1
|
Heckmann C, Bürgler M, Paul CE. Peroxygenase-Catalyzed Allylic Oxidation Unlocks Telescoped Synthesis of (1 S,3 R)-3-Hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile. ACS Catal 2024; 14:2985-2991. [PMID: 38449536 PMCID: PMC10913032 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The unmatched chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of enzymes renders them powerful catalysts in the synthesis of chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Inspired by the discovery route toward the LPA1-antagonist BMS-986278, access to the API building block (1S,3R)-3-hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile was envisaged using an ene reductase (ER) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to set both stereocenters. Starting from the commercially available cyclohexene-1-nitrile, a C-H oxyfunctionalization step was required to introduce the ketone functional group, yet several chemical allylic oxidation strategies proved unsuccessful. Enzymatic strategies for allylic oxidation are underdeveloped, with few examples on selected substrates with cytochrome P450s and unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs). In this case, UPOs were found to catalyze the desired allylic oxidation with high chemo- and regioselectivity, at substrate loadings of up to 200 mM, without the addition of organic cosolvents, thus enabling the subsequent ER and ADH steps in a three-step one-pot cascade. UPOs even displayed unreported enantioselective oxyfunctionalization and overoxidation of the substituted cyclohexene. After screening of enzyme panels, the final product was obtained at titers of 85% with 97% ee and 99% de, with a substrate loading of 50 mM, the ER being the limiting step. This synthetic approach provides the first example of a three-step, one-pot UPO-ER-ADH cascade and highlights the potential for UPOs to catalyze diverse enantioselective allylic hydroxylations and oxidations that are otherwise difficult to achieve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian
M. Heckmann
- Biocatalysis
section, Department of Biotechnology, Delft
University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Moritz Bürgler
- Bisy
GmbH, Wünschendorf
292, 8200 Hofstätten
an der Raab, Austria
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Biocatalysis
section, Department of Biotechnology, Delft
University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang H, Yu H, Stolarzewicz IA, Tang W. Enantioselective Transformations in the Synthesis of Therapeutic Agents. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9397-9446. [PMID: 37417731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of approved chiral drugs and drug candidates under medical studies has surged dramatically over the past two decades. As a consequence, the efficient synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals or their synthetic intermediates poses a profound challenge to medicinal and process chemists. The significant advancement in asymmetric catalysis has provided an effective and reliable solution to this challenge. The successful application of transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, and biocatalysis to the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries has promoted drug discovery by efficient and precise preparation of enantio-enriched therapeutic agents, and facilitated the industrial production of active pharmaceutical ingredient in an economic and environmentally friendly fashion. The present review summarizes the most recent applications (2008-2022) of asymmetric catalysis in the pharmaceutical industry ranging from process scales to pilot and industrial levels. It also showcases the latest achievements and trends in the asymmetric synthesis of therapeutic agents with state of the art technologies of asymmetric catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Izabela A Stolarzewicz
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
France SP, Lewis RD, Martinez CA. The Evolving Nature of Biocatalysis in Pharmaceutical Research and Development. JACS AU 2023; 3:715-735. [PMID: 37006753 PMCID: PMC10052283 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is a highly valued enabling technology for pharmaceutical research and development as it can unlock synthetic routes to complex chiral motifs with unparalleled selectivity and efficiency. This perspective aims to review recent advances in the pharmaceutical implementation of biocatalysis across early and late-stage development with a focus on the implementation of processes for preparative-scale syntheses.
