1
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Monbaliu JCM, Legros J. Will the next generation of chemical plants be in miniaturized flow reactors? LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1349-1357. [PMID: 36278262 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00796g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For decades, a production paradigm based on centralized, stepwise, large scale processes has dominated the chemical industry horizon. While effective to meet an ever increasing demand for high value-added chemicals, the so-called macroscopic batch reactors are also associated with inherent weaknesses and threats; some of the most obvious ones were tragically illustrated over the past decades with major industrial disasters and impactful disruptions of advanced chemical supplies. The COVID pandemic has further emphasized that a change in paradigm was necessary to sustain chemical production with an increased safety, reliable supply chains and adaptable productivities. More than a decade of research and technology development has led to alternative and effective chemical processes relying on miniaturised flow reactors (a.k.a. micro and mesofluidic reactors). Such miniaturised reactors bear the potential to solve safety concerns and to improve the reliability of chemical supply chains. Will they initiate a new paradigm for a more localized, safe and reliable chemical production?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium.
| | - Julien Legros
- COBRA Laboratory, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France.
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2
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Frede TA, Hofe NV, Reuß RJ, Kemmerling N, Kock T, Herbstritt F, Kockmann N. Design and characterization of a flow reaction calorimeter based on FlowPlate® Lab and Peltier elements. REACT CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microscale flow reaction calorimeter based on commercially available hastelloy C-22 microreactor for isoperibolic and isothermal operation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Frede
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nils vom Hofe
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rafael Jasper Reuß
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Kemmerling
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tobias Kock
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frank Herbstritt
- Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 1, 55234 Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Bozinovic N, Aguiar VMD, Ferry A, Gallier F, Lubin-Germain N, Uziel J, Miranda LSDME. Studies on the synthesis of 1'-CN-triazolyl- C-ribosides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7261-7269. [PMID: 36069280 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for broad-spectrum antiviral compounds is a continuous mandatory effort. The recent approval of the first C-nucleoside carrying a nitrile as a substituent at the C1' position of the ribose ring has raised interest in this underexplored substitution pattern. We have previously reported the development of different 1,2,3-triazolyl-C-ribonucleosides with anticancer and antiviral activities. Herein we report our results on the incorporation of a C1'-CN group in 1,2,3-triazolyl-C-ribonucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bozinovic
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Viviane Marques de Aguiar
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Centro de Tecnologia, Bl A, 21941909 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Angélique Ferry
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Florian Gallier
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | | | - Jacques Uziel
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Leandro Soter de Mariz E Miranda
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France.,Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Centro de Tecnologia, Bl A, 21941909 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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4
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Koltun DS, Ivanov SM. Synthesis, spectral properties, single-crystal structure and DFT studies of novel photoacid generators based on difluoroacetyl-1,2,4-triazines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Jung E, Soto-Acosta R, Xie J, Wilson DJ, Dreis CD, Majima R, Edwards TC, Geraghty RJ, Chen L. Bisubstate Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Nsp14 Methyltransferase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1477-1484. [PMID: 36097498 PMCID: PMC9344893 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Jung
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ruben Soto-Acosta
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel J. Wilson
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christine D. Dreis
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ryuichi Majima
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tiffany C. Edwards
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert J. Geraghty
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Scattolin T, Simoens A, Stevens CV, Nolan SP. Flow chemistry of main group and transition metal complexes. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Stevens AC, Brak K, Bremner WS, Brown AM, Chtchemelinine A, Heumann L, Kerschen JA, Subotkowski W, Vieira T, Wolfe LC, Xu B, Yu CY. Development of a Scalable Lanthanide Halide/Quaternary Ammonium Salt System for the Nucleophilic Addition of Grignard Reagents to Carbonyl Groups and Application to the Synthesis of a Remdesivir Intermediate. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Stevens
- Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Katrien Brak
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - W. Stacy Bremner
- Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Angela M. Brown
