Unusual [Pt{κ2(C,N)}]+ → [Pt{κ2(N,N)}]+ Coordination Mode Flip of the Guanidinate(1−) Ligand in Cationic N,N′,N″-Tris(3,5-xylyl)guanidinatoplatinum(II) Bis(phosphine) Complexes. Syntheses, Structural and Theoretical Studies

Effect of mono- and dinuclear thiosemicarbazone platinacycles in the proliferation of a colorectal carcinoma cell line

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a series of thiosemicarbazone platinacycles. Their activity towards HCT116 and A2780 cancer cell lines as well as normal fibroblasts was explored and conclusions about the influence of their structures were drawn based on the results. Ligands L1-3, tetranuclear compounds [Pt(L1-3)]4, [Pt(L1-3)(PPh3)], and [Pt(L1-L3)2{Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2}], and phosphine derivatives, were deemed unpromising owing to their lack of activity. However, mono-coordinated diphosphine complexes [Pt(L1-L3)(Ph2PCH2PPh2-P)] showed high selectivity and low IC50 values, and their antiproliferative activity was further studied. The three studied derivatives 3a, 3b and 3c showed a fast internalization of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with similar IC50 values, which induced a depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, with the subsequent triggering of apoptosis and autophagy in the case of 3c. In the case of compounds 3a and 3b, cell death mechanisms (extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, respectively) were triggered via the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The three compounds were not toxic to a chicken embryo in vivo (after 48 h), and, importantly, showed an anti-angiogenic potential after exposure to the IC50 of compounds 3a, 3b and 3c.

Syntheses, structural, photophysical and theoretical studies of heteroleptic cycloplatinated guanidinate(1-) complexes bearing acetylacetonate and picolinate ancillary ligands

Cycloplatination of symmetrical N,N',N''-triarylguanidines, (ArNH)2C[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr with cis-[Pt(TFA)2(S(O)Me2)2] in toluene afforded cis-[Pt(TAG)(TFA)(S(O)Me2)] (TAG = triarylguanidinate(1-)-κC,κN; TFA = OC(O)CF3; 6-9) in 75-82% yields. The reactions of 6-9 and the previously known cis-[Pt(TAG)X(S(O)Me2)] (X = Cl (1) and TFA (2-5)) with acetylacetone (acacH) or 2-picolinic acid (picH) in the presence of a base afforded [Pt(TAG)(acac)] (acac = acetylacetonate-κ2O,O'; 10-18) and [Pt(TAG)(pic)] (pic = 2-picolinate-κN,κO; 19) in high yields. The new complexes were characterised by analytical, IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopies. Further, molecular structures of 11, 12, 13·0.5 toluene and 14-19 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Absorption spectra of 10-19 in solution and their emission spectra in crystalline form were measured. Platinacycles 10-19 are bluish green light emitter in the crystalline form, and emit in the λPL = 488-529 nm range (11 and 13-19) while 12 emits at λPL = 570 nm. Unlike other platinacycles, the emission band of 12 is broad, red shifted, and this pattern is ascribed to the presence of an intermolecular N-H⋯Pt interaction involving the endocyclic amino unit of the six-membered [Pt(TAG)] ring and the Pt(ii) atom in the adjacent molecule in an asymmetric unit of the crystal lattice. Lifetime measurements were carried out for all platinacycles in crystalline form, which revealed lifetime in the order of nanoseconds. The origin of absorption and emission properties of 11, 15, 18 and 19 were studied by TD-DFT calculations.

Influence of the Steric/Electronic Properties of N-Aryl Substituents in Cycloplatinated Guanidinate(1-) Complexes on the Formation of Discrete Pt → Ag Complexes and One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer

The reactions of cycloplatinated guanidinate(1-) complexes 1-6 with AgTFA (TFA = OC(O)CF₃) in 1:1 and 1:2 Pt^II/Ag^I molar ratios afforded complexes containing three types of Pt₂Ag₂ skeletons (7-10, 11, and 13), one 1D CP containing Pt₂Ag₃ skeleton (16), and a Pt₂Ag₄ complex (17) in 91-95% (method 1), 73-82% (method 2) (7-10), and 54-79% (11, 13, 16, and 17) yields. The reactions of 11 with 2,6-XylNC (2,6-Xyl = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃) and 4-DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) gave a neutral complex 18 and an ionic complex 19, respectively. Molecular structures of 12 complexes were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ten complexes contain unprecedented PtAg skeletons and are shown to contain multiple number of dative Pt → Ag bonds supported by the TFA ligand, platinated carbon of the TAG ligand, or both these ligands in conjunction with the Ag-Ag contacts stabilized by argentophilic interaction. Further, the new complexes were characterized by analytical, IR, and multinuclear NMR (¹⁹F, ¹H, ¹³C{¹H}, and ¹⁹⁵Pt) spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction, and TGA/DTA. In solution, 9 and 19 exist in more than one form as identified by multinuclear NMR, and this behavior is ascribed to the restricted (N₂)C-N(H)Ar single-bond rotation of the TAG ligand. The photophysical properties of 9 and 11 are reported.

Guanidinates as Alternative Ligands for Organometallic Complexes

For decades, ligands such as phosphanes or cyclopentadienyl ring derivatives have dominated Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry. At the same time, alternative compounds have emerged that could compete either for a more practical and accessible synthesis or for greater control of steric and electronic properties. Guanidines, nitrogen-rich compounds, appear as one such potential alternatives as ligands or proligands. In addition to occurring in a plethora of natural compounds, and thus in compounds of pharmacological use, guanidines allow a wide variety of coordination modes to different metal centers along the periodic table, with their monoanionic chelate derivatives being the most common. In this review, we focused on the organometallic chemistry of guanidinato compounds, discussing selected examples of coordination modes, reactivity and uses in catalysis or materials science. We believe that these amazing ligands offer a new promise in Organometallic Chemistry.