1
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Le DN, Johnson HC, Lam YH, Sun C, Cheng L, Belyk KM. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of Belzutifan Enabled by Rh-Catalyzed Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2024; 26:4059-4064. [PMID: 38709100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a nine-step synthesis of belzutifan enabled by a novel Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation to install the contiguous fluorinated stereocenters with high enantioselectivity. Moreover, the final ketone reduction in the synthesis proceeds with high diastereoselectivity, leading to the expedient assembly of the stereotriad. In contrast to the original 16-step synthesis, this route avoids a lengthy bromination-oxidation sequence and introduces the sulfone functionality via nucleophilic aromatic substitution, obviating the need for transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane N Le
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Heather C Johnson
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Chunrui Sun
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lili Cheng
- Chemistry Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Tianjin), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kevin M Belyk
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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2
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Christensen M, Xu Y, Kwan EE, Di Maso MJ, Ji Y, Reibarkh M, Sun AC, Liaw A, Fier PS, Grosser S, Hein JE. Dynamic sampling in autonomous process optimization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7160-7169. [PMID: 38756794 PMCID: PMC11095507 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Autonomous process optimization (APO) is a technology that has recently found utility in a multitude of process optimization challenges. In contrast to most APO examples in microflow reactor systems, we recently presented a system capable of optimization in high-throughput batch reactor systems. The drawback of APO in a high-throughput batch reactor system is the reliance on reaction sampling at a predetermined static timepoint rather than a dynamic endpoint. Static timepoint sampling can lead to the inconsistent capture of the process performance under each process parameter permutation. This is important because critical process behaviors such as rate acceleration accompanied by decomposition could be missed entirely. To address this drawback, we implemented a dynamic reaction endpoint determination strategy to capture the product purity once the process stream stabilized. We accomplished this through the incorporation of a real-time plateau detection algorithm into the APO workflow to measure and report the product purity at the dynamically determined reaction endpoint. We then applied this strategy to the autonomous optimization of a photobromination reaction towards the synthesis of a pharmaceutically relevant intermediate. In doing so, we not only uncovered process conditions to access the desired monohalogenation product in 85 UPLC area % purity with minimal decomposition risk, but also measured the effect of each parameter on the process performance. Our results highlight the advantage of incorporating dynamic sampling in APO workflows to drive optimization toward a stable and high-performing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Eugene E Kwan
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Michael J Di Maso
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Yining Ji
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Alexandra C Sun
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Andy Liaw
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Patrick S Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Shane Grosser
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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3
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Le DN, Reibarkh M, DiRocco DA, Ji Y. Overcoming Product Inhibition in a Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:804-808. [PMID: 38232150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction for the synthesis of belzutifan and related analogues is disclosed. This classical transformation suffered from reaction stalling, despite prolonged reaction times. Through experimental and mechanistic studies, product inhibition was revealed and rationalized. Herein, we describe our efforts to overcome this synthetic challenge and demonstrate the importance of the judicious choice of the solvent to achieve reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane N Le
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel A DiRocco
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yining Ji
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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4
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Slattery A, Wen Z, Tenblad P, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Pintossi D, den Hartog T, Noël T. Automated self-optimization, intensification, and scale-up of photocatalysis in flow. Science 2024; 383:eadj1817. [PMID: 38271529 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The optimization, intensification, and scale-up of photochemical processes constitute a particular challenge in a manufacturing environment geared primarily toward thermal chemistry. In this work, we present a versatile flow-based robotic platform to address these challenges through the integration of readily available hardware and custom software. Our open-source platform combines a liquid handler, syringe pumps, a tunable continuous-flow photoreactor, inexpensive Internet of Things devices, and an in-line benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer to enable automated, data-rich optimization with a closed-loop Bayesian optimization strategy. A user-friendly graphical interface allows chemists without programming or machine learning expertise to easily monitor, analyze, and improve photocatalytic reactions with respect to both continuous and discrete variables. The system's effectiveness was demonstrated by increasing overall reaction yields and improving space-time yields compared with those of previously reported processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Slattery
