1
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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Mao X, Lu Z, Zhang J, Xie Z. Catalyst-Free Regioselective Diborylation of Aryllithium with Tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317614. [PMID: 38123525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-free 1,2-diborylation of aryllithium with tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4) has been achieved, giving a series of 1,2-diborylaryl lithium species in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions, which leads to 1,2-di(tolyl)borylarenes in 60-91 % yields upon treatment with the hydride-abstracting reagent. In these transformations, one sp2 C-H of arene is activated and both boryl units are utilized to build two new (sp2 )C-B bonds. This represents a new strategy for selective arene diborylation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that an aromatic nucleophilic substitution is a key step in the formation of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Al Mamari HH, Borel J, Hickey A, Courtney E, Merz J, Zhang X, Friedrich A, Marder TB, McGlacken GP. Regioselective Iridium-Catalyzed C8-H Borylation of 4-Quinolones via Transient O-Borylated Quinolines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301734. [PMID: 37280155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The quinolone-quinoline tautomerization is harnessed to effect the regioselective C8-borylation of biologically important 4-quinolones by using [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 as the catalyst precursor, the silica-supported monodentate phosphine Si-SMAP as the ligand, and B2 pin2 as the boron source. Initially, O-borylation of the quinoline tautomer takes place. Critically, the newly formed 4-(pinBO)-quinolines then undergo N-directed selective Ir-catalyzed borylation at C8. Hydrolysis of the OBpin moiety on workup returns the system to the quinolone tautomer. The C8-borylated quinolines were converted to their corresponding potassium trifluoroborate (BF3 K) salts and to their C8-chlorinated quinolone derivatives. The two-step C-H borylation-chlorination reaction sequence resulted in various C8-Cl quinolones in good yields. Conversion to C8-OH-, C8-NH2 -, and C8-Ar-substituted quinolones was also feasible by using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad H Al Mamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoudh 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julie Borel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aobha Hickey
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Eimear Courtney
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
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4
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Barbor JP, Nair VN, Sharp KR, Lohrey TD, Dibrell SE, Shah TK, Walsh MJ, Reisman SE, Stoltz BM. Development of a Nickel-Catalyzed N-N Coupling for the Synthesis of Hydrazides. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37413695 PMCID: PMC10360072 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed N-N cross-coupling for the synthesis of hydrazides is reported. O-Benzoylated hydroxamates were efficiently coupled with a broad range of aryl and aliphatic amines via nickel catalysis to form hydrazides in an up to 81% yield. Experimental evidence implicates the intermediacy of electrophilic Ni-stabilized acyl nitrenoids and the formation of a Ni(I) catalyst via silane-mediated reduction. This report constitutes the first example of an intermolecular N-N coupling compatible with secondary aliphatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Barbor
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Vaishnavi N Nair
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kimberly R Sharp
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sara E Dibrell
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tejas K Shah
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Lee B, Pabst TP, Hierlmeier G, Chirik PJ. Exploring the Effect of Pincer Rigidity on Oxidative Addition Reactions with Cobalt(I) Complexes. Organometallics 2023; 42:708-718. [PMID: 37223209 PMCID: PMC10201995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes containing the 2,6-diaminopyridine-substituted PNP pincer (iPrPNMeNP = 2,6-(iPr2PNMe)2(C5H3N)) were synthesized. A combination of solid-state structures and investigation of the cobalt(I)/(II) redox potential established a relatively rigid and electron-donating chelating ligand as compared to iPrPNP (iPrPNP = 2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2(C5H3N)). Based on a buried volume analysis, the two pincer ligands are sterically indistinguishable. Nearly planar, diamagnetic, four-coordinate complexes were observed independent of the field strength (chloride, alkyl, aryl) of the fourth ligand completing the coordination sphere of the metal. Computational studies supported a higher barrier for C-H oxidative addition, largely a result of the increased rigidity of the pincer. The increased oxidative addition barrier resulted in stabilization of (iPrPNMeNP)Co(I) complexes, enabling the characterization of the cobalt boryl and the cobalt hydride dimer by X-ray crystallography. Moreover, (iPrPNMeNP)CoMe served as an efficient precatalyst for alkene hydroboration likely because of the reduced propensity to undergo oxidative addition, demonstrating that reactivity and catalytic performance can be tuned by rigidity of pincer ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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6
