron microscope inspection. It is believed that these results mark an important milestone in realizing nonblinking single photon emission in semiconductor QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tang Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Hsun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-En Jan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Pao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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6
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Amara MR, Huo C, Voisin C, Xiong Q, Diederichs C. Impact of Bright-Dark Exciton Thermal Population Mixing on the Brightness of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4265-4271. [PMID: 38557055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between bright and dark exciton states is crucial for deciphering the luminescence properties of low-dimensional materials. The origin of the outstanding brightness of lead halide perovskites remains elusive. Here, we analyze temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence to investigate the population mixing between bright and dark exciton sublevels in individual CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in the intermediate confinement regime. We extract bright and dark exciton decay rates and show quantitatively that the decay dynamics can only be reproduced with second-order phonon transitions. Furthermore, we find that any exciton sublevel ordering is compatible with the most likely population transfer mechanism. The remarkable brightness of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals rather stems from a reduced asymmetry between bright-to-dark and dark-to-bright conversion originating from the peculiar second-order phonon-assisted transitions that freeze bright-dark conversion at low temperatures together with the very fast radiative recombination and favorable degeneracy of the bright exciton state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Raouf Amara
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Caixia Huo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- Institute of Materials/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Christophe Voisin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Carole Diederichs
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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7
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Sekh T, Cherniukh I, Kobiyama E, Sheehan TJ, Manoli A, Zhu C, Athanasiou M, Sergides M, Ortikova O, Rossell MD, Bertolotti F, Guagliardi A, Masciocchi N, Erni R, Othonos A, Itskos G, Tisdale WA, Stöferle T, Rainò G, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV. All-Perovskite Multicomponent Nanocrystal Superlattices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8423-8436. [PMID: 38446635 PMCID: PMC10958606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystal superlattices (NC SLs) have long been sought as promising metamaterials, with nanoscale-engineered properties arising from collective and synergistic effects among the constituent building blocks. Lead halide perovskite (LHP) NCs come across as outstanding candidates for SL design, as they demonstrate collective light emission, known as superfluorescence, in single- and multicomponent SLs. Thus far, LHP NCs have only been assembled in single-component SLs or coassembled with dielectric NC building blocks acting solely as spacers between luminescent NCs. Here, we report the formation of multicomponent LHP NC-only SLs, i.e., using only CsPbBr3 NCs of different sizes as building blocks. The structural diversity of the obtained SLs encompasses the ABO6, ABO3, and NaCl structure types, all of which contain orientationally and positionally locked NCs. For the selected model system, the ABO6-type SL, we observed efficient NC coupling and Förster-like energy transfer from strongly confined 5.3 nm CsPbBr3 NCs to weakly confined 17.6 nm CsPbBr3 NCs, along with characteristic superfluorescence features at cryogenic temperatures. Spatiotemporal exciton dynamics measurements reveal that binary SLs exhibit enhanced exciton diffusivity compared to single-component NC assemblies across the entire temperature range (from 5 to 298 K). The observed coherent and incoherent NC coupling and controllable excitonic transport within the solid NC SLs hold promise for applications in quantum optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras
V. Sekh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas J. Sheehan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andreas Manoli
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Modestos Athanasiou
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Sergides
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Oleksandra Ortikova
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marta D. Rossell
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Othonos
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Grigorios Itskos
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research Europe−Zürich, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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8
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Gao K, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Liang W, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhu J, Wu K. Manipulating Coherent Exciton Dynamics in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Using Magnetic Field. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309420. [PMID: 38009823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a promising material platform for quantum information processing owing to their strong light-matter interaction and relatively long-lived optical and spin coherences. In particular, the coherence of the fine-structure bright excitons is sustainable up to room temperature and can be observed even at an ensemble level. Here modulation of the polarization of these excitons in CsPbI3 QDs and manipulation of their time-domain coherent dynamics using a longitudinal magnetic field are demonstrated. The manipulation is realized using femtosecond quantum beat spectroscopy performed with both circularly- and linearly-polarized pulses. The results are well captured by the density of matrix simulation and are picturized using a Bloch sphere. This study forms the basis for preparing arbitrary coherent superpositions of excitons in perovskite QDs for an array of quantum technologies under near-ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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9