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhenghui Wen
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pauline Tenblad
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diego Pintossi
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim den Hartog
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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McInturff EL, France SP, Leverett CA, Flick AC, Lindsey EA, Berritt S, Carney DW, DeForest JC, Ding HX, Fink SJ, Gibson TS, Gray K, Hubbell AK, Johnson AM, Liu Y, Mahapatra S, McAlpine IJ, Watson RB, O'Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved During 2021. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10150-10201. [PMID: 37528515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Each year, new drugs are introduced to the market, representing structures that have affinity for biological targets implicated in human diseases and conditions. These new chemical entities (NCEs), particularly small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates, provide insight into molecular recognition and serve as potential leads for the design of future medicines. This annual review is part of a continuing series highlighting the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 35 NCEs that were first approved anywhere in the world during 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L McInturff
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott P France
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carolyn A Leverett
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew C Flick
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob C DeForest
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hong X Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Sarah J Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tony S Gibson
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Gray
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aran K Hubbell
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Indrawan J McAlpine
- Genesis Therapeutics, 11568 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 8, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rebecca B Watson
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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6
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Zondag SDA, Mazzarella D, Noël T. Scale-Up of Photochemical Reactions: Transitioning from Lab Scale to Industrial Production. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2023; 14:283-300. [PMID: 36913716 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-074313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, we have witnessed a rapid emergence of new and powerful photochemical and photocatalytic synthetic methods. Although these methods have been used mostly on a small scale, there is a growing need for efficient scale-up of photochemistry in the chemical industry. This review summarizes and contextualizes the advancements made in the past decade regarding the scale-up of photo-mediated synthetic transformations. Simple scale-up concepts and important fundamental photochemical laws have been provided along with a discussion concerning suitable reactor designs that should facilitate scale-up of this challenging class of organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D A Zondag
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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7
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Capaldo L, Wen Z, Noël T. A field guide to flow chemistry for synthetic organic chemists. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4230-4247. [PMID: 37123197 PMCID: PMC10132167 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00992k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow chemistry has unlocked a world of possibilities for the synthetic community, but the idea that it is a mysterious "black box" needs to go. In this review, we show that several of the benefits of microreactor technology can be exploited to push the boundaries in organic synthesis and to unleash unique reactivity and selectivity. By "lifting the veil" on some of the governing principles behind the observed trends, we hope that this review will serve as a useful field guide for those interested in diving into flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Zhenghui Wen
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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8
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Cohen B, Lehnherr D, Sezen-Edmonds M, Forstater JH, Frederick MO, Deng L, Ferretti AC, Harper K, Diwan M. Emerging Reaction Technologies in Pharmaceutical Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, and Biocatalysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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9
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Flow photochemistry — from microreactors to large-scale processing. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Cole KP, Douglas JJ, Hammerstad T, Stephenson CRJ. Visible-Light Photocatalysis Academic–Industrial Collaboration Retrospective: Shared Learning and Impact Analysis. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Cole
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - James J. Douglas
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Travis Hammerstad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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McMullen JP, Wyvratt BM. Automated optimization under dynamic flow conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00256f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The combination of feedback optimization with dynamic operations leads to enhanced data-rich experimentation in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian M. Wyvratt
- Merck & Co., Inc., 26 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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12
