1
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Wei J, Liu Y, Sun Y, Bai J, Gao H, Yang Z, Pan L. Continuous Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Sulfite of Polyethylene Glycol by Cascaded Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304319. [PMID: 38277192 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Many macrocyclic compounds are attractive drug-like molecules or intermediates due to their special properties. However, the bulk synthesis of such compounds are hindered by the necessity of using diluted solutions, in order to prevent intermolecular reactions that yields oligomer impurities, thereby resulting in a low production efficiency. Such challenge can be adequately addressed by using continuous reactors, allowing improved efficiency with smaller space footprints. In this work, we proposed a novel continuous process for the synthesis of a macrocyclic sulfite of tetraethylene glycol (PEG4-MCSi), which is a precursor to a very useful building block, PEG4-macrocyclic sulfate (PEG4-MCS). The basic reaction parameters, including stoichiometry and temperature, were first confirmed with small batch reactions, and the effectiveness of coiled reactors and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) were compared. Cascaded CSTRs were proven to be suitable, and the reaction parameters were subject to further optimization to give a robust continuous process. The process was then tested with 4 parallel runs for up to 64 h. Finally, the merits and demerits of batch and continuous reactions were also compared, demonstrating the suitability of latter in the bulk production of macrocyclic PEG-MCSi compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Wei
- Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Materials, Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltds., No. 265, South Avenue, TEDA West, Tianjin, 300301, P. R. China
| | - Yinli Liu
- Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Materials, Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltds., No. 265, South Avenue, TEDA West, Tianjin, 300301, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Materials, Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltds., No. 265, South Avenue, TEDA West, Tianjin, 300301, P. R. China
| | - Jun Bai
- Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Materials, Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltds., No. 265, South Avenue, TEDA West, Tianjin, 300301, P. R. China
| | - He Gao
- Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Materials, Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltds., No. 265, South Avenue, TEDA West, Tianjin, 300301, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Yang
- Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Materials, Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltds., No. 265, South Avenue, TEDA West, Tianjin, 300301, P. R. China
| | - Long Pan
- Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Materials, Asymchem Life Sciences (Tianjin) Co., Ltds., No. 265, South Avenue, TEDA West, Tianjin, 300301, P. R. China
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2
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Bento C, Katz M, Santos MMM, Afonso CAM. Striving for Uniformity: A Review on Advances and Challenges To Achieve Uniform Polyethylene Glycol. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:860-890. [PMID: 38660381 PMCID: PMC11036406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is the polymer of choice in drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. For over 20 years, this polymer has been widely used in the drug delivery of small drugs, proteins, oligonucleotides, and liposomes, improving the stability and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. However, despite the extensive clinical experience with PEG, concerns have emerged related to its use. These include hypersensitivity, purity, and nonbiodegradability. Moreover, conventional PEG is a mixture of polymers that can complicate drug synthesis and purification leading to unwanted immunogenic reactions. Studies have shown that uniform PEGylated drugs may be more effective than conventional PEGylated drugs as they can overcome issues related to molecular heterogeneity and immunogenicity. This has led to significant research efforts to develop synthetic procedures to produce uniform PEGs (monodisperse PEGs). As a result, iterative step-by-step controlled synthesis methods have been created over time and have shown promising results. Nonetheless, these procedures have presented numerous challenges due to their iterative nature and the requirement for multiple purification steps, resulting in increased costs and time consumption. Despite these challenges, the synthetic procedures went through several improvements. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in the synthesis of uniform PEGs and its derivatives with a focus on overall yields, scalability, and purity of the polymers. Additionally, the available characterization methods for assessing polymer monodispersity are discussed as well as uniform PEG applications, side effects, and possible alternative polymers that can overcome the drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Bento
- Hovione
Farmaciência S.A., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício
R, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marianna Katz
- Hovione
Farmaciência S.A., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício
R, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M. M. Santos
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Zhu L, Li Y, Jiang M, Ke C, Long H, Qiu M, Zhang L, Ye C, Zhou X, Jiang ZX, Chen S. Self-Assembly of Precisely Fluorinated Albumin for Dual Imaging-Guided Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal-Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2665-2678. [PMID: 36604154 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although albumin has been extensively used in nanomedicine, it is still challenging to fluorinate albumin into fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI)-traceable theranostics because existing strategies lead to severe 19F signal splitting, line broadening, and low 19F MRI sensitivity. To this end, 34-cysteine-selectively fluorinated bovine serum albumins (BSAs) with a sharp singlet 19F peak have been developed as 19F MRI-sensitive and self-assembled frameworks for cancer theranostics. It was found that fluorinated albumin with a non-binding fluorocarbon and a long linker is crucial for avoiding 19F signal splitting and line broadening. With the fluorinated BSAs, paclitaxel (PTX) and IR-780 were self-assembled into stable, monodisperse, and multifunctional nanoparticles in a framework-promoted self-emulsion way. The high tumor accumulation, efficient cancer cell uptake, and laser-triggered PTX sharp release of the BSA nanoparticles enabled 19F MRI-near infrared fluorescence imaging (NIR FLI)-guided synergistic chemotherapy (Chemo), photothermal and photodynamic therapy of xenograft MCF-7 cancer with a high therapeutical index in mice. This study developed a rational synthesis of 19F MRI-sensitive albumin and a framework-promoted self-emulsion of multifunctional BSA nanoparticles, which would promote the development of protein-based high-performance biomaterials for imaging, diagnosis, therapy, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Yu Li