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Sen A, Ansari M, Rajaraman G. Mechanism of Hydroboration of CO 2 Using an Fe Catalyst: What Controls the Reactivity and Product Selectivity? Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3727-3737. [PMID: 36802517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations, various elementary steps in the mechanism of the reductive hydroboration of CO2 to two-electron-reduced boryl formate, four-electron-reduced bis(boryl)acetal, and six-electron-reduced methoxy borane by the [Fe(H)2(dmpe)2] catalyst were established. The replacement of hydride by oxygen ligation after the boryl formate insertion step is the rate-determining step. Our work unveils, for the first time, (i) how a substrate steers product selectivity in this reaction and (ii) the importance of configurational mixing in contracting the kinetic barrier heights. Based on the reaction mechanism established, we have further focused on the effect of other metals, such as Mn and Co, on rate-determining steps and on catalyst regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mursaleem Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Gutiérrez L, Martin-Diaconescu V, Casadevall C, Oropeza F, de la Peña O’Shea VA, Meng J, Ortuño MA, Lloret-Fillol J. Low Oxidation State Cobalt Center Stabilized by a Covalent Organic Framework to Promote Hydroboration of Olefins. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gutiérrez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vlad Martin-Diaconescu
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera BP 1413, Km. 3.3, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Freddy Oropeza
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - JingJing Meng
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Ortuño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Handford RC, Nguyen TT, Teat SJ, Britt RD, Tilley TD. Direct Transformation of SiH 4 to a Molecular L(H) 2Co═Si═Co(H) 2L Silicide Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3031-3039. [PMID: 36696099 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of bimetallic molecular silicide complexes is reported, based on the use of multiple Si-H bond activations in SiH4 at the metal centers of 14-electron LCoI fragments (L = Tp″, HB(3,5-diisopropylpyrazolyl)3-; [BP2tBuPz], PhB(CH2PtBu2)2(pyrazolyl)). Upon exposure of (Tp″Co)2(μ-N2) (1) to SiH4, a mixture of (Tp″Co)2(μ-H) (2) and (Tp″Co)2(μ-H)2 (3) was formed and no evidence for Si-H oxidative addition products was observed. In contrast, [BP2tBuPz]-supported Co complexes led to Si-H oxidative additions with the generation of silylene and silicide complexes as products. Notably, the reaction of ([BP2tBuPz]Co)2(μ-N2) (5) with SiH4 gave the dicobalt silicide complex [BP2tBuPz](H)2Co═Si═Co(H)2[BP2tBuPz] (8) in high yield, representing the first direct route to a symmetrical bimetallic silicide. The effect of the [BP2tBuPz] ligand on Co-Si bonding in 7 and 8 was explored by analysis of solid-state molecular structures and density functional theory (DFT) investigations. Upon exposure to CO or DMAP (DMAP = 4-dimethylaminopyridine), 8 converted to the corresponding [BP2tBuPz]Co(L)x adducts (L = CO, x = 2; L = DMAP, x = 1) with concomitant loss of SiH4, despite the lack of significant Si-H interactions in the starting complex. On heating to 60 °C, 8 underwent reaction with MeCl to produce small quantities of MexSiH4-x (x = 1-3), demonstrating functionalization of the μ-silicon atom in a molecular silicide to form organosilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trisha T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Kasera A, Biswas JP, Ali Alshehri A, Ahmed Al-Thabaiti S, Mokhtar M, Maiti D. Transition metal pincer complexes: A series of potential catalysts in C H activation reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Gerard T, Snyder G, Zeller M, Dickie DA, Lee WT. Synthesis and structural characterization of a series of Co(II) NNN pincer complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Newar R, Begum W, Akhtar N, Antil N, Chauhan M, Kumar A, Gupta P, Malik J, Kumar B, Manna K. Mono‐Phosphine Metal‐Organic Framework‐Supported Cobalt Catalyst for Efficient Borylation Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Newar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Wahida Begum
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry Hauz KhasNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Naved Akhtar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Neha Antil
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Manav Chauhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry Hauz KhasIIT DELHI, HAUZ KHAS 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Poorvi Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHAS 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Jaideep Malik
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Chemistry Roorkee 247667 Roorkee INDIA
| | - Balendra Kumar
- Sri Venkateswara College Chemistry University of Delhi 110021 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Kuntal Manna
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Department of Chemistry CHEMISTRY IIT DELHI, HAUZ KHAS 110016 New Delhi INDIA
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Ghosh P, Schoch R, Bauer M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Selective Benzylic CH‐Borylations by Tandem Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Ghosh
- Dept. of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Pl 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Dept. of Chemistry Center for Sustainable Systems Design, CSSD University of Paderborn 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Dept. of Chemistry Center for Sustainable Systems Design, CSSD University of Paderborn 33098 Paderborn Germany
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13
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Ghosh P, Schoch R, Bauer M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Selective Benzylic CH-Borylations by Tandem Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202110821. [PMID: 34596960 PMCID: PMC9299014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal‐catalyzed C−H activations are environmentally and economically attractive synthetic strategies for the construction of functional molecules as they obviate the need for pre‐functionalized substrates and minimize waste generation. Great challenges reside in the control of selectivities, the utilization of unbiased hydrocarbons, and the operation of atom‐economical dehydrocoupling mechanisms. An especially mild borylation of benzylic CH bonds was developed with the ligand‐free pre‐catalyst Co[N(SiMe3)2]2 and the bench‐stable and inexpensive borylation reagent B2pin2 that produces H2 as the only by‐product. A full set of kinetic, spectroscopic, and preparative mechanistic studies are indicative of a tandem catalysis mechanism of CH‐borylation and dehydrocoupling via molecular CoI catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Ghosh