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Oliveira PHR, Tordato ÉA, Vélez JAC, Carneiro PS, Paixão MW. Visible-Light Mediated Carbamoylation of Nitrones under a Continuous Flow Regime. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6407-6419. [PMID: 36576774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a rapid and scalable continuous-flow photocatalytic approach for the carbamoylation of nitrones. This protocol makes use of readily available 4-amido-1,4 dihydropyridines as carbamoyl radical precursors. The scope of this transformation exhibits high compatibility with complex structures containing amino acids, peptides, and glycosides. Importantly, the developed method allows a photocatalytic synthetic strategy in combination with flow conditions, maximizing the potential and efficiency for the synthesis of valuable α-(N-hydroxy)amino amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H R Oliveira
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Éverton A Tordato
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jeimy A C Vélez
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Pablo S Carneiro
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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13
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Ruck RT, Strotman NA, Krska SW. The Catalysis Laboratory at Merck: 20 Years of Catalyzing Innovation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supplies, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Chemistry Capabilities Accelerating Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
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14
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Membrane-based TBADT recovery as a strategy to increase the sustainability of continuous-flow photocatalytic HAT transformations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6147. [PMID: 36257941 PMCID: PMC9579200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes have been the object of numerous studies showcasing the potential of the homogeneous photocatalyst tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) for the functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds. However, to translate these studies into large-scale industrial processes, careful considerations of catalyst loading, cost, and removal are required. This work presents organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) as an answer to reduce TBADT consumption, increase its turnover number and lower its concentration in the product solution, thus enabling large-scale photocatalytic HAT-based transformations. The operating parameters for a suitable membrane for TBADT recovery in acetonitrile were optimized. Continuous photocatalytic C(sp3)-H alkylation and amination reactions were carried out with in-line TBADT recovery via two OSN steps. Promisingly, the observed product yields for the reactions with in-line catalyst recycling are comparable to those of reactions performed with pristine TBADT, therefore highlighting that not only catalyst recovery (>99%, TON > 8400) is a possibility, but also that it does not happen at the expense of reaction performance.
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15
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Hsu WH, Reischauer S, Seeberger PH, Pieber B, Cambié D. Heterogeneous metallaphotoredox catalysis in a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1123-1130. [PMID: 36105732 PMCID: PMC9443413 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox catalysis is a powerful and versatile synthetic platform that enables cross-couplings under mild conditions without the need for noble metals. Its growing adoption in drug discovery has translated into an increased interest in sustainable and scalable reaction conditions. Here, we report a continuous-flow approach to metallaphotoredox catalysis using a heterogeneous catalyst that combines the function of a photo- and a nickel catalyst in a single material. The catalyst is embedded in a packed-bed reactor to combine reaction and (catalyst) separation in one step. The use of a packed bed simplifies the translation of optimized batch reaction conditions to continuous flow, as the only components present in the reaction mixture are the substrate and a base. The metallaphotoredox cross-coupling of sulfinates with aryl halides was used as a model system. The catalyst was shown to be stable, with a very low decrease of the yield (≈1% per day) during a continuous experiment over seven days, and to be effective for C–O arylations when carboxylic acids are used as nucleophile instead of sulfinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Hsu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dario Cambié
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Ziegenbalg D, Pannwitz A, Rau S, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B, Streb C. Comparative Evaluation of Light‐Driven Catalysis: A Framework for Standardized Reporting of Data**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114106. [PMID: 35698245 PMCID: PMC9401044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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17
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Bottecchia C, Lehnherr D, Lévesque F, Reibarkh M, Ji Y, Rodrigues VL, Wang H, Lam YH, Vickery TP, Armstrong BM, Mattern KA, Stone K, Wismer MK, Singh AN, Regalado EL, Maloney KM, Strotman NA. Kilo-Scale Electrochemical Oxidation of a Thioether to a Sulfone: A Workflow for Scaling up Electrosynthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bottecchia
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - François Lévesque
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yining Ji
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Thomas P. Vickery
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Brittany M. Armstrong
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Keith A. Mattern
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin Stone
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael K. Wismer