- J-Star Research Inc., 3001 Hadley Road #3, South Plainsfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Andrei Chtchemelinine
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Lars Heumann
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - James A. Kerschen
- J-Star Research Inc., 3001 Hadley Road #3, South Plainsfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Witold Subotkowski
- J-Star Research Inc., 3001 Hadley Road #3, South Plainsfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Tiago Vieira
- Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lydia C. Wolfe
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Boran Xu
- Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Chia-Yun Yu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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8
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Samineni R, Eda V, Rao P, Sen S, Oruganti S. Grignard Reagents as Niche Bases in the Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Molecules. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Samineni
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS) Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad campus, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Vishnuvardhana Eda
- Center for Process Research and Innovation (CPRI) Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad campus, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Pallavi Rao
- Center for Process Research and Innovation (CPRI) Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad campus, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Saikat Sen
- Center for Process Research and Innovation (CPRI) Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad campus, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Srinivas Oruganti
- Center for Process Research and Innovation (CPRI) Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad campus, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
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9
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Roy S, Yadaw A, Roy S, Sirasani G, Gangu A, Brown JD, Armstrong JD, Stringham RW, Gupton BF, Senanayake CH, Snead DR. Facile and Scalable Methodology for the Pyrrolo[2,1- f][1,2,4]triazine of Remdesivir. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:82-90. [PMID: 35095258 PMCID: PMC8787819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine (1) is an important regulatory starting material in the production of the antiviral drug remdesivir. Compound 1 was produced through a newly developed synthetic methodology utilizing simple building blocks such as pyrrole, chloramine, and formamidine acetate by examining the mechanistic pathway for the process optimization exercise. Triazine 1 was obtained in 55% overall yield in a two-vessel-operated process. This work describes the safety of the process, impurity profiles and control, and efforts toward the scale-up of triazine for the preparation of kilogram quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabindu Roy
- Kolkata
- R&D Centre, TCG Lifesciences Private
Limited, Chemistry, Block
BN, Plot 7, Salt Lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India
| | - Ajay Yadaw
- Kolkata
- R&D Centre, TCG Lifesciences Private
Limited, Chemistry, Block
BN, Plot 7, Salt Lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India
| | - Subho Roy
- Kolkata
- R&D Centre, TCG Lifesciences Private
Limited, Chemistry, Block
BN, Plot 7, Salt Lake Electronics Complex, Sector V, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India
| | - Gopal Sirasani
- TCG
GreenChem, Inc., 737
North 5th Street, Suite 467, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Aravind Gangu
- TCG
GreenChem, Inc., 737
North 5th Street, Suite 467, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Jack D. Brown
- TCG
GreenChem, Inc., 737
North 5th Street, Suite 467, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Joseph D. Armstrong
- TCG
GreenChem, Inc., 737
North 5th Street, Suite 467, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Rodger W. Stringham
- Medicines
for All Institute, 737
N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United
States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Medicines
for All Institute, 737
N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United
States
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- TCG
GreenChem, Inc., 737
North 5th Street, Suite 467, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - David R. Snead
- Medicines
for All Institute, 737
N 5th Street, Box 980100, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United
States
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10
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Kumar Palli K, Ghosh P, Krishna Avula S, Sridhara Shanmukha Rao B, Patil AD, Ghosh S, Sudhakar G, Raji Reddy C, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. Total synthesis of remdesivir. Tetrahedron Lett 2022; 88:153590. [PMID: 34908617 PMCID: PMC8656175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir, the first drug approved by the FDA to treat COVID-19, is in high demand for patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Herein, we report a facile approach minimizing the protecting group manipulations to afford remdesivir in good overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Palli
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Palash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shiva Krishna Avula
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - B. Sridhara Shanmukha Rao
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amol D. Patil
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gangarajula Sudhakar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India,Corresponding author at: Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
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11