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Pl 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Dept. of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable Systems Design, CSSD, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Dept. of Chemistry, Center for Sustainable Systems Design, CSSD, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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14
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Kamitani M. Chemically robust and readily available quinoline-based PNN iron complexes: application in C-H borylation of arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13246-13258. [PMID: 34812447 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron catalysts have been used for over a century to produce ammonia industrially. However, the use of iron catalysts generally remained quite limited until relatively recently, when the abundance and low toxicity of iron spurred the development of a variety of iron catalysts. Despite the fact that iron catalysts are being developed as alternatives to precious metal catalysts, their reactivities and stabilities are quite different because of their unique electronic structures. In this context, our group previously developed a new family of quinoline-based PNN pincer-type ligands for low- to mid-valent iron catalysts. These chemically robust PNN ligands provide air- and moisture-tolerant iron complexes, which exhibit excellent catalytic performances in the C-H borylation of arenes. This feature article summarises our recent work on PNN iron complexes, including their conception and design, as well as related reports on iron pincer complexes and iron-catalysed C-H borylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kamitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan.
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15
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Bose SK, Mao L, Kuehn L, Radius U, Nekvinda J, Santos WL, Westcott SA, Steel PG, Marder TB. First-Row d-Block Element-Catalyzed Carbon-Boron Bond Formation and Related Processes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13238-13341. [PMID: 34618418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron reagents represent a unique class of compounds because of their utility in modern synthetic organic chemistry, often affording unprecedented reactivity. The transformation of the carbon-boron bond into a carbon-X (X = C, N, and O) bond in a stereocontrolled fashion has become invaluable in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and natural products chemistry as well as materials science. Over the past decade, first-row d-block transition metals have become increasingly widely used as catalysts for the formation of a carbon-boron bond, a transformation traditionally catalyzed by expensive precious metals. This recent focus on alternative transition metals has enabled growth in fundamental methods in organoboron chemistry. This review surveys the current state-of-the-art in the use of first-row d-block element-based catalysts for the formation of carbon-boron bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India
| | - Lujia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Laura Kuehn
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Nekvinda
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stephen A Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Patrick G Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Lu P, Ren X, Xu H, Lu D, Sun Y, Lu Z. Iron-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12433-12438. [PMID: 34343425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we reported for the first time an iron-catalyzed highly enantioselective hydrogenation of minimally functionalized 1,1-disubstituted alkenes to access chiral alkanes with full conversion and excellent ee. A novel chiral 8-oxazoline iminoquinoline ligand and its iron complex have been designed and synthesized. This protocol is operationally simple by using 1 atm of hydrogen gas and shows good functional group tolerance. A primary mechanism has been proposed by the deuterium-labeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Haofeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongpo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
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17
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Patel TR, Ganguly B. Metal‐free catalytic activation and borylation of the ––H bond of 1‐methyl pyrrole using adamantane‐derived aminoborane frustrated Lewis pairs: A density functional theory study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi R. Patel
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR‐Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR‐Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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18
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Hung MU, Press LP, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. Examination of a Series of Ir and Rh PXL Pincer Complexes as (Pre)catalysts for Aromatic C–H Borylation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Uei Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Loren P. Press
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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19
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Arevalo R, López R, Falvello LR, Riera L, Perez J. Building C(sp 3 ) Molecular Complexity on 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline in Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:379-389. [PMID: 33001533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [Re(N-N)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf (N-N=2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) compounds with tBuLi and with LiHBEt3 have been explored. Addition to the N-N chelate took place with different site-selectivity depending on both chelate and nucleophile. Thus, with tBuLi, an unprecedented addition to C5 of bipy, a regiochemistry not accessible for free bipy, was obtained, whereas coordinated phen underwent tBuLi addition to C2 and C4. Remarkably, when LiHBEt3 reacted with [Re(bipy)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf, hydride addition to the 4 and 6 positions of bipy triggered an intermolecular cyclodimerization of two dearomatized pyridyl rings. In contrast, hydride addition to the phen analog resulted in partial reduction of one pyridine ring. The resulting neutral ReI products showed a varied reactivity with HOTf and with MeOTf to yield cationic complexes. These strategies rendered access to ReI complexes containing bipy- and phen-derived chelates with several C(sp3 ) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, 95343, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Larry R Falvello