- Scientific Engineering and Design, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew N. Singh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L. Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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18
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Ziegenbalg D, Pannwitz A, Rau S, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B, Streb C. Vergleichende Evaluierung lichtgetriebener Katalyse: Ein Rahmenkonzept für das standardisierte Berichten von Daten**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institut für Chemieingenieurwesen Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Sven Rau
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Center of Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Department Funktionale Grenzflächen Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien Jena (IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Deutschland
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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19
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Van Kerrebroeck R, Horsten T, Stevens CV. BROMIDE OXIDATION: A SAFE STRATEGY FOR ELECTROPHILIC BROMINATIONS. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Horsten
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Green Chemistry and Technology BELGIUM
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20
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Radjagobalou R, Imbratta M, Bergraser J, Gaudeau M, Lyvinec G, Delbrayelle D, Jentzer O, Roudin J, Laroche B, Ognier S, Tatoulian M, Cossy J, Echeverria PG. Selective Photochemical Continuous Flow Benzylic Monochlorination. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Radjagobalou
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Miguel Imbratta
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Julie Bergraser
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Marion Gaudeau
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Gildas Lyvinec
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | | | - Olivier Jentzer
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Jérémy Roudin
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benjamin Laroche
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Ognier
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Michael Tatoulian
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
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21
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Chaudhuri A, Zondag SDA, Schuurmans JHA, van der Schaaf J, Noël T. Scale-Up of a Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation Using a Photochemical Rotor-Stator Spinning Disk Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:1279-1288. [PMID: 35464822 PMCID: PMC9017180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many chemical reactions
contain heterogeneous reagents, products,
byproducts, or catalysts, making their transposition from batch to
continuous-flow processing challenging. Herein, we report the use
of a photochemical rotor–stator spinning disk reactor (pRS-SDR)
that can handle and scale solid-containing photochemical reaction
conditions in flow. Its ability to handle slurries was showcased for
the TiO2-mediated aerobic photodegradation of aqueous methylene
blue. The use of a fast rotating disk imposes high shear forces on
the multiphase reaction mixture, ensuring its homogenization, increasing
the mass transfer, and improving the irradiation profile of the reaction
mixture. The pRS-SDR performance was also compared to other lab-scale
reactors in terms of water treated per reactor volume and light power
input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D A Zondag
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper H A Schuurmans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Schaaf
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Oh S, Stache EE. Chemical Upcycling of Commercial Polystyrene via Catalyst-Controlled Photooxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5745-5749. [PMID: 35319868 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical upcycling of polystyrene into targeted small molecules is desirable to reduce plastic pollution. Herein, we report the upcycling of polystyrene to benzoyl products, primarily benzoic acid, using a catalyst-controlled photooxidative degradation method. FeCl3 undergoes a homolytic cleavage upon irradiation with white light to generate a chlorine radical, abstracting an electron-rich hydrogen atom on the polymer backbone. Under the oxygen-rich environment, high MW polystyrene (>90 kg/mol) degrades down to <1 kg/mol and produces up to 23 mol % benzoyl products. A series of mechanistic studies showed that chlorine radicals promoted the degradation via hydrogen-atom abstraction. Commercial polystyrene degrades efficiently in our method, showing the compatibility of our system with polymer fillers. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of scaling up our approach in a photoflow process to convert gram quantities of PS to benzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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23
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Benedetto Tiz D, Bagnoli L, Rosati O, Marini F, Sancineto L, Santi C. New Halogen-Containing Drugs Approved by FDA in 2021: An Overview on Their Syntheses and Pharmaceutical Use. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051643. [PMID: 35268744 PMCID: PMC8912053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs (in the year 2021) containing at least one halogen atom (covalently bound). The structures proposed throughout this work are grouped according to their therapeutical use. Their synthesis is presented as well. The number of halogenated molecules that are reaching the market is regularly preserved, and 14 of the 50 molecules approved by the FDA in the last year contain halogens. This underlines the emergent role of halogens and, in particular, of fluorine and chlorine in the preparation of drugs for the treatment of several diseases such as viral infections, several types of cancer, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, migraine and inflammatory diseases such as vasculitis.