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Grande CA, Didriksen T. Production of Customized Reactors by 3D Printing for Corrosive and Exothermic Reactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Grande
- SINTEF Industry, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center & Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Mironovich LM, Ivanov SM, Koltun DS. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 3-tert-BUTYL- PYRAZOLO[5,1-с][1,2,4]TRIAZINE-3,4-DIYL DICARBOXYLATES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [PMCID: PMC8594640 DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
By single crystal X-ray diffraction the structures of (trans-)7-R1-8-methyl-3-tert-butyl-3,4-dihydropyrazolo[5,1-с][1,2,4]triazine-3,4-diyl dibenzoates 3а, 4а (R1 = H, Br) and diacetate 3b (R1 = H) are studied for the first time. The compounds are synthesized by oxidative bromination of respective 1,4-dihydropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines in the presence of carboxylic acids. Dicarboxylates adopt a twist-conformation with the equatorial (3a) or axial (3b, 4a) orientation of tert-butyl groups relative to the heterocycle. In the case of diacetate 3b, a decrease in the thermal motion of the O4–C16–C17 fragment along with a decrease in the unit cell volume are observed on cooling from 300 K to 200 K. Bond lengths, torsion angles, and molecular packings in the crystals are discussed. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. M. Ivanov
- Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D. S. Koltun
- Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Vargas D, Larghi EL, Kaufman TS. Evolution of the Synthesis of Remdesivir. Classical Approaches and Most Recent Advances. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19356-19363. [PMID: 34368522 PMCID: PMC8340098 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The broad-spectrum antiviral Remdesivir, a monophosphate nucleoside analogue prodrug (ProTide), was repurposed. In May 2020, it received emergency approval by the FDA, being the first drug approved to fight the new coronavirus (COVID-19) disease which targets the virus directly. The main synthetic strategies toward Remdesivir, and their relevant modifications, are presented and discussed, to provide a panoramic view of the state-of-the-art and the more important advances in this field. Recent progress, proposed improvements, and uses of novel technologies for the synthetic sequence are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier
F. Vargas
- Instituto de Química Rosario
(IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and National University of Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique L. Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario
(IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and National University of Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario
(IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and National University of Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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14
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Li B, Barnhart RW, Dion A, Guinness S, Happe A, Hayward CM, Kohrt J, Makowski T, Maloney M, Nelson JD, Nematalla A, McWilliams JC, Peng Z, Raggon J, Sagal J, Weisenburger GA, Bao D, Gonzalez M, Lu J, McLaws MD, Tao J, Wu B. Process Development of a Second Generation β-Amyloid-Cleaving Enzyme Inhibitor—Improving the Robustness of a Halogen-Metal Exchange Using Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactors. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Li
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- Chemical Research & Development La Jolla Laboratory, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Richard W. Barnhart
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amelie Dion
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven Guinness
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alan Happe
- Chemical Research & Development Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9ND, U.K
| | - Cheryl M. Hayward
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey Kohrt
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Teresa Makowski
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Maloney
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jade D. Nelson
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Asaad Nematalla
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - J. Christopher McWilliams
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhihui Peng
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey Raggon
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Sagal
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gerald A. Weisenburger
- Chemical Research & Development, Worldwide Research Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Denghui Bao
- Asymchem Life Science Co. Limited, No. 71, 7th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Miguel Gonzalez
- Asymchem Life Science Co. Limited, No. 71, 7th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiangping Lu
- Asymchem Life Science Co. Limited, No. 71, 7th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mark D. McLaws
- Asymchem Life Science Co. Limited, No. 71, 7th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jian Tao
- Asymchem Life Science Co. Limited, No. 71, 7th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Asymchem Life Science Co. Limited, No. 71, 7th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
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15