Collapse
|
4
|
Colombo D, Albergati A, Ferrandi EE, Tessaro D, Gatti FG, Brenna E, Monti D, Parmeggiani F. Chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of enantioenriched (R)‐ and (S)‐aryloxyalkanoic herbicides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Colombo
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica Giulio Natta CMIC ITALY
| | | | | | - Davide Tessaro
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica Giulio Natta CMIC ITALY
| | - Francesco Gilberto Gatti
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica Giulio Natta CMIC ITALY
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica Giulio Natta CMIC ITALY
| | - Daniela Monti
- CNR: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche SCITEC ITALY
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Polytechnic of Milan: Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cruz-Jiménez AE, Mateus-Ruiz JB, Silva-Cuevas C, Lujan-Montelongo JA. Mander’s reagent for the deoxycyanation of β-diketones: a direct synthesis of oxoalkenenitriles. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1809-6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl and methyl cyanoformate (Mander’s reagent) are reagents to routinely perform C-selective ketone alcoxycarbonylations. Interestingly, both reagents were found to yield oxoalkenenitriles through an unprecedented deoxycyanation on 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (e. g. 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione). Although this method was not general, this is the first time both Mander’s reagent and ethyl cyanoformate were used for the deoxycyanation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the preparation of synthetically useful oxoalkenenitriles. Limitations on the substrate scope for the present methodology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Elvira Cruz-Jiménez
- Chemistry, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jeferson Bernardo Mateus-Ruiz
- Chemistry, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carolina Silva-Cuevas
- Chemistry, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bay AV, Farnam EJ, Scheidt KA. Synthesis of Cyclohexanones by a Tandem Photocatalyzed Annulation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7030-7037. [PMID: 35316053 PMCID: PMC9050940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of cyclic scaffolds is of high importance to the chemistry community. Strategies for the convergent synthesis of substituted carbocycles and heterocycles remain underexplored despite the plethora of applications that these cyclic motifs have in the pharmaceutical and materials industries. Reported herein is a tandem carbene and photoredox-catalyzed process for the convergent synthesis of substituted cycloalkanones via a formal [5 + 1] cycloaddition. Featuring two distinct photoredox cycles and a novel α-oxidation of benzylic ketones, this reaction offers a mild approach to construct two contiguous C-C bonds and eliminates the need for strong bases or expensive metal catalysts. The utility of this method is highlighted through various product diversification reactions that allow access to a range of important cyclic scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Bay
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emelia J Farnam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simić S, Zukić E, Schmermund L, Faber K, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Shortening Synthetic Routes to Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Employing Biocatalytic Methods. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1052-1126. [PMID: 34846124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis, using enzymes for organic synthesis, has emerged as powerful tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The first industrial biocatalytic processes launched in the first half of the last century exploited whole-cell microorganisms where the specific enzyme at work was not known. In the meantime, novel molecular biology methods, such as efficient gene sequencing and synthesis, triggered breakthroughs in directed evolution for the rapid development of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and good selectivities tailored for specific substrates. To date, enzymes are employed to enable shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative routes toward (established) small molecule APIs, and are additionally used to perform standard reactions in API synthesis more efficiently. Herein, large-scale synthetic routes containing biocatalytic key steps toward >130 APIs of approved drugs and drug candidates are compared with the corresponding chemical protocols (if available) regarding the steps, reaction conditions, and scale. The review is structured according to the functional group formed in the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erna Zukić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth─University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parmeggiani F, Brenna E, Colombo D, Gatti FG, Tentori F, Tessaro D. "A Study in Yellow": Investigations in the Stereoselectivity of Ene-Reductases. