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Guo Q, Jiang Y, Zhu R, Yang W, Hu P. Electrochemical Azo-free Mitsunobu-type Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402878. [PMID: 38466140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The classic chemical Mitsunobu reaction suffers from the need of excess alcohol activation reagents and the generation of significant by-products. Efforts to overcome these limitations have resulted in numerous creative solutions, but the substrate scope of these catalytic processes remains limited. Here we report an electrochemical Mitsunobu-type reaction, which features azo-free alcohol activation and broad substrate scope. This user-friendly technology allows a vast collection of heterocycles as the nucleophile, which can couple with a series of chiral cyclic and acyclic alcohols in moderate to high yields and excellent ee's. This practical reaction is scalable, chemoselective, uses simple Electrasyn setup with inexpensive electrodes and requires no precaution to exclude air and moisture. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated on the structural modification of diverse bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives and its straightforward application in a multiple-step synthesis of a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangye Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Ferreira FC, Buarque CD, Lopes-Pacheco M. Organic Synthesis and Current Understanding of the Mechanisms of CFTR Modulator Drugs Ivacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Elexacaftor. Molecules 2024; 29:821. [PMID: 38398574 PMCID: PMC10891718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The monogenic rare disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance (CFTR) protein, an anion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. The discovery and subsequent development of CFTR modulators-small molecules acting on the basic molecular defect in CF-have revolutionized the standard of care for people with CF (PwCF), thus drastically improving their clinical features, prognosis, and quality of life. Currently, four of these drugs are approved for clinical use: potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770) alone or in combination with correctors lumacaftor, (VX-809), tezacaftor (VX-661), and elexacaftor (VX-445). Noteworthily, the triple combinatorial therapy composed of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor constitutes the most effective modulator therapy nowadays for the majority of PwCF. In this review, we exploit the organic synthesis of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor by providing a retrosynthetic drug analysis for these CFTR modulators. Furthermore, we describe the current understanding of the mechanisms of action (MoA's) of these compounds by discussing several studies that report the key findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying their action on the CFTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C. Ferreira
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Camilla D. Buarque
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro 22435-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Corrie L, Ajjarapu S, Banda S, Parvathaneni M, Bolla PK, Kommineni N. HPMCAS-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions in Clinic: A Review on Manufacturing Techniques (Hot Melt Extrusion and Spray Drying), Marketed Products and Patents. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6616. [PMID: 37895598 PMCID: PMC10608006 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Today, therapeutic candidates with low solubility have become increasingly common in pharmaceutical research pipelines. Several techniques such as hot melt extrusion, spray drying, supercritical fluid technology, electrospinning, KinetiSol, etc., have been devised to improve either or both the solubility and dissolution to enhance the bioavailability of these active substances belonging to BCS Class II and IV. The principle involved in all these preparation techniques is similar, where the crystal lattice of the drug is disrupted by either the application of heat or dissolving it in a solvent and the movement of the fine drug particles is arrested with the help of a polymer by either cooling or drying to remove the solvent. The dispersed drug particles in the polymer matrix have higher entropy and enthalpy and, thereby, higher free energy in comparison to the crystalline drug. Povidone, polymethaacrylate derivatives, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate derivatives are commonly used as polymers in the preparation of ASDs. Specifically, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-based ASDs have become well established in commercially available products and are widely explored to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. This article provides an analysis of two widely used manufacturing techniques for HPMCAS ASDs, namely, hot melt extrusion and spray drying. Additionally, details of HPMCAS-based ASD marketed products and patents have been discussed to emphasize the commercial aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | | | - Srikanth Banda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Madhukiran Parvathaneni
- Department of Biotechnology, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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4
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Rizzo C, Amata S, Pibiri I, Pace A, Buscemi S, Palumbo Piccionello A. FDA-Approved Fluorinated Heterocyclic Drugs from 2016 to 2022. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097728. [PMID: 37175436 PMCID: PMC10178595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of fluorine atoms or heterocyclic moiety into drug structures represents a recurrent motif in medicinal chemistry. The combination of these two features is constantly appearing in new molecular entities with various biological activities. This is demonstrated by the increasing number of newly synthesized fluorinated heterocyclic compounds among the Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved drugs. In this review, the biological activity, as well as the synthetic aspects, of 33 recently FDA-approved fluorinated heterocyclic drugs from 2016 to 2022 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Amata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ivana Pibiri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvestre Buscemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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5
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Benedetto Tiz D, Bagnoli L, Rosati O, Marini F, Sancineto L, Santi C. Top Selling (2026) Small Molecule Orphan Drugs: A Journey into Their Chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020930. [PMID: 36674441 PMCID: PMC9864910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes, from a chemical point of view, the top "blockbuster" small molecule orphan drugs according to their forecasted sales in 2026. Orphan drugs are intended for the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of a rare disease or condition. These molecules are mostly addressed to the treatment of rare forms of cancer. The respiratory and central nervous systems represent other common therapeutic subcategories. This work will show how the orphan drugs market has significantly grown and will account for a consistent part of prescriptions by 2026.