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Hughes DL. Quest for a Cure: Potential Small-Molecule Treatments for COVID-19, Part 2. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:1089-1111. [PMID: 37556259 PMCID: PMC8084274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the first year of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many drugs and drug candidates have been evaluated as treatment options. None yet has proved to be an effective cure, but progress in controlling the disease has been made. In June 2020 we published an article that described the mechanistic rationale behind the repurposing of seven licensed drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 and reviewed synthetic routes to these drugs. Several developments have occurred since then. Remdesivir (trade name Veklury) has been approved for use in the U.S. and Europe. Dexamethasone, a steroid drug first approved in 1959, has shown mortality reduction in severe COVID patients. Molnupiravir, a new and promising oral antiviral drug, is being studied in late-stage clinical trials. In this review, we update synthetic work that has been recently published on remdesivir, provide an overview of several routes to molnupiravir, and review classical routes to dexamethasone as well as some of those more recently developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Hughes
- sp3 Pharma Consulting, 6755 Mira Mesa Boulevard,
STE123-217, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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16
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Ivanov SM, Koltun DS. Synthesis and crystal structures of 7,8-bromo (dibromo)-3- tert-butylpyrazolo[5,1- c][1,2,4]triazines. Struct Chem 2021; 32:1553-1562. [PMID: 33814866 PMCID: PMC8006638 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal structures in a series of 7-bromo-, 8-bromo-, and 7,8-dibromo-3-tert-butylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-ones have been investigated by X-ray diffraction. Novel 7-bromo- and 7,8-dibromo-3-tert-butylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines were synthesized by reduction of triazine carbonyl with dehydrative aromatization in acidic media, and their XRD structural features were compared with that of the 4-oxo analogs. The lengths and bond angles and the packing of molecules in crystals have been considered. Non-valence interactions for some of the studied compounds were observed. Correlations between the presence of bromine atoms at different positions and structural features are determined. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11224-021-01768-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Ivanov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis S. Koltun
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Xie Y, Hu T, Zhang Y, Wei D, Zheng W, Zhu F, Tian G, Aisa HA, Shen J. Weinreb Amide Approach to the Practical Synthesis of a Key Remdesivir Intermediate. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5065-5072. [PMID: 33733767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, remdesivir is the first and only FDA-approved antiviral drug for COVID-19 treatment. Adequate supplies of remdesivir are highly warranted to cope with this global public health crisis. Herein, we report a Weinreb amide approach for preparing the key intermediate of remdesivir in the glycosylation step where overaddition side reactions are eliminated. Starting from 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-d-ribonolactone, the preferred route consisting of three sequential steps (Weinreb amidation, O-TMS protection, and Grignard addition) enables a high-yield (65%) synthesis of this intermediate at a kilogram scale. In particular, the undesirable PhMgCl used in previous methods was successfully replaced by MeMgBr. This approach proved to be suitable for the scalable production of the key remdesivir intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Tianwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Daibao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Zhu
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., No. 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Tian
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd., No. 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Haji A Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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18
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Adhikari B, Sahu N. COVID-19 into Chemical Science Perspective: Chemical Preventive Measures and Drug Development. ChemistrySelect 2021; 6:2010-2028. [PMID: 33821213 PMCID: PMC8013609 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 facts and literature are discussed into chemical science intuition highlighting the direct role of chemistry to the ongoing global pandemic by covering structural identification of the virus, chemical preventive measures and development of drugs. We reviewed the four most promising repurposed drugs which are presently being investigated in mass clinical trials on COVID-19 infected persons and synthetic routes of these drugs with their recent advancement. Chemical preventive measures such as soap water, hand sanitizer and disinfectant are the only available options in the arsenal to fight against COVID-19, till an effective medicine or vaccine will be made available. As such the present review will focus on the mode of action of the major chemical preventives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Adhikari
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela RourkelaOdisha769008India
| | - Nihar Sahu
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela RourkelaOdisha769008India
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von Keutz T, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Flash Chemistry Approach to Organometallic C-Glycosylation for the Synthesis of Remdesivir. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo von Keutz
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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20
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Wang H, Li B, Sun C, Lu S, Kang L, Jiang S. New and Practical Synthesis of GS-441524, the Key Intermediate of Remdesivir. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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