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Weinberg D, Park Y, Limmer DT, Rabani E. Size-Dependent Lattice Symmetry Breaking Determines the Exciton Fine Structure of Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37229762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The order of bright and dark excitonic states in lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals is debated. It has been proposed that the Rashba effect, driven by lattice-induced symmetry breaking, causes a bright excitonic ground state. Direct measurements of excitonic spectra, however, show the signatures of a dark ground state, bringing the role of the Rashba effect into question. We use an atomistic theory to model the exciton fine structure of perovskite nanocrystals, accounting for realistic lattice distortions. We calculate optical gaps and excitonic features that compare favorably with experimental works. The exciton fine structure splittings show a nonmonotonic size dependence due to a structural transition between cubic and orthorhombic phases. Additionally, the excitonic ground state is found to be dark with spin triplet character, exhibiting a small Rashba coupling. We additionally explore the effects of nanocrystal shape on the fine structure, clarifying observations on polydisperse nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yoonjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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10
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Zhu C, Nguyen T, Boehme SC, Moskalenko A, Dirin DN, Bodnarchuk MI, Katan C, Even J, Rainò G, Kovalenko MV. Many-Body Correlations and Exciton Complexes in CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208354. [PMID: 36537857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic lead-halide perovskite (LHP) (CsPbX3 , X = Cl, Br, I) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a competitive platform for classical light-emitting devices (in the weak light-matter interaction regime, e.g., LEDs and laser), as well as for devices exploiting strong light-matter interaction at room temperature. Many-body interactions and quantum correlations among photogenerated exciton complexes play an essential role, for example, by determining the laser threshold, the overall brightness of LEDs, and the single-photon purity in quantum light sources. Here, by combining cryogenic single-QD photoluminescence spectroscopy with configuration-interaction (CI) calculations, the size-dependent trion and biexciton binding energies are addressed. Trion binding energies increase from 7 to 17 meV for QD sizes decreasing from 30 to 9 nm, while the biexciton binding energies increase from 15 to 30 meV, respectively. CI calculations quantitatively corroborate the experimental results and suggest that the effective dielectric constant for biexcitons slightly deviates from the one of the single excitons, potentially as a result of coupling to the lattice in the multiexciton regime. The findings here provide a deep insight into the multiexciton properties in all-inorganic LHP QDs, essential for classical and quantum optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Zhu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Tan Nguyen
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiia Moskalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
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11
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Han Y, Liang W, Lin X, Li Y, Sun F, Zhang F, Sercel PC, Wu K. Lattice distortion inducing exciton splitting and coherent quantum beating in CsPbI 3 perovskite quantum dots. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1282-1289. [PMID: 36075966 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic exchange splitting in semiconductor quantum dots results in bright-exciton fine-structure splitting important for quantum information processing. Direct measurement of fine-structure splitting usually requires single/few quantum dots at liquid-helium temperature because of its sensitivity to quantum dot size and shape, whereas measuring and controlling fine-structure splitting at an ensemble level seem to be impossible unless all the dots are made to be nearly identical. Here we report strong bright-exciton fine-structure splitting up to 1.6 meV in solution-processed CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots, manifested as quantum beats in ensemble-level transient absorption at liquid-nitrogen to room temperature. The splitting is robust to quantum dot size and shape heterogeneity, and increases with decreasing temperature, pointing towards a mechanism associated with orthorhombic distortion of the perovskite lattice. Effective-mass-approximation calculations reveal an intrinsic 'fine-structure gap' that agrees well with the observed fine-structure splitting. This gap stems from an avoided crossing of bright excitons confined in orthorhombically distorted quantum dots that are bounded by the pseudocubic {100} family of planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Fengke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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12
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Cho K, Tahara H, Yamada T, Suzuura H, Tadano T, Sato R, Saruyama M, Hirori H, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y. Exciton-Phonon and Trion-Phonon Couplings Revealed by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Single CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7674-7681. [PMID: 36121354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have outstanding photoluminescence (PL) properties and excellent potential for light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. Here, we report the multiple-peak structures originating from excitons, trions, and biexcitons in low-temperature PL spectra of single CsPbBr3 NCs. We found fine-structure splitting in the PL peaks of bright excitons and biexcitons and also in the longitudinal-optical (LO)-phonon replicas of excitons. LO-phonon replicas of trions are clearly observed under strong photoexcitation, which do not show fine-structure splitting. From size-dependent analyses of these replicas, we clarified that both exciton-phonon and trion-phonon couplings become larger for smaller NCs and the coupling strengths of trions are larger than those of excitons in large NCs. These behaviors can be explained by the spatial distributions of the electron and hole wave functions in the NCs. Our findings provide essential information on electron-phonon couplings in perovskites and for the design of high-purity single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Cho
