1
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Dai JJ, Yin X, Li L, Rivera ME, Wang YC, Dai M. Modular and practical diamination of allenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1774. [PMID: 36997504 PMCID: PMC10063549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vicinal diamines are privileged scaffolds in medicine, agrochemicals, catalysis, and other fields. While significant advancements have been made in diamination of olefins, diamination of allenes is only sporadically explored. Furthermore, direct incorporation of acyclic and cyclic alkyl amines onto unsaturated π systems is highly desirable and important, but problematic for many previously reported amination reactions including the diamination of olefins. Herein, we report a modular and practical diamination of allenes, which offers efficient syntheses of β,γ-diamino carboxylates and sulfones. This reaction features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerability, and scalability. Experimental and computational studies support an ionic reaction pathway initiated with a nucleophilic addition of the in situ formed iodoamine to the electron deficient allene substrate. An iodoamine activation mode via a halogen bond with a chloride ion was revealed to substantially increase the nucleophilicity of the iodoamine and lower the activation energy barrier for the nucleophilic addition step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xianglin Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mario E Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ye-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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2
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Rao Z, Li K, Hong J, Chen D, Ding B, Jiang L, Qi X, Hu J, Yang B, He Q, Dong X, Cao J, Zhu CL. A practical "preTACs-cytoblot" platform accelerates the streamlined development of PROTAC-based protein degraders. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115248. [PMID: 36905918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
With the growing importance of PROTAC-mediated protein degradation in drug discovery, robust synthetic methodologies and rapid screening assays are urgently needed. By harnessing the improved alkene hydroazidation reaction, we developed a novel strategy to introduce azido groups into the linker-E3 ligand conjugates and effectively created a range of prepacked terminal azide-labeled "preTACs" as PROTAC toolkit building blocks. Moreover, we demonstrated that preTACs are ready to conjugate to ligands targeting a protein of interest to generate libraries of chimeric degraders, which are subsequently screened for effective protein degradation directly from cultured cells with a cytoblot assay. Our study exemplifies that this practical "preTACs-cytoblot" platform allows efficient PROTAC assembly and rapid activity assessments. It may help industrial and academic investigators to accelerate their streamlined development of PROTAC-based protein degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Rao
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Kailin Li
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ju Hong
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Danni Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Baoli Ding
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xuxin Qi
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Centre for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of ZJU, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ji Cao
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Centre for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of ZJU, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, China.
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3
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Cao TY, Qi L, Dong W, Yan ZM, Ji SC, Du JL, Zhang L, Li W, Wang LJ. NIS-Promoted Selective Amino-Diazidation and Amino-Iodoazidation of O-Homoallyl Benzimidates: Synthesis of Vicinal Diazido 1,3-Oxazines and Vicinal Iodoazido 1,3-Oxazines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16578-16591. [PMID: 36450035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Amines, especially those with multi-nitrogen moieties, are widespread in natural products and biologically active compounds. Thus, the development of direct and efficient methods to introduce multiple nitrogen-containing fragments into compounds in one step is highly desirable yet challenging. Herein, we report an NIS-promoted selective amino-diazidation and amino-iodoazidation of O-homoallyl benzimidates with NaN3. By using this protocol, a variety of vicinal diazido-substituted 1,3-oxazines and vicinal iodoazido-substituted 1,3-oxazines were directly synthesized in a controllable manner. Preliminary mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction operates through a NIS-promoted four-step cascade process. The developed method has the merits of metal-free, excellent functional group compatibility, simple operation, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yang Cao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Yan
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chao Ji
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Long Du
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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4
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Novaes LFT, Wang Y, Liu J, Riart-Ferrer X, Cindy Lee WC, Fu N, Ho JSK, Zhang XP, Lin S. Electrochemical Diazidation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Manganese Porphyrin Complexes with Second-Sphere Hydrogen-Bond Donors. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. T. Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xavier Riart-Ferrer
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Niankai Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Justin S. K. Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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Mironova IA, Kirsch SF, Zhdankin V, Yoshimura A, Yusubov MS. Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Azidation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Mironova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University: Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Tomskij politehniceskij universitet Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal: Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften GERMANY
| | - Viktor Zhdankin
- University of Minnesota Duluth Chemistry 1039 University Dr 55812 Duluth UNITED STATES
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Aomori University: Aomori Daigaku Department of Pharmacy JAPAN
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University: Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Tomskij politehniceskij universitet Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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6
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Andjaba JM, Rybak CJ, Wang Z, Ling J, Mei J, Uyeda C. Catalytic Synthesis of Conjugated Azopolymers from Aromatic Diazides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3975-3982. [PMID: 33660981 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers containing main chain azoarene repeat units are synthesized by a dinickel catalyzed N=N coupling reaction of aromatic diazides. The polymerization exhibits broad substrate scope and is compatible with heterocycles commonly featured in high performance organic materials, including carbazole, thiophene, propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), and isoindigo. Copolymerizations can be carried out using monomer mixtures, and monoazide chain stoppers can be used to install well-defined end groups. Azopolymers possess unique properties owing to the functionality of the azo linkages. For example, protonation at nitrogen results in LUMO lowering and red-shifted absorption bands. Additionally, N=N bonds possess low-lying π* levels, allowing azopolymers to be reversibly reduced under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Andjaba
