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Tejero AG, Castillo J, Viguri F, Carmona D, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, García-Orduña P, Rodríguez R. Dynamic Configuration on a Chiral-at-Rhodium Catalyst Featuring a Flexible Tetradentate Ligand. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303935. [PMID: 38031971 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The unique dynamic configuration of an enantioselective chiral-at-metal catalyst based on Rh(III) and a non-chiral tetradentate ligand is described and resolved. At room temperature, the catalyst undergoes a dynamic configuration process leading to the formation of two interconvertible metal-stereoisomers, remarkably without racemization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this metal-isomerization proceeds via a concerted transition state, which features a trigonal bipyramidal geometry stabilized by the tetradentate ligand. Furthermore, the resolved enantiopure complex shows high catalytic enantioinduction in the Friedel-Crafts reaction, achieving enantiomeric ratios as high as 99 : 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro G Tejero
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Castillo
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Viguri
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Catálisis y Procesos Catalíticos, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Wititsuwannakul T, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. Mechanism of Coupling of Methylidene to Ethylene Ligands in Dimetallic Assemblies; Computational Investigation of a Model for a Key Step in Catalytic C 1 Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18672-18687. [PMID: 36174130 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylidene complexes often couple to ethylene complexes, but the mechanistic insight is scant. The path by which two cations [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(═CH2)]+ (5+) transform (CH2Cl2/acetonitrile) to [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(H2C═CH2)]+ (6+) and [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(NCCH3)]+ is studied by density functional theory. Experiments provide a number of constraints such as the second-order rate in 5+; no prior ligand dissociation/exchange; a faster reaction of (S)-5+ with (S)-5+ than with (R)-5+ ("enantiomer self-recognition"). Although dirhenium dications with Re(μ-CH2)2Re cores represent energy minima, they are not accessible by 2 + 2 cycloadditions of 5+. Transition states leading to ReCH2CH2Re linkages are prohibitively high in energy. However, 5+ can give non-covalent SRe/SRe or SRe/RRe dimers with π interactions between the PPh3 ligands but long ReCH2···H2CRe and H2CRe···H2CRe distances (3.073-3.095 Å and 3.878-4.529 Å, respectively). In rate-determining steps, these afford [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(μ-η2:η2-H2C···CH2)(Ph3P)(ON)Re(η5-C5H5)]2+ (132+), in which one rhenium binds the bridging ethylene more tightly than the other (2.115-2.098 vs 2.431-2.486 Å to the centroid). In the SRe/RRe adduct, Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson optimization leads to unfavorable PPh3/PPh3 contacts. Ligand interactions are further dissected in the preceding transition states via component analyses, and ΔΔG‡ (1.2 kcal/mol, CH2Cl2) favors the SRe/SRe pathway, in accordance with the experiment. Acetonitrile then displaces 6+ from the more weakly bound rhenium of 132+. The formation of similar μ-H2C···CH2 intermediates is found to be rate-determining for varied coordinatively saturated M═CH2 species [M = Fe(d6)/Re(d4)/Ta(d2)], establishing generality and enhancing relevancy to catalytic CH4 and CO/H2 chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taveechai Wititsuwannakul
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Estrada AL, Wititsuwannakul T, Kromm K, Hampel F, Hall MB, Gladysz J. Syntheses, Rearrangements, and Structural Analyses of Unsaturated Nitrogen Donor Ligands Derived from Diphenyldiazomethane and the Chiral Rhenium Lewis Acid [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)]+. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7305-7320. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyldiazomethane and a labile chlorobenzene complex of [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)]+ BF4– react to give the η1 adduct [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(NNCPh2)]+ BF4– (73%). When this is con-ducted in the presence of copper powder, a 3-phenyl-1H-indazole...
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Castillo Molina DA, Wititsuwannakul T, Hampel F, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. Syntheses, Structures, Reactivities, and Basicities of Quinolinyl and Isoquinolinyl Complexes of an Electron Rich Chiral Rhenium Fragment and Their Electrophilic Addition Products. Chemistry 2021; 27:13399-13417. [PMID: 34228842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Li+ [(η5 -C5 H5 )Re(NO)(PPh3 )]- with 2- and 4-chloroquinoline or 1-chloroisoquinoline give the corresponding σ quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl complexes 3, 6, and 8. With 3 and 8 there is further protonation to yield HCl adducts, but additions of KH give the free bases. Treatment of 3 with HBF4 ⋅OEt2 or H(OEt2 )2 + BArf - gives the quinolinium salts [(η5 -C5 H5 )Re(NO)(PPh3 )(C(NH)C(CH)4 C(CH)(CH))]+ X- (3-H+ X- ; X- =BF4 - /BArf - , 94-98 %). Addition of CF3 SO3 CH3 to 3, 6, or 8 affords the corresponding N-methyl quinolinium salts. In the case of [(η5 -C5 H5 )Re(NO)(PPh3 )(C(NCH3 )C(CH)4 C(CH)(CH))]+ CF3 SO3 - (3-CH3 + CF3 SO3 - ), addition of CH3 Li gives the dihydroquinolinium complex (SRe RC ,RRe SC )-[(η5 -C5 H5 )Re(NO)(PPh3 )(C(NCH3 )C(CH)4 C(CHCH3 )(CH2 ))]+ CF3 SO3 - ((SRe RC ,RRe SC )-5+ CF3 SO3 - , 76 %) in diastereomerically pure form. Crystal structures of 3-H+ BArf - , 3-CH3 + CF3 SO3 - , (SRe RC , RRe SC )-5+ Cl- , and 6-CH3 + CF3 SO3 - show that the quinolinium ligands adopt Re⋅⋅⋅C conformations that maximize overlap of their acceptor orbitals with the rhenium fragment HOMO, minimize steric interactions with the bulky PPh3 ligand, and promote various π interactions. NMR experiments establish the Brønsted basicity order 3>8>6, with Ka (BH+ ) values >10 orders of magnitude greater than the parent heterocycles, although they remain less active nucleophilic catalysts in the reactions tested. DFT calculations provide additional insights regarding Re⋅⋅⋅C bonding and conformations, basicities, and the stereochemistry of CH3 Li addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante A Castillo Molina
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Taveechai Wititsuwannakul
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
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