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6
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Li D, Wei L, Qi C, Xiong W, Liu H, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aryl Bromides with Carbon Dioxide To Access Aryl Carboxylic Acids under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5205-5211. [PMID: 36288555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed direct carbonylation of aryl bromides with carbon dioxide as the carbonyl source has been developed by using Pd(dba)2/DPEPhos as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions, providing an efficient route to a variety of aryl carboxylic acids in moderate to high yields. The methods have many advantages such as the use of a simple palladium catalyst system, wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high yields, and easy scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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7
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FDA-Approved Trifluoromethyl Group-Containing Drugs: A Review of 20 Years. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As people around the world regard 2020 as the year of COVID-19, the medical community considers this year to be the second-best year, shared with the year 1996, with respect to the number of drug molecules approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Both years, 2020 and 1996, had a record of 53 new drug molecules approved by the FDA. In the year 2020, 53 new chemical entities and 13 biological medicines were approved, including 10 monoclonal antibodies, 2 antibody-drug conjugates, 3 peptides, and 2 oligonucleotides. Among them, most of the compounds were found to have fluorine or fluorine-containing functional groups exhibiting numerous pharmacological activities. Herein, we summarized the trifluoromethyl (TFM, -CF3)-group-containing FDA-approved drugs for the last 20 years. This article specially features and details the previous 20-year literature data, covering CF3-incorporated potential drug molecules, including their syntheses and uses for various diseases and disorders. The review covers the detailed chemistry of 19 FDA-approved drugs in the past 20 years, which contains the TFM group as one of the pharmacophores.
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8
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Sharma S, Bhuyan M, Baishya G. K
2
S
2
O
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Mediated Three‐component Radical Cascade C3 Alkylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones with Vinylarenes and 4‐Hydroxycoumarins/4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sharma
- Natural Products Chemistry Group Chemical Science & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Mayurakhi Bhuyan
- Natural Products Chemistry Group Chemical Science & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Gakul Baishya
- Natural Products Chemistry Group Chemical Science & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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9
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Guo J, Wang J, Zhang J, Fortunak J, Hill A. Current prices versus minimum costs of production for CFTR modulators. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:866-872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Altarejos J, Sucunza D, Vaquero JJ, Carreras J. Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Cyclopropylboronates. Org Lett 2021; 23:6174-6178. [PMID: 34320310 PMCID: PMC8895459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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A copper-catalyzed
enantioselective cyclopropanation involving
trifluorodiazoethane in the presence of alkenyl boronates has been
developed. This transformation enables the preparation of 2-substituted-3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropylboronates
with high levels of stereocontrol. The products are valuable synthetic
intermediates by transformation of the boronate group. This methodology
can be applied to the synthesis of novel trifluoromethylated analogues
of trans-2-arylcyclopropylamines, which are prevalent
motifs in biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Altarejos
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Javier Carreras
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
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11
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Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhang H, Han Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y. The Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of β‐Ketoesters with Quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Zibing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Ping Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
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12
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Flick AC, Leverett CA, Ding HX, McInturff E, Fink SJ, Mahapatra S, Carney DW, Lindsey EA, DeForest JC, France SP, Berritt S, Bigi-Botterill SV, Gibson TS, Liu Y, O'Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved during 2019. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3604-3657. [PMID: 33783211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New drugs introduced to the market are privileged structures having affinities for biological targets implicated in human diseases and conditions. These new chemical entities (NCEs), particularly small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates, provide insight into molecular recognition and simultaneously function as leads for the design of future medicines. This review is part of a continuing series presenting the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 40 NCEs approved for the first time anywhere in the world in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Flick
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Carolyn A Leverett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong X Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Emma McInturff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah J Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob C DeForest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott P France
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Tony S Gibson
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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13
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Rayadurgam J, Sana S, Sasikumar M, Gu Q. Palladium catalyzed C–C and C–N bond forming reactions: an update on the synthesis of pharmaceuticals from 2015–2020. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most prominent and promising catalysts in organic synthesis for the requisite construction of C–C and C–N bonds are palladium (Pd) catalysts, which play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandra Rayadurgam
- Research Center for Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sravani Sana
- Alder Research Chemicals Private Limited
- CSIR-IICT
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - M. Sasikumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Tirupati
- India
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- People's Republic of China
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14
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Buskes MJ, Blanco MJ. Impact of Cross-Coupling Reactions in Drug Discovery and Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E3493. [PMID: 32751973 PMCID: PMC7436090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions have played a critical role enabling the rapid expansion of structure-activity relationships (SAR) during the drug discovery phase to identify a clinical candidate and facilitate subsequent drug development processes. The reliability and flexibility of this methodology have attracted great interest in the pharmaceutical industry, becoming one of the most used approaches from Lead Generation to Lead Optimization. In this mini-review, we present an overview of cross-coupling reaction applications to medicinal chemistry efforts, in particular the Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions as a remarkable resource for the generation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. To further appreciate the impact of this methodology, the authors discuss some recent examples of clinical candidates that utilize key cross-coupling reactions in their large-scale synthetic process. Looking into future opportunities, the authors highlight the versatility of the cross-coupling reactions towards new chemical modalities like DNA-encoded libraries (DELs), new generation of peptides and cyclopeptides, allosteric modulators, and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria-Jesus Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry. Sage Therapeutics, Inc. 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
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15
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Huang J, Su H, Bao M, Qiu L, Zhang Y, Xu X. Gold(iii)-catalyzed azide-yne cyclization/O-H insertion cascade reaction for the expeditious construction of 3-alkoxy-4-quinolinone frameworks. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3888-3892. [PMID: 32373897 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed 6-endo-dig azide-yne cyclization/O-H insertion cascade reaction of azide-tethered alkynes with alcohols has been developed, and it provides an expeditious access to 3-alkoxy-4-quinoline derivatives in good to high yields under mild and neutral reaction conditions with broad substrate generality. The utility of this method is emphasized by a scalable experiment and concise total synthesis of a bioactive natural product Leiokinine A, and other bioactive quinoline analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Han Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ming Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Lihua Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China. and College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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