1
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Kulathungage LW, Kurup SS, Browne EA, Spalink GH, Ward CL, Lord RL, Groysman S. Efficient carbene transfer reactivity mediated by Fe(II) complexes supported by bulky alkoxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7033-7036. [PMID: 38896088 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein we describe the stoichiometric and catalytic carbene-transfer reactivity of iron(II) alkoxide complexes with iodonium ylide precursors. Treatment of PhIC(CO2Me)2 with styrene in the presence of catalytic amounts of several different Fe(OR)2(THF)2 precursors results in efficient cyclopropanation for a variety of styrenes. Computational and reactivity studies suggest a novel remote metallocarbene/vinyl radical intermediate, Fe(OR)2(κ2-(OC(OMe))2C), which could be responsible for the reactive nature of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudheer S Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Edison A Browne
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
| | - Gabriel H Spalink
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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2
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Gwinn R, Williams M, Latendresse TP, Slebodnick C, Troya D, Tarannum T, Thornton DA. Synthesis, Characterization, and the Effect of Lewis Bases on the Nuclearity of Iron Alkoxide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7692-7704. [PMID: 38608180 PMCID: PMC11061831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the potential of alkoxides as weak-field ligands and their ability to bridge, we report herein a series of high-spin iron complexes supported by a bis-alkoxide framework PhDbf. A diiron complex [Fe2(PhDbf)2] (1a) is obtained upon metalation of the ligand, whereas addition of substituted pyridines affords five-coordinate mononuclear iron complexes [(R-Py)2Fe(PhDbf)] (2a-4a, R = H, p-tBu, p-CF3). The potential for nuclearity control of the metal complexes via auxiliary ligands is highlighted by the formation of asymmetric diiron species [(p-CF3-Py)Fe2(PhDbf)2] (5a) and [(m-CF3-Py)Fe2(PhDbf)2] (6a) with trifluoromethyl substituted pyridines, while electron-rich pyridines only produced monomeric species. Electronic properties analysis via UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory, along with redox capabilities of these complexes are reported to illustrate the effect of nuclearity on reactivity and the potential of these complexes to access higher oxidation states relevant in oxidative chemistry. Species 1a-5a, [(THF)2Fe(PhDbf)][PF6] (7), [PyFe(PhDbf)Cl] (2b), and [Py2Fe(PhDbf)][PF6] (2c) were characterized via SCXRD. Indirect evidence for the formation of dimeric Fe(III) species (1b, 5b, and 6b) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly
K. Gwinn
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Matthew Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Trevor P. Latendresse
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tasnema Tarannum
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diana A. Thornton
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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3
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Gonzalez A, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Werncke CG. A low-coordinate iron organoazide complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11532-11535. [PMID: 37672291 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A labile organoazide iron complex is reported. Under ambient conditions, the azide adduct is subject to a dissociation equilibrium in solution, yet also undergoes intramolecular C-H bond amination. Single-crystal irradiation of the azide at 80 K leads to partial N2-extrusion and formation of a putative imido iron intermediate, which was computationally identified as a highly covalent {FeNR}8 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gonzalez
- Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg D-35032, Germany.
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - C Gunnar Werncke
- Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, Marburg D-35032, Germany.
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4
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Xiong J, Liu Q, Lavina B, Hu MY, Zhao J, Alp EE, Deng L, Ye S, Guo Y. Spin polarization assisted facile C-H activation by an S = 1 iron(iv)-bisimido complex: a comprehensive spectroscopic and theoretical investigation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2808-2820. [PMID: 36937578 PMCID: PMC10016330 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High valent iron terminal imido species (Fe[double bond, length as m-dash]NR) have been shown to be key reactive intermediates in C-H functionalization. However, the detailed structure-reactivity relationship in Fe[double bond, length as m-dash]NR species derived from studies of structurally well-characterized high-valent Fe[double bond, length as m-dash]NR complexes are still scarce, and the impact of imido N-substituents (electron-donating vs. electron-withdrawing) on their electronic structures and reactivities has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we report spectroscopic and computational studies on a rare S = 1 iron(iv)-bisimido complex featuring trifluoromethyl groups on the imido N-substituents, [(IPr)Fe(NC(CF3)2Ph)2] (2), and two closely related S = 0 congeners bearing alkyl and aryl substituents, [(IPr)Fe(NC(CMe3)2Ph)2] (3) and [(IPr)Fe(NDipp)2] (1), respectively. Compared with 1 and 3, 2 exhibits a decreased Fe[double bond, length as m-dash]NR bond covalency due to the electron-withdrawing and the steric effect of the N-substituents, which further leads to a pseudo doubly degenerate ground electronic structure and spin polarization induced β spin density on the imido nitrogens. This unique electronic structure, which differs from those of the well-studied Fe(iv)-oxido complexes and many previously reported Fe(iv)-imido complexes, provides both kinetic and thermodynamic advantages for facile C-H activation, compared to the S = 0 counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Barbara Lavina
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Michael Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Esen E Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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5