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Julio Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
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20
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Dawe LN, Karimzadeh-Younjali M, Dai Z, Khaskin E, Gusev DG. The Milstein Bipyridyl PNN Pincer Complex of Ruthenium Becomes a Noyori-Type Catalyst under Reducing Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19510-19522. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise N. Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | | | - Zengjin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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21
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Jheng NY, Ishizaka Y, Naganawa Y, Sekiguchi A, Nakajima Y. Co(I) complexes with a tetradentate phenanthroline-based PNNP ligand as a potent new metal-ligand cooperation platform. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14592-14597. [PMID: 33107515 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02549f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of low spin cobalt(i) complexes bearing a tetradentate phenanthroline-based PNNP ligand (2,9-bis((diphenylphosphanyl)methyl)-1,10-phenanthroline), [CoCl(PNNP)] (1), [CoMe(PNNP)] (2) and [Co(CH2SiMe3)(PNNP)] (3), were synthesized and structurally identified. Complex 3 underwent a structural rearrangement of the PNNP skeleton upon heating to form [Co(PNNP')] (4), which is supported by an asymmetrical PNNP' ligand with a dearomatized phenanthroline backbone. Mechanistic studies supported that the transformation from 3 to 4 was initiated by the homolysis of either a Co-CH2SiMe3 bond or a benzylic C-H bond. Complex 4 achieved H-H bond cleavage of H2 (1 atm) at ambient temperature, to form [Co(PNNP'')] (6), in which two H atoms were incorporated into the endocyclic double bond of the PNNP'' ligand backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yuan Jheng
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishizaka
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuki Naganawa
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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22
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Esteruelas MA, Martínez A, Oliván M, Oñate E. Direct C-H Borylation of Arenes Catalyzed by Saturated Hydride-Boryl-Iridium-POP Complexes: Kinetic Analysis of the Elemental Steps. Chemistry 2020; 26:12632-12644. [PMID: 32428335 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The saturated trihydride IrH3 {κ3 -P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2 )2 ]} (1; xant(PiPr2 )2 =9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)xanthene) activates the B-H bond of two molecules of pinacolborane (HBpin) to give H2 , the hydride-boryl derivatives IrH2 (Bpin){κ3 -P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2 )2 ]} (2) and IrH(Bpin)2 {κ3 -P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2 )2 ]} (3) in a sequential manner. Complex 3 activates a C-H bond of two molecules of benzene to form PhBpin and regenerates 2 and 1, also in a sequential manner. Thus, complexes 1, 2, and 3 define two cycles for the catalytic direct C-H borylation of arenes with HBpin, which have dihydride 2 as a common intermediate. C-H bond activation of the arenes is the rate-determining step of both cycles, as the C-H oxidative addition to 3 is faster than to 2. The results from a kinetic study of the reactions of 1 and 2 with HBpin support a cooperative function of the hydride ligands in the B-H bond activation. The addition of the boron atom of the borane to a hydride facilitates the coordination of the B-H bond through the formation of κ1 - and κ2 -dihydrideborate intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Newar R, Begum W, Antil N, Shukla S, Kumar A, Akhtar N, Balendra, Manna K. Single-Site Cobalt-Catalyst Ligated with Pyridylimine-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Arene and Benzylic Borylation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10473-10481. [PMID: 32649190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly active single-site heterogeneous cobalt-catalyst based on a porous and robust pyridylimine-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (pyrim-MOF) for chemoselective borylation of arene and benzylic C-H bonds. The pyrim-MOF having UiO-68 topology, constructed from zirconium-cluster secondary building units and pyridylimine-functionalized dicarboxylate bridging linkers, was metalated with CoCl2 followed by treatment of NaEt3BH to give the cobalt-functionalized MOF-catalyst (pyrim-MOF-Co). Pyrim-MOF-Co has a broad substrate scope, allowing the C-H borylation of halogen-, alkoxy-, alkyl-substituted arenes as well as heterocyclic ring systems using B2pin2 or HBpin (pin = pinacolate) as the borylating agent to afford the corresponding arene- or alkyl-boronate esters in good yields. Pyrim-MOF-Co gave a turnover number (TON) of up to 2500 and could be recycled and reused at least 9 times. Pyrim-MOF-Co was also significantly more robust and active than its homogeneous control, highlighting the beneficial effect of active-site isolation within the MOF framework that prevents intermolecular decomposition. The experimental and computational studies suggested (pyrim•-)CoI(THF) as the active catalytic species within the MOF, which undergoes a mechanistic pathway of oxidative addition, turnover limiting σ-bond metathesis, followed by reductive elimination to afford the boronate ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Newar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Wahida Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neha Antil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sakshi Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naved Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Balendra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kuntal Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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24