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher J Rybak
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianheng Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yongquan Ning
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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8
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Makai S, Falk E, Morandi B. Direct Synthesis of Unprotected 2-Azidoamines from Alkenes via an Iron-Catalyzed Difunctionalization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21548-21555. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Makai
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Falk
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Allian AD, Shah NP, Ferretti AC, Brown DB, Kolis SP, Sperry JB. Process Safety in the Pharmaceutical Industry—Part I: Thermal and Reaction Hazard Evaluation Processes and Techniques. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman D. Allian
- Process Development, One Amgen Center Drive, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Nisha P. Shah
- Process Development, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Antonio C. Ferretti
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Derek B. Brown
- Process Development, One Amgen Center Drive, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Stanley P. Kolis
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Sperry
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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10
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Foschi F, Loro C, Sala R, Oble J, Lo Presti L, Beccalli EM, Poli G, Broggini G. Intramolecular Aminoazidation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions with Hydrogen Peroxide as the Oxidant. Org Lett 2020; 22:1402-1406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Foschi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Camilla Loro
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Julie Oble
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poli
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100 Como, Italy
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11
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Wang P, Luo Y, Zhu S, Lu D, Gong Y. Catalytic Azido‐Hydrazination of Alkenes Enabled by Visible Light: Mechanistic Studies and Synthetic Applications. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Rd. Wuhan, Hubei 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxuan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Rd. Wuhan, Hubei 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Rd. Wuhan, Hubei 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Rd. Wuhan, Hubei 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Rd. Wuhan, Hubei 430074 People's Republic of China
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12
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Practical and stereoselective electrocatalytic 1,2-diamination of alkenes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4953. [PMID: 31672991 PMCID: PMC6823458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,2-diamine motif is widely present in natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and catalysts used in asymmetric synthesis. The simultaneous introduction of two amino groups across an alkene feedstock is an appealing yet challenging approach for the synthesis of 1,2-diamines, primarily due to the inhibitory effect of the diamine products to transition metal catalysts and the difficulty in controlling reaction diastereoselectivity and regioselectivity. Herein we report a scalable electrocatalytic 1,2-diamination reaction that can be used to convert stable, easily available aryl alkenes and sulfamides to 1,2-diamines with excellent diastereoselectivity. Monosubstituted sulfamides react in a regioselective manner to afford 1,2-diamines bearing different substituents on the two amino groups. The combination of an organic redox catalyst and electricity not only obviates the use of any transition metal catalyst and oxidizing reagent, but also ensures broad reaction compatibility with a variety of electronically and sterically diverse substrates. Methods to prepare 1,2-diamines are desirable due the importance of these compounds as drug scaffolds and organic ligands for metals. Here, the authors report an electrochemical metal-free 1,2- diamination of aryl alkenes with sulfamides to 1,2-diamines with excellent diastereoselectivity.
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13
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Yang S, Zhu S, Lu D, Gong Y. Polarity-Reversed Addition of Enol Ethers to Imines under Visible Light: Redox-Neutral Access to Azide-Containing Amino Acids. Org Lett 2019; 21:8464-8468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shuangyu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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14
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Li H, Shen SJ, Zhu CL, Xu H. Direct Intermolecular Anti-Markovnikov Hydroazidation of Unactivated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9415-9421. [PMID: 31070901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a direct intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroazidation method for unactivated olefins, which is promoted by a catalytic amount of bench-stable benziodoxole at ambient temperature. This method facilitates previously difficult, direct addition of hydrazoic acid across a wide variety of unactivated olefins in both complex molecules and unfunctionalized commodity chemicals. It conveniently fills a synthetic chemistry gap of existing olefin hydroazidation procedures, and thereby provides a valuable tool for azido-group labeling in organic synthesis and chemical biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Li
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Shou-Jie Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta Georgia 30303 , United States
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15
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Abstract
This protocol describes an electrochemical synthesis of 1,2-diazides from alkenes. Organic azides are highly versatile intermediates for synthetic chemistry, materials, and biological applications. 1,2-Diazides are commonly reduced to form 1,2-diamines, which are prevalent structural motifs in bioactive natural products, therapeutic agents, and molecular catalysts. The electrochemical formation of 1,2-diazides involves the anodic generation of an azidyl radical from sodium azide, followed by two successive additions of this N-centered radical to the alkene, and is assisted by a Mn catalyst. The electrosynthesis of 1,2-diazides can be carried out using various experimental setups comprising custom-made or commercially available reaction vessels and a direct-current power supply. Readily accessible electrode materials can be used, including carbon (made from reticulated vitreous carbon and pencil lead), nickel foam, and platinum foil. This protocol is also demonstrated using ElectraSyn, a standardized electrochemistry kit. Compared with conventional synthetic approaches, electrochemistry allows for the precise control of the anodic potential input, eliminates the need for stoichiometric and often indiscriminate oxidants, and minimizes the generation of wasteful byproducts. As such, our electrocatalytic synthesis exhibits various advantages over existing methods for alkene diamination, including sustainability, operational simplicity, substrate generality, and exceptional functional-group compatibility. The resultant 1,2-diazides can be smoothly reduced to 1,2-diamines in a single step with high chemoselectivity. To exemplify this, we include a procedure for catalytic hydrogenation using palladium on carbon. This protocol, therefore, constitutes a general approach to accessing 1,2-diazides and 1,2-diamines from alkenes.