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Suzuura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Terumasa Tadano
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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13
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Lv L, Liu S, Li J, Lei H, Qin H, Peng X. Synthesis of Weakly Confined, Cube-Shaped, and Monodisperse Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanocrystals with Unexpected Photophysical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16872-16882. [PMID: 36067446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-blende CdSe, CdS, and CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with a structure-matched shape (cube-shaped, edge length ≤30 nm) are synthesized via a universal scheme. With the edge length up to five times larger than exciton diameter of the bulk semiconductors, the nanocrystals exhibit novel properties in the weakly confined size regime, such as near-unity single exciton and biexciton photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields, single-nanocrystal PL nonblinking, mixed PL decay dynamics of exciton and free carriers with sub-microsecond monoexponential decay lifetime, and stable yet extremely narrow PL full width at half maximum (FWHM < 0.1 meV) at 1.8 K. Their monodisperse edge length, shape, and facet structure enable demonstration of unexpected yet size-dependent PL properties at room temperature, including unusually broad and abnormally size-dependent PL FWHM (∼100 meV), nonmonotonic size dependence of PL peak energy, and dual-peak single-exciton PL. Calculations suggest that these unusual properties should be originated from the band-edge electron/hole states of the dynamic-exciton, whose exciton binding energy is too small to hold the photogenerated electron-hole pair as a bonded Wannier exciton in a weakly confined nanocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiongzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haixin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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14
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Zhu C, Marczak M, Feld L, Boehme SC, Bernasconi C, Moskalenko A, Cherniukh I, Dirin D, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Rainò G. Room-Temperature, Highly Pure Single-Photon Sources from All-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3751-3760. [PMID: 35467890 PMCID: PMC9101069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Attaining pure single-photon emission is key for many quantum technologies, from optical quantum computing to quantum key distribution and quantum imaging. The past 20 years have seen the development of several solid-state quantum emitters, but most of them require highly sophisticated techniques (e.g., ultrahigh vacuum growth methods and cryostats for low-temperature operation). The system complexity may be significantly reduced by employing quantum emitters capable of working at room temperature. Here, we present a systematic study across ∼170 photostable single CsPbX3 (X: Br and I) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes and compositions, unveiling that increasing quantum confinement is an effective strategy for maximizing single-photon purity due to the suppressed biexciton quantum yield. Leveraging the latter, we achieve 98% single-photon purity (g(2)(0) as low as 2%) from a cavity-free, nonresonantly excited single 6.6 nm CsPbI3 QDs, showcasing the great potential of CsPbX3 QDs as room-temperature highly pure single-photon sources for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Malwina Marczak
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon Feld
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiia Moskalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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15
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Cho K, Yamada T, Tahara H, Tadano T, Suzuura H, Saruyama M, Sato R, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y. Luminescence Fine Structures in Single Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Size Dependence of the Exciton-Phonon Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7206-7212. [PMID: 34415169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have superior photoluminescence (PL) properties, such as high PL quantum yields and wide PL wavelength tunability, for optoelectronic applications. Here, we report the PL spectra of single formamidinium lead halide perovskite FAPbX3 (X = Br, I) NCs examined by single-dot spectroscopy at low temperature. We found four PL peaks in the low-energy region below the strong exciton PL peak that originate from two longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon replicas of the exciton PL, biexcitons, and charged excitons (trions). The binding energies of the biexcitons and trions become larger as the NCs decrease in size. The LO phonon energies show no size dependence, but the Huang-Rhys factors, which reflect the strength of the exciton-phonon coupling, become larger for smaller NCs. Our findings provide important insights into the exciton properties of perovskite NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Cho
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Terumasa Tadano
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Suzuura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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16