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Foley BJ, Bhuvanesh N, Zhou J, Ozerov OV. Combined Experimental and Computational Studies of the Mechanism of Dehydrogenative Borylation of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by PNP Complexes of Iridium. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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25
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Arevalo R, Pabst TP, Chirik PJ. C(sp 2)-H Borylation of Heterocycles by Well-Defined Bis(silylene)pyridine Cobalt(III) Precatalysts: Pincer Modification, C(sp 2)-H Activation and Catalytically Relevant Intermediates. Organometallics 2020; 39:2763-2773. [PMID: 32831451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined bis(silylene)pyridine cobalt(III) precatalysts for C(sp2)-H borylation have been synthesized and applied to the investigation of the mechanism of the catalytic borylation of furans and pyridines. Specifically, [( Ar SiNSi)CoH3]·NaHBEt3 ( Ar SiNSi = 2,6-[EtNSi(NtBu)2CAr]2C5H3N, Ar = C6H5 (1-H 3 ·NaHBEt 3 ), 4-MeC6H4 (2-H 3 ·NaHBEt 3 )) and trans-[( Ar SiNSi)Co(H)2BPin] (Ar = C6H5 (1-(H) 2 BPin), 4-MeC6H4 (2-(H) 2 BPin), Pin = pinacolato) were prepared and employed as single component precatalysts for the C(sp2)-H borylation of 2-methylfuran, benzofuran and 2,6-lutidine. The cobalt(III) precursors, 2-H 3 ·NaHBEt 3 and 2-(H) 2 BPin also promoted C(sp2)-H activation of benzofuran, yielding [(ArSiNSi)CoH(Bf)2] (Ar = 4-MeC6H4, 2-H(Bf) 2 , Bf = 2-benzofuranyl). Monitoring the catalytic borylation of 2-methylfuran and 2,6-lutidine by 1H NMR spectroscopy established the trans-dihydride cobalt(III) boryl as the catalyst resting state at low substrate conversion. At higher conversion two distinct pincer modification pathways were identified, depending on the substrate and the boron source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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26
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Ulm F, Cornaton Y, Djukic J, Chetcuti MJ, Ritleng V. Hydroboration of Alkenes Catalysed by a Nickel N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex: Reaction and Mechanistic Aspects. Chemistry 2020; 26:8916-8925. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Ulm
- Université de StrasbourgEcole européenne de Chimie, Polymères et MatériauxCNRS, LIMA UMR 7042 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Université de StrasbourgCNRS, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Djukic
- Université de StrasbourgCNRS, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Michael J. Chetcuti
- Université de StrasbourgEcole européenne de Chimie, Polymères et MatériauxCNRS, LIMA UMR 7042 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Vincent Ritleng
- Université de StrasbourgEcole européenne de Chimie, Polymères et MatériauxCNRS, LIMA UMR 7042 67000 Strasbourg France
- Institut Universitaire de France 1 rue Descartes 75000 Paris France
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27
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28
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Recent advances in the chemistry of group 9—Pincer organometallics. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Kamitani M, Kusaka H, Yuge H. Iron-catalyzed Versatile and Efficient C(sp2)-H Borylation. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kamitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Haruki Kusaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yuge
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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30
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Willot J, Lugan N, Valyaev DA. Binuclear Cu(I) and Mn(0) Complexes with a Tridentate Pyridine-NHC-Phosphane Ligand in a µ-κ2
Ĉ,N
-M;κ1
P
-M Coordination Mode. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Willot
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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31
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Jesse KA, Filatov AS, Xie J, Anderson JS. Neocuproine as a Redox-Active Ligand Platform on Iron and Cobalt. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9057-9066. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Jesse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiaze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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32
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Arevalo R, Chirik PJ. Enabling Two-Electron Pathways with Iron and Cobalt: From Ligand Design to Catalytic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9106-9123. [PMID: 31084022 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysis with Earth-abundant, first-row transition metals, including iron and cobalt, has gained considerable recent attention as a potentially cost-effective and sustainable alternative to more commonly and historically used precious metals. Because fundamental organometallic transformations, such as oxidative addition and reductive elimination, are two-electron processes and essential steps in many important catalytic cycles, controlling redox chemistry-in particular overcoming one-electron chemistry-has been as a central challenge with Earth-abundant metals. This Perspective focuses on approaches to impart sufficiently strong ligand fields to generate electron-rich metal complexes able to promote oxidative addition reactions where the redox changes are exclusively metal-based. Emphasis is placed on how ligand design and exploration of fundamental organometallic chemistry coupled with mechanistic understanding have been used to discover iron catalysts for the hydrogen isotope exchange in pharmaceuticals and cobalt catalysts for C(sp2)-H borylation reactions. A pervasive theme is that first-row metal complexes often promote unique chemistry from their precious-metal counterparts, demonstrating that these elements offer a host of new opportunities for reaction discovery and for more sustainable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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33