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16
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Zhang W, Zheng HL, Liu Y, Yu A, Yang C, Li X, Cheng JP. Catalyst-free amination of α-cyanoarylacetates enabled by single-electron transfer. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A radical benzylic amination of α-cyanoarylacetates without the assistance of any transition-metal catalysts or external photosensitizers was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Han-Liang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Ao Yu
- Central Laboratory
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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17
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Xiong Y, Sun Y, Zhang G. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of β-Azido Sulfonates or Fluorinated Alkanes: Divergent Reactivity of Sodium Sulfinates. Org Lett 2018; 20:6250-6254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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18
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Li H, Shen SJ, Zhu CL, Xu H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) via the Iron-Catalyzed Stereoselective Olefin Diazidation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10619-10626. [PMID: 30040881 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a gram-scale, enantioselective synthesis of Tamiflu, in which the key trans-diamino moiety has been efficiently installed via an iron-catalyzed stereoselective olefin diazidation. This significantly improved, iron-catalyzed method is uniquely effective for highly functionalized yet electronically deactivated substrates that have been previously problematic. Preliminary catalyst structure-reactivity-stereoselectivity relationship studies revealed that both the iron catalyst and the complex substrate cooperatively modulate the stereoselectivity for diazidation. Safety assessment using both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the drop weight test (DWT) has also demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out this iron-catalyzed olefin diazidation for large-scale Tamiflu synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Li
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Shou-Jie Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , 100 Piedmont Avenue SE , Atlanta , Georgia 30303 , United States
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19
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Zhu CL, Wang C, Qin QX, Yruegas S, Martin CD, Xu H. Iron(II)-Catalyzed Azidotrifluoromethylation of Olefins and N-Heterocycles for Expedient Vicinal Trifluoromethyl Amine Synthesis. ACS Catal 2018; 8:5032-5037. [PMID: 29938121 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein an iron-catalyzed azidotrifluoromethylation method for expedient vicinal trifluoromethyl primary-amine synthesis. This method is effective for a broad range of olefins and N-heterocycles, and it facilitates efficient synthesis of a wide variety of vicinal trifluoromethyl primary amines, including those that prove difficult to synthesize with existing approaches. Our preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the catalyst-promoted azido-group transfer proceeds through a carbo-radical instead of a carbocation species. Characterization of an active iron catalyst through X-ray crystallographic studies suggests that in situ generated, structurally novel iron-azide complexes promote the oxidant activation and selective azido-group transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Qi-Xue Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Sam Yruegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 1 Bear Place, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 1 Bear Place, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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20
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Shen SJ, Zhu CL, Lu DF, Xu H. Iron-Catalyzed Direct Olefin Diazidation via Peroxyester Activation Promoted by Nitrogen-Based Ligands. ACS Catal 2018; 8:4473-4482. [PMID: 29785320 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We herein report an iron-catalyzed direct diazidation method via activation of bench-stable peroxyesters promoted by nitrogen-based ligands. This method is effective for a broad range of olefins and N-heterocycles, including those that are difficult substrates for the existing olefin diamination and diazidation methods. Notably, nearly a stoichiometric amount of oxidant and TMSN3 are sufficient for high-yielding diazidation for most substrates. Preliminary mechanistic studies elucidated the similarities and differences between this method and the benziodoxole-based olefin diazidation method previously developed by us. This method effectively addresses the limitations of the existing olefin diazidation methods. Most notably, previously problematic nonproductive oxidant decomposition can be minimized. Furthermore, X-ray crystallographic studies suggest that an iron-azide-ligand complex can be generated in situ from an iron acetate precatalyst and that it may facilitate peroxyester activation and the rate-determining C-N3 bond formation during diazidation of unstrained olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Jie Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Deng-Fu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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