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Ricci F, Marougail V, Varnavski O, Wu Y, Padgaonkar S, Irgen-Gioro S, Weiss EA, Goodson T. Enhanced Exciton Quantum Coherence in Single CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots using Femtosecond Two-Photon Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12955-12965. [PMID: 34346667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cesium-halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have gained tremendous interest as quantum emitters in quantum information processing applications due to their optical and photophysical properties. However, engineering excitonic states in quantum dots requires a deep knowledge of the coherent dynamics of their excitons at a single-particle level. Here, we use femtosecond time-resolved two-photon near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to reveal coherences involving a single cesium lead bromide perovskite QD (CsPbBr3) at room temperature. We show that, compared to other nonperovskite nanoparticles, the electronic coherence on a single perovskite QD has a relatively long lifetime of ca. 150 fs, whereas CdSe QDs have exciton coherence times shorter than 75 fs at room temperature. One possible explanation for the longer coherence time observed for the CsPbBr3 perovskite system is related to the exciton fine structure of these perovskite QDs compared to other nanoparticles. These perovskite QDs exhibit interesting optical properties that differ from those of the traditional QDs including bright triplet exciton states. In fact, due to the small amplitude of the energy gap fluctuations of dipole-allowed triplet states in perovskite QDs, the coherent superposition could be preserved for longer times. Furthermore, single-particle excitation approach implemented in this work allows us to remove effects of heterogeneity that are usually present in ensemble averaging experiments at room temperature. The realization of quantum-mechanical phase-coherence of a charge carrier that can operate at room temperature is an issue of great importance for the potential application of coherent electronic phenomena in electronic and optoelectronic devices. These interesting findings provide further evidence of the great potential of these perovskite QDs as candidates for quantum computing and information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ricci
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Veronica Marougail
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Oleg Varnavski
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Shawn Irgen-Gioro
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Stelmakh A, Aebli M, Baumketner A, Kovalenko MV. On the Mechanism of Alkylammonium Ligands Binding to the Surface of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021; 33:5962-5973. [PMID: 34393361 PMCID: PMC8359008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) suffer from instabilities caused by the dynamic and labile nature of both the inorganic core and the organic-inorganic interface. Surface ligand engineering thus remains an imminent research topic. In this study, classical molecular dynamics simulations with an explicit solvent are used to gain insights into the inherent binding properties of three different alkylammonium ligands-primary dodecylammonium (DA), secondary didodecylammonium (DDA), and quaternary dimethyldi- dodecylammonium (DMDDA). Our simulations uncover three main factors that govern the effective ligand-substrate interactions: (i) the ability of the head-group to penetrate into the binding pocket, (ii) the strength of head-group interactions with the polar solvent, and (iii) the higher barrier for ligand adsorption/desorption in the case of multiple alkyl chains. The interplay between these factors causes the following order of the binding free energies: DDA < DA ≈ DMDDA, while surface capping with DDA and DMDDA ligands is additionally stabilized by the kinetic barrier. These findings are in agreement with previous experimental observations and with the results of presented ligand-exchange experiments, wherein DDA is found to loosely bind to the CsPbBr3 surface, while DMDDA capping is more stable than capping with the primary oleylammonium ligand. The presented mechanistic understanding of the ligand-NC interactions will aid in the design of cationic ligands that make perovskite NC surfaces more robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Stelmakh
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrij Baumketner
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 1 Svientsitsky, Lviv 79011, Ukraine
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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18
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Hsu BW, Chuang YT, Cheng CY, Chen CY, Chen YJ, Brumberg A, Yang L, Huang YS, Schaller RD, Chen LJ, Chuu CS, Lin HW. Very Robust Spray-Synthesized CsPbI 3 Quantum Emitters with Ultrahigh Room-Temperature Cavity-Free Brightness and Self-Healing Ability. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11358-11368. [PMID: 33729770 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although colloidal lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) exhibit desirable emitter characteristics with high quantum yields and narrow bandwidths, instability has limited their applications in devices. In this paper, we describe spray-synthesized CsPbI3 PQD quantum emitters displaying strong photon antibunching and high brightness at room temperature and stable performance under continuous excitation with a high-intensity laser for more than 24 h. Our PQDs provided high single-photon emission rates, exceeding 9 × 106 count/s, after excluding multiexciton emissions and strong photon antibunching, as confirmed by low values of the second-order correlation function g(2)(0) (reaching 0.021 and 0.061 for the best and average PQD performance, respectively). With such high brightness and stability, we applied our PQDs as quantum random number generators, which demonstrably passed all of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's randomness tests. Intriguingly, all of the PQDs exhibited self-healing behavior and restored their PL intensities to greater than half of their initial values after excitation at extremely high intensity. Half of the PQDs even recovered almost all of their initial PL intensity. The robust properties of these spray-synthesized PQDs resulted from high crystallinity and good ligand encapsulation. Our results suggest that spray-synthesized PQDs have great potential for use in future quantum technologies (e.g., quantum communication, quantum cryptography, and quantum computing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tang Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Brumberg