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Aziridination Reactivity of a Manganese(II) Complex with a Bulky Chelating Bis(Alkoxide) Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185751. [PMID: 36144492 PMCID: PMC9505844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Mn(N(SiMe3)2)2(THF)2 with bulky chelating bis(alkoxide) ligand [1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl]-2,2′′-diylbis(diphenylmethanol) (H2[O-terphenyl-O]Ph) formed a seesaw manganese(II) complex Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2, characterized by structural, spectroscopic, magnetic, and analytical methods. The reactivity of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 with various nitrene precursors was investigated. No reaction was observed between Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 and aryl azides. In contrast, the treatment of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 with iminoiodinane PhINTs (Ts = p-toluenesulfonyl) was consistent with the formation of a metal-nitrene complex. In the presence of styrene, the reaction led to the formation of aziridine. Combining varying ratios of styrene and PhINTs in different solvents with 10 mol% of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 at room temperature produced 2-phenylaziridine in up to a 79% yield. Exploration of the reactivity of Mn[O-terphenyl-O]Ph(THF)2 with various olefins revealed (1) moderate aziridination yields for p-substituted styrenes, irrespective of the electronic nature of the substituent; (2) moderate yield for 1,1′-disubstituted α-methylstyrene; (3) no aziridination for aliphatic α-olefins; (4) complex product mixtures for the β-substituted styrenes. DFT calculations suggest that iminoiodinane is oxidatively added upon binding to Mn, and the resulting formal imido intermediate has a high-spin Mn(III) center antiferromagnetically coupled to an imidyl radical. This imidyl radical reacts with styrene to form a sextet intermediate that readily reductively eliminates the formation of a sextet Mn(II) aziridine complex.
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6
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Mao W, Fehn D, Heinemann FW, Scheurer A, van Gastel M, Jannuzzi SAV, DeBeer S, Munz D, Meyer K. Umpolung in a Pair of Cobalt(III) Terminal Imido/Imidyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206848. [PMID: 35674679 PMCID: PMC9541304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the CoI complex [(TIMMNmes)CoI](PF6) (1) (TIMMNmes=tris‐[2‐(3‐mesityl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene)‐methyl]amine) with mesityl azide yields the CoIII imide [(TIMMNmes)CoIII(NMes)](PF6) (2). Oxidation of 2 with [FeCp2](PF6) provides access to a rare CoIII imidyl [(TIMMNmes)Co(NMes)](PF6)2 (3). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry and EPR spectroscopy confirm the molecular structure of 3 and its S=1/2
ground state. ENDOR, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and computational analyses indicate a ligand‐based oxidation; thus, an imidyl‐radical electronic structure for 3. Migratory insertion of one ancillary NHC to the imido ligand in 2 gives the CoIN‐heterocyclic imine (4) within 12 h. Conversely, it takes merely 0.5 h for 3 to transform to the CoII congener (5). The migratory insertion in 2 occurs via a nucleophilic attack of the imido ligand at the NHC to give 4, whereas in 3, a nucleophilic attack of the NHC at the electrophilic imidyl ligand yields 5. The reactivity shunt upon oxidation of 2 to 3 confirms an umpolung of the imido ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Mao
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Sergio A. V. Jannuzzi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Current address: Saarland University Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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7
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Damiano C, Cavalleri M, Panza N, Gallo E. Cobalt Porphyrin‐Catalysed Synthesis of Azobenzenes by Dehydrogenative Coupling of Anilines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Damiano
- University of Milan: Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Matteo Cavalleri
- University of Milan: Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Nicola Panza
- University of Milan: Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Emma Gallo
- Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano ITALY
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8
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Mao W, Fehn D, Heinemann FW, Scheurer A, van Gastel M, Jannuzzi SAV, DeBeer S, Munz D, Meyer K. Umpolung in a Pair of Cobalt(III) Terminal Imido/Imidyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Mao
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Spectroscopy GERMANY
| | | | - Serena DeBeer
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Spectroscopy GERMANY
| | - Dominik Munz
- Saarland University: Universitat des Saarlandes Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie Anorganische ChemieEgerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen GERMANY
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9
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Kurup SS, Nasser S, Ward CL, Groysman S. Synthesis and structure of a new bulky bis-(alkoxide) ligand on a terphenyl platform. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:92-96. [PMID: 35079433 PMCID: PMC8739204 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021013438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A new sterically bulky chelating bis-(alkoxide) ligand 3,3'-([1,1':4',1''-terphen-yl]-2,2''-di-yl)bis-(2,2,4,4-tetra-methyl-pentan-3-ol), (H2[OO]tBu), was prepared in a two-step process as the di-chloro-methane monosolvate, C36H50O2·CH2Cl2. The first step is a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction between 2-bromo-phenyl-boronic acid and 1,4-di-iodo-benzene. The resulting 2,2''-di-bromo-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl was reacted with t BuLi and hexa-methyl-acetone to obtain the desired product. The crystal structure of H2[OO]tBu revealed an anti conformation of the [CPh2(OH)] fragments relative to the central phenyl. Furthermore, the hydroxyl groups point away from each other. Likely because of this anti-anti conformation, the attempts to synthesize first-row transition-metal complexes with H2[OO]tBu were not successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer S. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Sandra Nasser
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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10
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Groysman S, Kurup SS. Catalytic synthesis of azoarenes via metal-mediated nitrene coupling. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4577-4589. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00228k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various valuable properties of azoarenes (“azo dyes”), including their vivid colors and their facile cis-trans photoisomerization, lead to their wide use in the chemical industry. As a result, ~700,000 metric...