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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34
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Li H, Obligacion JV, Chirik PJ, Hall MB. Cobalt Pincer Complexes in Catalytic C-H Borylation: The Pincer Ligand Flips Rather Than Dearomatizes. ACS Catal 2018; 8:10606-10618. [PMID: 30719402 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for the borylation of an aromatic substrate by a cobalt pincer complex was investigated by density functional theory calculations. Experimental observations identified trans-(iPrPNP)CoH2(BPin) as the resting state in the borylation of five-membered heteroarenes, and 4-BPin-(iPrPNP)Co(N2)BPin as the resting state in the catalytic borylation of arene substrates. The active species, 4-R-(iPrPNP)CoBPin (R=H, BPin), were generated by reductive elimination of H2 in the former, through Berry pseudorotation to the cis isomer, and N2 loss in the latter. The catalytic mechanism of the resulting Co(I) complex was computed to involve three main steps: C-H oxidative addition of the aromatic substrate (C6H6), reductive elimination of PhBPin, and regeneration of the active complex. The oxidative addition product formed through the most favorable pathway, where the breaking C-H bond of C6H6 is parallel to a line between the two phosphine atoms, leaves the complex with a distorted PNP ligand, which rearranges to a more stable complex via dissociation and re-association of HBPin. Alternative pathways, σ-bond metathesis and the oxidative addition in which the breaking C-H bond is parallel to the Co-B bond, are predicted to be unlikely for this Co(I) complex. The thermodynamically favorable formation of the product PhBPin via reductive elimination drives the reaction forward. The active species regenerates through the oxidative addition of B2Pin2 and reductive elimination of HBPin. In the overall reaction, the flipping (refolding) of the five-membered phosphine rings, which connects the species with two phosphine rings folded in the same direction and that with them folded in different directions, is found to play an important role in the catalytic process, as it relieves steric crowding within the PNP ligand and opens Co coordination space. Metal-ligand cooperation based on the ligand's aromatization/dearomatization, a common mechanism for heavy-metal pincer complexes, and the dissociation of one phosphine ligand, do not apply in this system. This study provides guidance for understanding important features of pincer ligands with first-transition-row metals that differ from those in heavier metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jennifer V. Obligacion
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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35
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Lim S, Song D, Jeon S, Kim Y, Kim H, Lee S, Cho H, Lee BC, Kim SE, Kim K, Lee E. Cobalt-Catalyzed C-F Bond Borylation of Aryl Fluorides. Org Lett 2018; 20:7249-7252. [PMID: 30388011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical cobalt-catalyzed defluoroborylation of fluoroarenes is presented for the first time. The method permits straightforward functionalization of fluoroarenes, with high selectivity for borylation of C-F over C-H bonds, and a tolerance for aerobic conditions. Furthermore, two-step 18F-fluorination was achieved for expanding the scope of 18F-positron emission tomography probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Lim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dalnim Song
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeon
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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37
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Jayaraman A, Misal Castro LC, Fontaine FG. Practical and Scalable Synthesis of Borylated Heterocycles Using Bench-Stable Precursors of Metal-Free Lewis Pair Catalysts. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Jayaraman
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et de Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Luis C. Misal Castro
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et de Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et de Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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38
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Sung S, Wang Q, Krämer T, Young RD. Synthesis and reactivity of a PC carbeneP cobalt(i) complex: the missing link in the cobalt PXP pincer series (X = B, C, N). Chem Sci 2018; 9:8234-8241. [PMID: 30542572 PMCID: PMC6240806 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first example of a cobalt PCcarbeneP pincer complex (1) featuring a central alkylidene carbon donor accessed through the dehydration of an alcoholic POP proligand.
We report the first example of a cobalt PCcarbeneP pincer complex (1) featuring a central alkylidene carbon donor accessed through the dehydration of an alcoholic POP proligand. Complex 1 shares bonding similarities with cobalt PBP and PNP pincer complexes where the donor atom engages in π-bonding with the cobalt centre, and thus completes the PXP (X = B, C, N) pincer ligand series for cobalt (for X donors that partake in M–L π-bonding). As compared to PBP and PNP pincer complexes, which are known to be good hydride and proton acceptors (respectively), complex 1 is found to be an effective hydrogen atom acceptor. Complex 1 partakes in cooperative ligand reactivity, engaging in several small molecule activations with styrene, bromine, carbon disulphide, phenyl acetylene, acetonitrile, hydrogen, benzaldehyde and water (through microreversibility). The mechanism for the formation of complex 1 is studied through the isolation and computational analysis of key intermediates. The formation of 1 is found to avoid C–H activation of the proligand, and instead proceeds through a combination of O–H activation, hydrogen atom transfer, β-hydride elimination and hydrogen activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 .
| | - Qingyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 .
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Ireland
| | - Rowan D Young
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 .