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Lih-J Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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19
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Yu B, Zhang C, Chen L, Huang X, Qin Z, Wang X, Xiao M. Exciton linewidth broadening induced by exciton-phonon interactions in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:214502. [PMID: 34240983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dephasing of excitonic transitions in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals has been studied using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The exciton-phonon interactions for acoustic and optical modes exhibit different effects on the coherent dynamics of excitonic transitions. The homogeneous linewidth shows a proportional dependence on the temperature, suggesting the primary dephasing channel of the elastic scattering between exciton and acoustic modes. The exciton-optical mode interaction is manifested as the beatings of off-diagonal signals in the population time domain at the frequencies of 29 and 51 cm-1, indicating phonon replicas of excitonic transitions arising from coherent exciton-phonon interaction. The insight information of exciton homogeneous broadening in perovskite nanocrystals is essential for the potential application of quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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20
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Lv B, Zhu T, Tang Y, Lv Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Shu D, Xiao M. Probing Permanent Dipole Moments and Removing Exciton Fine Structures in Single Perovskite Nanocrystals by an Electric Field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:197403. [PMID: 34047589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.197403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Single perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as a novel type of semiconductor nanostructure capable of emitting single photons with rich exciton species and fine energy-level structures. Here we focus on single excitons and biexcitons in single perovskite CsPbI_{3} nanocrystals to show, for the first time, how their optical properties are modulated by an external electric field at the cryogenic temperature. The electric field can cause a blueshift in the photoluminescence peak of single excitons, from which the existence of a permanent dipole moment can be deduced. Meanwhile, the fine energy-level structures of single excitons and biexcitons in a single CsPbI_{3} nanocrystal can be simultaneously eliminated, thus preparing a potent platform for the potential generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihu Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ying Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dajun Shu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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21
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Revealing the Exciton Fine Structure in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041058. [PMID: 33924196 PMCID: PMC8074593 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are attractive nano-building blocks for photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices as well as quantum light sources. Such developments require a better knowledge of the fundamental electronic and optical properties of the band-edge exciton, whose fine structure has long been debated. In this review, we give an overview of recent magneto-optical spectroscopic studies revealing the entire excitonic fine structure and relaxation mechanisms in these materials, using a single-NC approach to get rid of their inhomogeneities in morphology and crystal structure. We highlight the prominent role of the electron-hole exchange interaction in the order and splitting of the bright triplet and dark singlet exciton sublevels and discuss the effects of size, shape anisotropy and dielectric screening on the fine structure. The spectral and temporal manifestations of thermal mixing between bright and dark excitons allows extracting the specific nature and strength of the exciton–phonon coupling, which provides an explanation for their remarkably bright photoluminescence at low temperature although the ground exciton state is optically inactive. We also decipher the spectroscopic characteristics of other charge complexes whose recombination contributes to photoluminescence. With the rich knowledge gained from these experiments, we provide some perspectives on perovskite NCs as quantum light sources.
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22
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Exciton-acoustic phonon coupling revealed by resonant excitation of single perovskite nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2192. [PMID: 33850150 PMCID: PMC8044187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single perovskite nanocrystals have attracted great research attention very recently due to their potential quantum-information applications, which critically depend on the development of powerful optical techniques to resolve delicate exciton photophysics. Here we have realized resonant and near-resonant excitations of single perovskite CsPbI3 nanocrystals, with the scattered laser light contributing to only ~10% of the total collected signals. This allows us to estimate an ultranarrow photoluminescence excitation linewidth of ~11.32 µeV for the emission state of a single CsPbI3 nanocrystal, corresponding to an exciton dephasing time of ~116.29 ps. Meanwhile, size-quantized acoustic phonons can be resolved from a single CsPbI3 nanocrystal, whose coupling with the exciton is proposed to arise from the piezoelectric potential. The ability to collect resonance fluorescence from single CsPbI3 nanocrystals, with the subsequent revelation of exciton-acoustic phonon coupling, has marked a critical step towards their steady advancement into superior quantum-light sources. In order to develop perovskite nanocrystals as a single-photon source, there is a need to understand the complex exciton photo-physics. Here, the authors employ resonant and near-resonant excitation technique to study single CsPbI3 nanocrystal that allows them to probe the continuous and size-quantised acoustic-phonon modes.