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24
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Harper KC, Zhang EX, Liu ZQ, Grieme T, Towne TB, Mack DJ, Griffin J, Zheng SY, Zhang NN, Gangula S, Yuan JL, Miller R, Huang PZ, Gage J, Diwan M, Ku YY. Commercial-Scale Visible Light Trifluoromethylation of 2-Chlorothiophenol Using CF3I Gas. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaid C. Harper
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - En-Xuan Zhang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qing Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Grieme
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Timothy B. Towne
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mack
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jeremy Griffin
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Song-Yuan Zheng
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Srinivas Gangula
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Long Yuan
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Robert Miller
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ping-Zhong Huang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - James Gage
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Moiz Diwan
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yi-Yin Ku
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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25
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Quasdorf K, Murray JI, Nguyen H, Silva Elipe MV, Ericson A, Kircher E, Guan L, Caille S. Development of a Continuous Photochemical Bromination/Alkylation Sequence En Route to AMG 423. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Quasdorf
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - James I. Murray
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hanh Nguyen
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Maria V. Silva Elipe
- Attribute Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ari Ericson
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Eric Kircher
- Attribute Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Lianxiu Guan
- Attribute Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Seb Caille
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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26
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Francis D, Blacker AJ, Kapur N, Marsden SP. Readily Reconfigurable Continuous-Stirred Tank Photochemical Reactor Platform. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Francis
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - A. John Blacker
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Nikil Kapur
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Marsden
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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27
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Wang T, Phillips EM, Dalby SM, Sirota E, Axnanda S, Shultz CS, Patel P, Waldman JH, Alwedi E, Wang X, Zawatzky K, Chow M, Padivitage N, Weisel M, Whittington M, Duan J, Lu T. Manufacturing Process Development for Belzutifan, Part 5: A Streamlined Fluorination–Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Process. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric M. Phillips
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric Sirota
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephanus Axnanda
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - C. Scott Shultz
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Pratiq Patel
- Chemical Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jacob H. Waldman
- Chemical Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Embarek Alwedi
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kerstin Zawatzky
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew Chow
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nilusha Padivitage
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark Weisel
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Whittington
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jianjun Duan
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
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28
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Pirnot M, Stone K, Wright TJ, Lamberto DJ, Schoell J, Lam YH, Zawatzky K, Wang X, Dalby SM, Fine AJ, McMullen JP. Manufacturing Process Development for Belzutifan, Part 6: Ensuring Scalability for a Deoxyfluorination Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pirnot
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kevin Stone
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Timothy J. Wright
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David J. Lamberto
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jochen Schoell
- Process Research and Development, MSD Werthenstein BioPharma, Industrie Nord 1, CH-6105 Schachen, Switzerland
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kerstin Zawatzky
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Adam J. Fine
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jonathan P. McMullen
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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29
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Salehi Marzijarani N, Fine AJ, Dalby SM, Gangam R, Poudyal S, Behre T, Ekkati AR, Armstrong BM, Shultz CS, Dance ZEX, Stone K. Manufacturing Process Development for Belzutifan, Part 4: Nitrogen Flow Criticality for Transfer Hydrogenation Control. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Fine
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rekha Gangam
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Samiksha Poudyal
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Taylor Behre
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anil R. Ekkati
- Chemical Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Brittany M. Armstrong
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - C. Scott Shultz
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zachary E. X. Dance
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin Stone
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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30
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Chen Z, Salehi Marzijarani N, Quirie S, Pirrone GF, Dalby SM, Wang T, Kim J, Peng F, Fine AJ. Manufacturing Process Development for Belzutifan, Part 3: Completing a Streamlined Through-Process with a Safe and Scalable Oxidation. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Scott Quirie
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gregory F. Pirrone
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jungchul Kim
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Peng
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Adam J. Fine
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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31
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Peng F, Tan L, Chen L, Dalby SM, DiRocco DA, Duan J, Feng M, Gong G, Guo H, Hethcox JC, Jin L, Johnson HC, Kim J, Le D, Lin Y, Liu W, Shen J, Wan Y, Xiao C, Xiang B, Xiang Q, Xu J, Yan L, Yang W, Ye H, Yu Y, Zhang J. Manufacturing Process Development for Belzutifan, Part 1: A Concise Synthesis of the Indanone Starting Material. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lu Chen
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel A. DiRocco
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jianjun Duan
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Minyi Feng
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Guan Gong
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Haiheng Guo
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - J. Caleb Hethcox
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lu Jin
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Heather C. Johnson
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jungchul Kim
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Diane Le
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yipeng Lin
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jun Shen
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Yimei Wan
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Chengqian Xiao
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Bangping Xiang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Qun Xiang
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Luliang Yan
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Weiyi Yang
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Honglin Ye
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Yanpei Yu
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
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