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39
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Zhou M, Li X, Bu D, Lei H. Synthesis, crystal structures and electrochemical properties of Co(II) and Mn(II) complexes with asymmetric bulky BIAN ligands. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Pang M, Wu C, Zhuang X, Zhang F, Su M, Tong Q, Tung CH, Wang W. Addition of a B–H Bond across an Amido–Cobalt Bond: CoII–H-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Olefins. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maofu Pang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, 243 University Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjuan Wu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Zhuang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mincong Su
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, 243 University Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Verma PK, Mandal S, Geetharani K. Efficient Synthesis of Aryl Boronates via Cobalt-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Chlorides and Bromides. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kumar Verma
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Souvik Mandal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - K. Geetharani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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42
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Zhang S, Han Y, He J, Zhang Y. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed C3-Selective C-H Borylation of Indoles: Synthesis, Intermediates, and Reaction Mechanism. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1377-1386. [PMID: 29284261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Without the addition of any additives and production of any small molecules, C3-borylated indoles and transfer hydrogenated indolines have been simultaneously achieved by a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed disproportionation reaction of a broad range of indoles with catecholborane. This catalyst system exhibits excellent catalytic performance for practical applications, such as easy scale-up under solvent-free conditions and long catalytic lifetime over ten sequential additions of starting materials. A combined mechanistic study, including isolation and characterization of key reaction intermediates, analysis of the disproportionation nature of the reaction, in situ NMR of the reaction, and analysis of detailed experimental data, has led to a possible reaction mechanism which illustrates pathways for the formation of both major products and byproducts. Understanding the reaction mechanism enables us to successfully suppress side reactions by choosing appropriate substrates and adjusting the amount of catecholborane needed. More importantly, with an elevated reaction temperature, we could achieve the convergent disproportionation reaction of indoles, in which indolines were continuously oxidized to indoles for the next disproportionation catalytic cycle. Near quantitative conversions and up to 98% yields of various C3-selective borylated indoles were achieved, without any additives or H2 acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yuxi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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43
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Krishnan VM, Arman HD, Tonzetich ZJ. Preparation and reactivity of a square-planar PNP cobalt(ii)–hydrido complex: isolation of the first {Co–NO}8–hydride. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1435-1441. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a square-planar cobalt(ii) hydrido complex supported by a pyrrole-based PNP ligand has been reinvestigated and its reactivity with various small molecules examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mahesh Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at San Antonio(UTSA)
- San Antonio
- USA
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at San Antonio(UTSA)
- San Antonio
- USA
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44
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Zhou J, Lee CI, Ozerov OV. Computational Study of the Mechanism of Dehydrogenative Borylation of Terminal Alkynes by SiNN Iridium Complexes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- MIIT
Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion
and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chun-I Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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45
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Obligacion JV, Zhong H, Chirik PJ. Insights into Activation of Cobalt Pre-Catalysts for C( sp2)-H Functionalization. Isr J Chem 2017; 57:1032-1036. [PMID: 29456261 PMCID: PMC5813819 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The activation of readily prepared, air-stable cobalt (II) bis(carboxylate) pre-catalysts for the functionalization of C(sp2)-H bonds has been systematically studied. With the pyridine bis(phosphine) chelate, iPrPNP, treatment of 1-(O2CtBu)2 with either B2Pin2 or HBPin generated cobalt boryl products. With the former, reduction to (iPrPNP)CoIBPin was observed while with the latter, oxidation to the cobalt(III) dihydride boryl, trans-(iPrPNP)Co(H)2BPin occurred. The catalytically inactive cobalt complex, Co[PinB(O2CtBu)2]2, accompanied formation of the cobalt-boryl products in both cases. These results demonstrate that the pre-catalyst activation from cobalt(II) bis(carboxylates), although effective and utilizes an air-stable precursor, is less efficient than activation of cobalt(I) alkyl or cobalt(III) dihydride boryl complexes, which are quantitatively converted to the catalytically relevant cobalt(I) boryl. Related cobalt(III) dihydride silyl and cobalt(I) silyl complexes were also synthesized from treatment of trans-(iPrPNP)Co(H)2BPin and (iPrPNP)CoPh with HSi(OEt)3, respectively. No catalytic silylation of arenes was observed with either complex likely due to the kinetic preference for reversible C-H reductive elimination rather than product- forming C-Si bond formation from cobalt(III). Syntheses of the cobalt(II) bis(carboxylate) and cobalt(I) alkyl of iPrPONOP, a pincer where the methylene spacers have been replaced by oxygen atoms, were unsuccessful due to deleterious P-O bond cleavage of the pincer. Despite their structural similarity, the rich catalytic chemistry of iPrPNP was not translated to iPrPONOP due to the inability to access stable cobalt precursors as a result of ligand decomposition via P-O bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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46