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23
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Hua Y, Wei Y, Chen B, Liu Z, He Z, Xing Z, Liu S, Huang P, Chen Y, Gao Y, Liu J. Directional and Fast Photoluminescence from CsPbI 3 Nanocrystals Coupled to Dielectric Circular Bragg Gratings. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:422. [PMID: 33924292 PMCID: PMC8070426 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), especially the all-inorganic perovskite NCs, have drawn substantial attention for both fundamental research and device applications in recent years due to their unique optoelectronic properties. To build high-performance nanophotonic devices based on perovskite NCs, it is highly desirable to couple the NCs to photonic nanostructures for enhancing the radiative emission rate and improving the emission directionality of the NCs. In this work, we synthesized high-quality CsPbI3 NCs and further coupled them to dielectric circular Bragg gratings (CBGs). The efficient couplings between the perovskite NCs and the CBGs resulted in a 45.9-fold enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity and 3.2-fold acceleration of the radiative emission rate. Our work serves as an important step for building high-performance nanophotonic light emitting devices by integrating perovskite NCs with photonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Zhuojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Zhe He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Zeyu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Peinian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Interdisciplinary Study, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (B.C.); (Z.L.); (Z.H.); (Z.X.); (S.L.); (P.H.)
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24
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Huang X, Chen L, Zhang C, Qin Z, Yu B, Wang X, Xiao M. Inhomogeneous Biexciton Binding in Perovskite Semiconductor Nanocrystals Measured with Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10173-10181. [PMID: 33197186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite semiconductor nanocrystals have emerged as an excellent family of materials for optoelectronic applications, where biexciton interaction is essential for optical gain generation and quantum light emission. However, the strength of biexciton interaction remains highly controversial due to the entangled spectral features of the exciton- and biexciton-related transitions in conventional measurement approaches. Here, we tackle the limitation by using polarization-dependent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and quantify the excitation energy-dependent biexciton binding energy at cryogenic temperatures. The biexciton binding energy increases with excitation energy, which can be modeled as a near inverse-square size dependence in the effective mass approximation considering the quantum confinement effect. The spectral line width for the exciton-biexciton transition is much broader than that for the ground state to exciton transition, suggesting weakly correlated broadening between these transitions. These inhomogeneity effects should be carefully considered for the future demonstration of optoelectronic applications relying on coherent exciton-biexciton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Buyang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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25
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The dark exciton ground state promotes photon-pair emission in individual perovskite nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6001. [PMID: 33243976 PMCID: PMC7691346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cesium lead halide perovskites exhibit outstanding optical and electronic properties for a wide range of applications in optoelectronics and for light-emitting devices. Yet, the physics of the band-edge exciton, whose recombination is at the origin of the photoluminescence, is not elucidated. Here, we unveil the exciton fine structure of individual cesium lead iodide perovskite nanocrystals and demonstrate that it is governed by the electron-hole exchange interaction and nanocrystal shape anisotropy. The lowest-energy exciton state is a long-lived dark singlet state, which promotes the creation of biexcitons at low temperatures and thus correlated photon pairs. These bright quantum emitters in the near-infrared have a photon statistics that can readily be tuned from bunching to antibunching, using magnetic or thermal coupling between dark and bright exciton sublevels. The optical and electronic properties of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are dictated by the band-edge exciton, whose physics is not elucidated. Here, the authors unveil its fine structure and demonstrate that the ground dark singlet state promotes the creation of biexcitons at low temperatures and thus correlated photon pairs.