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11
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Kuzhalmozhi Madarasi P, Sivasankar C. Grignard reagent dictated copper(I) phosphines catalyzed reductive coupling of diazo compounds: The chemistry beyond carbene generation. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Pondicherry University Pondicherry India
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12
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Wannipurage D, Kurup SS, Groysman S. Heterocoupling of Different Aryl Nitrenes to Produce Asymmetric Azoarenes Using Iron–Alkoxide Catalysis and Investigation of the Cis–Trans Isomerism of Selected Bulky Asymmetric Azoarenes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sudheer S. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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13
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Damiano C, Sonzini P, Caselli A, Gallo E. Imido complexes of groups 8–10 active in nitrene transfer reactions. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
A wide range of methodologies for the preparation of organic azides has been reported in the literature for many decades, due to their interest as building blocks for different transformations and their applications in biology as well as in materials science. More recently, with the spread of the use of transition metal-catalyzed reactions, new perspectives have also materialized in azidation processes, especially concerning the azidation of C–H bonds and direct difunctionalization of multiple carbon-carbon bonds. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on reactions involving substrates bearing a leaving group, hydroazidation reactions and azidation reactions that proceed with the formation of more than one bond. Further reactions for the preparation of allyl and vinyl azides as well as for azidations involving the opening of a ring complete the classification of the material.
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15
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Kurup SS, Staples RJ, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis of Chromium(II) Complexes with Chelating Bis(alkoxide) Ligand and Their Reactions with Organoazides and Diazoalkanes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25020273. [PMID: 31936557 PMCID: PMC7024303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of new chromium(II) complexes with chelating bis(alkoxide) ligand [OO]Ph (H2[OO]Ph = [1,1′:4′,1′’-terphenyl]-2,2′’-diylbis(diphenylmethanol)) and their subsequent reactivity in the context of catalytic production of carbodiimides from azides and isocyanides are described. Two different Cr(II) complexes are obtained, as a function of the crystallization solvent: mononuclear Cr[OO]Ph(THF)2 (in toluene/THF, THF = tetrahydrofuran) and dinuclear Cr2([OO]Ph)2 (in CH2Cl2/THF). The electronic structure and bonding in Cr[OO]Ph(THF)2 were probed by density functional theory calculations. Isolated Cr2([OO]Ph)2 undergoes facile reaction with 4-MeC6H4N3, 4-MeOC6H4N3, or 3,5-Me2C6H3N3 to yield diamagnetic Cr(VI) bis(imido) complexes; a structure of Cr[OO]Ph(N(4-MeC6H4))2 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The reaction of Cr2([OO]Ph)2 with bulkier azides N3R (MesN3, AdN3) forms paramagnetic products, formulated as Cr[OO]Ph(NR). The attempted formation of a Cr–alkylidene complex (using N2CPh2) instead forms chromium(VI) bis(diphenylmethylenehydrazido) complex Cr[OO]Ph(NNCPh2)2. Catalytic formation of carbodiimides was investigated for the azide/isocyanide mixtures containing various aryl azides and isocyanides. The formation of carbodiimides was found to depend on the nature of organoazide: whereas bulky mesitylazide led to the formation of carbodiimides with all isocyanides, no carbodiimide formation was observed for 3,5-dimethylphenylazide or 4-methylphenylazide. Treatment of Cr2([OO]Ph)2 or H2[OO]Ph with NO+ leads to the formation of [1,2-b]-dihydroindenofluorene, likely obtained via carbocation-mediated cyclization of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer S. Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
- Correspondence: (R.L.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.L.L.); (S.G.)