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Légaré Lavergne J, Jayaraman A, Misal Castro LC, Rochette É, Fontaine FG. Metal-Free Borylation of Heteroarenes Using Ambiphilic Aminoboranes: On the Importance of Sterics in Frustrated Lewis Pair C-H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14714-14723. [PMID: 28901757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two novel frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) aminoboranes, (1-Pip-2-BH2-C6H4)2 (2; Pip = piperidyl) and (1-NEt2-2-BH2-C6H4)2 (3; NEt2 = diethylamino), were synthesized, and their structural features were elucidated both in solution and in the solid state. The reactivity of these species for the borylation of heteroarenes was investigated and compared to previously reported (1-TMP-2-BH2-C6H4)2 (1; TMP = tetramethylpiperidyl) and (1-NMe2-2-BH2-C6H4)2 (4; NMe2 = dimethylamino). It was shown that 2 and 3 are more active catalysts for the borylation of heteroarenes than the bulkier analogue 1. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations were performed with 1 and 2 to ascertain the influence of the amino group of this FLP-catalyzed transformation. The C-H activation step was found to be more facile with smaller amines at the expense of a more difficult dissociation of the dimeric species. The bench-stable fluoroborate salts of all catalysts (1F-4F) have been synthesized and tested for the borylation reaction. The new precatalysts 2F and 3F are showing higher reaction rates and yields for multigram-scale syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Légaré Lavergne
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Luis C Misal Castro
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Étienne Rochette
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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47
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Abstract
Cobalt dialkyl complexes bearing α-diimine ligands proved to be active precatalysts for the nondirected, C(sp3)-H selective hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) of alkylarenes using D2 gas as the deuterium source. Alkylarenes with a variety of substitution patterns and heteroatom substituents on the arene ring were successfully labeled, enabling high levels of incorporation into primary, secondary, and tertiary benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds. In some cases, the HIE proceeded with high diastereoselectivity and application of the cobalt-catalyzed method to enantioenriched substrates with benzylic stereocenters provided enantioretentive hydrogen isotope exchange at tertiary carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Neil Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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48
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Obligacion JV, Chirik PJ. Mechanistic Studies of Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H Borylation of Five-Membered Heteroarenes with Pinacolborane. ACS Catal 2017; 7:4366-4371. [PMID: 29479489 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies into the mechanism of cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2)-H borylation of five-membered heteroarenes with pinacolborane (HBPin) as the boron source established the catalyst resting state as the trans-cobalt(III) dihydride boryl, (iPrPNP)Co(H)2(BPin) (iPrPNP = 2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2(C5H3N)), at both low and high substrate conversions. The overall first-order rate law and observation of a normal deuterium kinetic isotope effect on the borylation of benzofuran versus benzofuran-2-d1 support H2 reductive elimination from the cobalt(III) dihydride boryl as the turnover-limiting step. These findings stand in contrast to that established previously for the borylation of 2,6-lutidine with the same cobalt precatalyst, where borylation of the 4-position of the pincer occurred faster than the substrate turnover and arene C-H activation by a cobalt(I) boryl is turnover-limiting. Evaluation of the catalytic activity of different cobalt precursors in the C-H borylation of benzofuran with HBPin established that the ligand design principles for C- H borylation depend on the identities of both the arene and the boron reagent used: electron-donating groups improve catalytic activity of the borylation of pyridines and arenes with B2Pin2, whereas electron-withdrawing groups improve catalytic activity of the borylation of five-membered heteroarenes with HBPin. Catalyst deactivation by P-C bond cleavage from a cobalt(I) hydride was observed in the C-H borylation of arene substrates with C-H bonds that are less acidic than those of five-membered heteroarenes using HBPin and explains the requirement of B2Pin2 to achieve synthetically useful yields with these arene substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V. Obligacion
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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49
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Ren H, Zhou YP, Bai Y, Cui C, Driess M. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective Borylation of Arenes: N-Heterocyclic Silylene as an Electron Donor in the Metal-Mediated Activation of C−H Bonds. Chemistry 2017; 23:5663-5667. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Peng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Sekr C2; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 Berlin 10623 Germany
| | - Yunping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Sekr C2; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 Berlin 10623 Germany
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50
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Palmer WN, Zarate C, Chirik PJ. Benzyltriboronates: Building Blocks for Diastereoselective Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2589-2592. [PMID: 28156108 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction involving the tandem coupling of benzyltriboronates, enoates, and alkyl halides is described. This method was enabled by the discovery of α-diimine nickel catalysts that promote the chemoselective triborylation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds using B2Pin2 (Pin = pinacolate). The C-H functionalization method is effective with methylarenes and for the diborylation of secondary benzylic C-H bonds, providing direct access to polyboron building blocks from readily available hydrocarbons. Combination of the benzylic perborylation with a new deborylative conjugate addition-alkylation method enables a one-pot procedure in which multiple simple precursors are combined to generate diastereopure products containing quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Neil Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Cayetana Zarate
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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