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Mou Jiang
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Changsheng Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Hanxiong Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Maosong Qiu
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Chaohui Ye
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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4
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Hu J, Liu S. Emerging Trends of Discrete Poly(ethylene glycol) in Biomedical Applications. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Yang H, Li Y, Lin R, Ouyang Z, Han M, Zhu L, Chen S, Zhou X, Jiang ZX. Synthesis of symmetrical secondary oligoethylene glycolated amines from diethanolamine. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5129-5138. [PMID: 35704908 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00605g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse oligoethylene glycols (M-OEGs)-containing symmetrical secondary amines are highly valuable synthetic intermediates in drug development and materials sciences. Scalable three-step synthesis of M-OEGs secondary amines with flexible M-OEGs and/or alkyl chains is described herein. Through reduction amination of diethanolamine, Williamson ether synthesis, and subsequent deprotection, a series of M-OEGs secondary amines with diverse and fine-tunable chemical structures were conveniently prepared. The presented strategy is attractive with readily available starting materials, simple catalytic systems, scalable synthesis, and avoids the use of explosive sodium azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ruoyun Lin
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Mingli Han
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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6
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Automated stepwise PEG synthesis using a base-labile protecting group. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Mikesell L, Eriyagama DNAM, Yin Y, Lu BY, Fang S. Stepwise PEG synthesis featuring deprotection and coupling in one pot. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2976-2982. [PMID: 35079293 PMCID: PMC8722398 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stepwise synthesis of monodisperse polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives usually involves using an acid-labile protecting group such as DMTr and coupling the two PEG moieties together under basic Williamson ether formation conditions. Using this approach, each elongation of PEG is achieved in three steps - deprotection, deprotonation and coupling - in two pots. Here, we report a more convenient approach for PEG synthesis featuring the use of a base-labile protecting group such as the phenethyl group. Using this approach, each elongation of PEG can be achieved in two steps - deprotection and coupling - in only one pot. The deprotonation step, and the isolation and purification of the intermediate product after deprotection using existing approaches are no longer needed when the one-pot approach is used. Because the stepwise PEG synthesis usually requires multiple PEG elongation cycles, the new PEG synthesis method is expected to significantly lower PEG synthesis cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Mikesell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Dhananjani N A M Eriyagama
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yipeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bao-Yuan Lu
- ChampionX, 11177 South Stadium Drive, Sugar Land, TX 77478, USA
| | - Shiyue Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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8
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Zheng B, Li J, Pathirana C, Qiu S, Schmidt MA, Eastgate MD. Complexation of Polyethyleneglycol Containing Small Molecules with Magnesium Chloride as a Purification and Isolation Strategy. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Charles Pathirana
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Shenjie Qiu
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
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9
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Genabeek B, Lamers BAG, Hawker CJ, Meijer EW, Gutekunst WR, Schmidt BVKJ. Properties and applications of precision oligomer materials; where organic and polymer chemistry join forces. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bas Genabeek
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte A. G. Lamers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
- School of Chemisty University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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10
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Wu T, Chen K, He S, Liu X, Zheng X, Jiang ZX. Drug Development through Modification of Small Molecular Drugs with Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol)s. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuangyan He
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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11
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Wetzel KS, Meier MAR. Monodisperse, sequence-defined macromolecules as a tool to evaluate the limits of ring-closing metathesis. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules of uniform size unlock the door to many new applications in polymer chemistry, such as structure/property or structure/activity relationship investigations, which cannot be conducted accurately, if the investigated macromolecules exhibit dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S. Wetzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC))
- Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesyteme (MZE)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC))
- Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesyteme (MZE)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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12
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Li C, Han L, Ma H, Shen H, Yang L, Liu P, Hao X, Li Y. Synthesis of monodisperse isomeric oligomers based on meta-/ para- and linear/star-monomer precursors with Ugi–hydrosilylation orthogonal cycles. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00307j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse oligomers were precisely prepared through orthogonal cycles of Ugi-4CRs and hydrosilylation coupling reactions, and the “monodisperse isomeric oligomers” were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Heyu Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Lincan Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Pibo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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13