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100445. [PMID: 34586700 PMCID: PMC9292831 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ene‐reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) superfamily are a well‐known and efficient biocatalytic alternative for the asymmetric reduction of C=C bonds. Considering the broad variety of substituents that can be tolerated, and the excellent stereoselectivities achieved, it is apparent why these enzymes are so appealing for preparative and industrial applications. Different classes of C=C bonds activated by at least one electron‐withdrawing group have been shown to be accepted by these versatile biocatalysts in the last decades, affording a vast range of chiral intermediates employed in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, fragrances and fine chemicals. In order to access both enantiomers of reduced products, stereodivergent pairs of OYEs are desirable, but their natural occurrence is limited. The detailed knowledge of the stereochemical course of the reaction can uncover alternative strategies to orient the selectivity via mutagenesis, evolution, and substrate engineering. An overview of the ongoing studies on OYE‐mediated bioreductions will be provided, with particular focus on stereochemical investigations by deuterium labelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Danilo Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco G Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Tentori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Tessaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu G, Li S, Shi Q, Li H, Guo J, Ouyang J, Jia X, Zhang L, You S, Qin B. Engineering of Saccharomyces pastorianus old yellow enzyme 1 for the synthesis of pharmacologically active (S)-profen derivatives. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
10
|
Preparative scale application of Mucor circinelloides ene–reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity for the asymmetric bioreduction of α,β-unsaturated γ-ketophosphonates. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
11
|
Adams JP, Brown MJB, Diaz‐Rodriguez A, Lloyd RC, Roiban G. Biocatalysis: A Pharma Perspective. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Adams
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Murray J. B. Brown
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Alba Diaz‐Rodriguez
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Gheorghe‐Doru Roiban
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crotti M, Parmeggiani F, Ferrandi EE, Gatti FG, Sacchetti A, Riva S, Brenna E, Monti D. Stereoselectivity Switch in the Reduction of α-Alkyl-β-Arylenones by Structure-Guided Designed Variants of the Ene Reductase OYE1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:89. [PMID: 31080798 PMCID: PMC6497740 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ene reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family are industrially interesting enzymes for the biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of alkenes. To access both enantiomers of the target reduced products, stereocomplementary pairs of OYE enzymes are necessary, but their natural occurrence is quite limited. A library of wild type ene reductases from different sources was screened in the stereoselective reduction of a set of representative α-alkyl-β-arylenones to investigate the naturally available biodiversity. As far as the bioreduction of the ethyl ketone derivatives concerns, the results confirmed the distinctiveness of the OYE3 enzyme in affording the reduced product in the (S) configuration, while all the other tested ene reductases from the Old Yellow Enzymes family showed the same stereoselectivity toward the formation of corresponding (R) enantiomer. A possible determinant role of the "hot spot" residue in position 296 for the stereoselectivity control of these reactions was confirmed by the replacement of Phe296 of OYE1 with Ser as found in OYE3. Further investigations showed that the same stereoselectivity switch in OYE1 could be achieved also by the replacement of Trp116 with Ala and Val, these experimental results being rationalized by structural and docking studies. Moreover, an additive effect on the stereoselectivity of OYE1 was observed when coupling the selected mutations in position 296 and 116, thus providing two extremely enantioselective variants of OYE1 (W116A-F296S, W116V-F296S) showing the opposite stereoselectivity of the wild type enzyme. Lastly, the effects of the mutations on the bioreduction of carvone enantiomers were investigated as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Recent preparative applications of redox enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 49:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
14
|
Baker Dockrey SA, Doyon TJ, Perkins JC, Narayan ARH. Whole-cell biocatalysis platform for gram-scale oxidative dearomatization of phenols. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:1207-1213. [PMID: 30485666 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Technologies enabling new enzyme discovery and efficient protein engineering have spurred intense interest in the development of biocatalytic reactions. In recent years, whole-cell biocatalysis has received attention as a simple, efficient, and scalable biocatalytic reaction platform. Inspired by these developments, we have established a whole-cell protocol for oxidative dearomatization of phenols using the flavin-dependent monooxygenase, TropB. This approach provides a scalable biocatalytic platform for accessing gram-scale quantities of chiral synthetic building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Summer A Baker Dockrey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tyler J Doyon
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan C Perkins
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alison R H Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaplan JM, Hruszkewycz DP, Strambeanu II, Nunn CJ, VanGelder KF, Dunn AL, Wozniak DI, Dobereiner GE, Leitch DC. Scalable and Chemoselective Synthesis of γ-Keto Esters and Acids via Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Cyclic β-Chloro Enones. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Kaplan
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Iulia I. Strambeanu
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christopher J. Nunn
- Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kelsey F. VanGelder
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anna L. Dunn
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Derek I. Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Graham E. Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|