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26
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Zhang X, Wang H, Wang S, Hu Y, Liu X, Shi Z, Colvin VL, Wang S, Yu WW, Zhang Y. Room Temperature Synthesis of All Inorganic Lead-Free Zero-Dimensional Cs 4SnBr 6 and Cs 3KSnBr 6 Perovskites. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:533-538. [PMID: 31840991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are excellent candidates for photoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, but the toxicity from lead is extremely concerning. Recently, Sn-based zero-dimensional lead-free perovskites synthesized using solid-state reaction techniques have become a new focus in the field. Here, we report a simple room temperature antisolvent method for the synthesis of all inorganic lead-free green emissive Cs4SnBr6 (emission at 524 nm) and cyan emissive Cs3KSnBr6 (emission at 500 nm) zero-dimensional perovskites. Their photoluminescence quantum yields reach 20% and 35%, respectively. In addition, they maintain their emission for 46 and 55 h in the air, respectively, compared to only 5 min of CsSnBr3. This method provides a convenient way to do the research and apply these highly emissive perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Louisiana State University , Shreveport , Louisiana 71115 , United States
| | - Shixun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute for Micromanufacturing , Louisiana Tech University , Ruston , Louisiana 71270 , United States
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , China
| | - Vicki L Colvin
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Shengnian Wang
- Institute for Micromanufacturing , Louisiana Tech University , Ruston , Louisiana 71270 , United States
| | - William W Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China.,Department of Chemistry and Physics , Louisiana State University , Shreveport , Louisiana 71115 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
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27
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Zhou C, Chu Y, Ma L, Zhong Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang B, Feng X, Yu X, Zhang X, Sun Y, Li X, Zhao G. Photoluminescence spectral broadening, chirality transfer and amplification of chiral perovskite materials (R-X-p-mBZA)2PbBr4 (X = H, F, Cl, Br) regulated by van der Waals and halogen atoms interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17299-17305. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We introduced halogen-substituted chiral molecules as A-site cations to synthesize a series of novel organic–inorganic hybrid 2D chiral perovskite materials (R-X-p-mBZA)2PbBr4 (X = H, F, Cl, Br; p: para-position; mBZA = α-methylbenzylamine).
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28
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Guo T, Bose R, Zhou X, Gartstein YN, Yang H, Kwon S, Kim MJ, Lutfullin M, Sinatra L, Gereige I, Al-Saggaf A, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF, Malko AV. Delayed Photoluminescence and Modified Blinking Statistics in Alumina-Encapsulated Zero-Dimensional Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6780-6787. [PMID: 31613634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) properties of individual zero-dimensional (0D) Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) upon encapsulation by alumina using an appropriately modified atomic layer deposition method. In addition to the increased PL intensity and improved long-term stability of encapsulated PNCs, our single-particle studies reveal substantial changes in the PL blinking statistics and the persistent appearance of the long-lived, "delayed" PL components. The blinking patterns exhibit a modification from the fast switching between fluorescent ON and OFF states found in bare PNCs to a behavior with longer ON states and more isolated OFF states in alumina-encapsulated PNCs. Controlled exposure of 0D nanocrystals to moisture suggests that the observed PL lifetime changes may be related to water-induced "reservoir" states that allow for longer-lived charge storage with subsequent back-feeding into the emissive states. Viable encapsulation of PNCs with metal oxides that can preserve and even enhance their PL properties can be utilized in the fabrication of extended structures on their basis for optoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haoze Yang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Marat Lutfullin
- Quantum Solutions LLC , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lutfan Sinatra
- Quantum Solutions LLC , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Issam Gereige
- Saudi Aramco Research & Development Center , Dhahran 31311 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Saggaf
- Saudi Aramco Research & Development Center , Dhahran 31311 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Cao Z, Lv B, Zhang H, Lv Y, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Wang X, Xiao M. Two-photon excited photoluminescence of single perovskite nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154201. [PMID: 31640389 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a novel type of semiconductor nanostructure, attracting great research interests in both fundamental science and practical applications. Here, we compare the optical properties of single CsPbI3 NCs under both one-photon and two-photon excitations, mainly including the photoluminescence (PL) blinking and PL decay dynamics. By means of the PL saturation effect caused by multi-exciton Auger recombination, we have also estimated a two-photon absorption cross section of ∼6.8 × 106 GM for single CsPbI3 NCs. The ability to realize efficient two-photon excitation of single perovskite NCs with strongly suppressed background fluorescence will help not only to promote their bio-imaging and biolabeling applications but also to reveal and manipulate their delicate electronic structures for potential usage in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengle Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bihu Lv
- Research Center for Smart Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huichao Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yan Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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