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Lv X, Zheng X, Yang Z, Jiang ZX. One-pot synthesis of monodisperse dual-functionalized polyethylene glycols through macrocyclic sulfates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8537-8545. [PMID: 30357237 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dual-functionalization of monodisperse oligoethylene glycols, especially hetero-functionalization, provides a series of highly valuable intermediates for life and materials sciences. However, the existing methods for the preparation of these compounds suffer excessive protecting and activating group manipulation as well as tedious purification. Here, a one-pot dual-substitution strategy with macrocyclic sulfates of polyethylene glycols as the key intermediates was developed for the convenient and scalable preparation of a series of homo-functionalized and hetero-functionalized oligoethylene glycols in just 1 step. A high synthetic efficacy was achieved by avoiding the protecting and activating group manipulation and the intermediate purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lv
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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14
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Khanal A, Fang S. Solid Phase Stepwise Synthesis of Polyethylene Glycols. Chemistry 2017; 23:15133-15142. [PMID: 28834652 PMCID: PMC5658237 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and derivatives with eight and twelve ethylene glycol units were synthesized by stepwise addition of tetraethylene glycol monomers on a polystyrene solid support. The monomer contains a tosyl group at one end and a dimethoxytrityl group at the other. The Wang resin, which contains the 4-benzyloxy benzyl alcohol function, was used as the support. The synthetic cycle consists of deprotonation, Williamson ether formation (coupling), and detritylation. Cleavage of PEGs from solid support was achieved with trifluoroacetic acid. The synthesis including monomer synthesis was entirely chromatography-free. PEG products including those with different functionalities at the two termini were obtained in high yields. The products were analyzed with ESI and MALDI-TOF MS and were found close to monodispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Khanal
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Shiyue Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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15
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Yu Z, Bo S, Wang H, Li Y, Yang Z, Huang Y, Jiang ZX. Application of Monodisperse PEGs in Pharmaceutics: Monodisperse Polidocanols. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3473-3479. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiong Yu
- Hubei
Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated
Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shaowei Bo
- Hubei
Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated
Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-Ke
Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Li
- Hubei
Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated
Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei
Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated
Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai-Ke
Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei
Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated
Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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16
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Solleder SC, Schneider RV, Wetzel KS, Boukis AC, Meier MAR. Recent Progress in the Design of Monodisperse, Sequence-Defined Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C. Solleder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Rebekka V. Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Katharina S. Wetzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Andreas C. Boukis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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17
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Ramírez-Contreras R, Morandi B. Chemo- and Regioselective Functionalization of Polyols through Catalytic C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) Kumada-Type Coupling of Cyclic Sulfate Esters. Org Lett 2016; 18:3718-21. [PMID: 27441850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This contribution describes a copper-catalyzed, C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) cross-coupling reaction of cyclic sulfate esters, a distinct class of electrophilic derivatives of polyols, with alkyl Grignard reagents to afford functionalized alcohol products in good yields. The method is operationally simple and highlights the potential of cyclic sulfate esters as highly reactive substrates in catalytic, chemoselective polyol transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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18
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Wawro AM, Muraoka T, Kinbara K. Chromatography-free synthesis of monodisperse oligo(ethylene glycol) mono-p-toluenesulfonates and quantitative analysis of oligomer purity. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oligo(ethylene glycol) monotosylates are prepared on a multigram scale and in high purity with a new chromatography-free process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Wawro
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology
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19
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Wawro AM, Muraoka T, Kato M, Kinbara K. Multigram chromatography-free synthesis of octa(ethylene glycol) p-toluenesulfonate. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed synthetic procedure for the chromatography-free synthesis of octa(ethylene glycol) p-toluenesulfonate is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Wawro
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8501
- Japan
- PRESTO
| | - Maho Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8501
- Japan
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8501
- Japan
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20
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Wan Z, Li Y, Bo S, Gao M, Wang X, Zeng K, Tao X, Li X, Yang Z, Jiang ZX. Amide bond-containing monodisperse polyethylene glycols beyond 10 000 Da. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7912-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01286h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse polyethylene glycols above 4000 Da, including the longest one to date (10 262 Da), can be prepared from oligoethylene glycol-containing ω-amino acids through solid phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wan
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Yu Li
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Shaowei Bo
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Ming Gao
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Xuemeng Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Xin Tao
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
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21
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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22
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Xia G, Li Y, Yang Z, Jiang ZX. Development of a Scalable Process for α-Amino-ω-methoxyl-dodecaethylene Glycol. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiquan Xia
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
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