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16
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Grass A, Wannipurage D, Lord RL, Groysman S. Group-transfer chemistry at transition metal centers in bulky alkoxide ligand environments. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Peng Y, Fan YH, Li SY, Li B, Xue J, Deng QH. Iron-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reaction of 4-Hydroxystilbenes with Aryl Azides: Synthesis of Imines via C═C Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2019; 21:8389-8394. [PMID: 31588751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
C═C bond breaking to access the C═N bond remains an underdeveloped area. A new protocol for C═C bond cleavage of alkenes under nonoxidative conditions to produce imines via an iron-catalyzed nitrene transfer reaction of 4-hydroxystilbenes with aryl azides is reported. The success of various sequential one-pot reactions reveals that the good compatibility of this method makes it very attractive for synthetic applications. On the basis of experimental observations, a plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Yan-Hui Fan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Si-Yuan Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Bin Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Jing Xue
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Qing-Hai Deng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
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18
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Kurup SS, Wannipurage D, Lord RL, Groysman S. Tying the alkoxides together: an iron complex of a new chelating bulky bis(alkoxide) demonstrates selectivity for coupling of non-bulky aryl nitrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10780-10783. [PMID: 31432810 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New chelating bis(alkoxide) ligand H2[OO]Ph and its iron(ii) complex Fe[OO]Ph(THF)2 are described. The coordination of the ligand to the metal center is reminiscent of the coordination of two monodentate alkoxides in previously reported Fe(OR)2(THF)2 species. Fe[OO]Ph(THF)2 catalyzes selective and efficient dimerization of non-bulky aryl nitrenes to yield the corresponding azoarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer S Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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19
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Hakey BM, Darmon JM, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Milsmann C. Reactivity of Pyridine Dipyrrolide Iron(II) Complexes with Organic Azides: C–H Amination and Iron Tetrazene Formation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11028-11042. [PMID: 31364852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Hakey
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Darmon
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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20
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Zhong W, Liu X, Zhu H, Zhao J, Yan H. Reactivity Modes of Cp*M-Type Half-Sandwich Dichalcogenolate Complexes with 2,6-Disubstituted Aryl Azides: The Effects of the Metal Center, Chalcogen, and Ligand Moiety on Product Formation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12719-12726. [PMID: 31460394 PMCID: PMC6682133 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cp*M-type half-sandwich dichalcogenolate complexes bearing either carborane or benzene moieties show diverse reactivity patterns toward two selected 2,6-disubstituted aryl azides under thermal or photolytic conditions. The chalcogen (S and Se) has little effect on the formation of final products. However, the effects of both the metal center and the ligand moiety of the metal precursor on the reactions were significant. Compared to iridium precursor Cp*IrS2C2B10H10 (1a), rhodium and cobalt analogues (1b: Cp*RhS2C2B10H10, 1c: Cp*CoS2C2B10H10) demonstrated no reactivity toward aryl azides. The reaction of Cp*IrSe2C2B10H10 (1d) with 2,6-Me2C6H3N3 led to the clean formation of complex 2 with C(sp3)-H activation of one methyl group of the Cp* ligand and loss of N2 along with the rearrangement of the benzene ring of the original azide ligand, whereas the treatment of Cp*IrS2C6H4 (1e) with 2,6-Me2C6H3N3 under the same reaction conditions gave a 16-electron half-sandwich complex 5 featuring C-N coupling on one methyl group from the Cp* ligand. When 2-Me-6-NO2C6H3N3 was employed, the same reaction patterns for forming products (3 and 6) with the nitro group migrating to the para-position versus the original aryl azide were observed. In addition, the reaction with metal precursor 1d generated another product 4 featuring the exchange of nitro and azido groups, while the reaction with 1e afforded another complex 7 with the formation of the N-NO2 moiety. All new complexes were characterized by spectroscopy methods, and single-crystal X-ray analyses were performed for complexes 2 and 5-7. Furthermore, radical mechanisms for the formation of complexes 2-7 were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- College
of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College
of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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21
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Grass A, Stoian SA, Lord RL, Groysman S. Transition metal-mediated reductive coupling of diazoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8458-8461. [PMID: 31263817 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03771c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first transition metal mediated reductive coupling of diazoesters through the terminal nitrogens is reported. The resulting tetrazene-bridged bis(diazenylacetate) serves as a novel dinucleating ligand to iron(III). DFT calculations suggest that the reductive coupling takes place via a κ2 intermediate, which induces significant radical character on the terminal nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grass
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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22
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Brown AC, Suess DLM. Controlling Substrate Binding to Fe 4S 4 Clusters through Remote Steric Effects. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5273-5280. [PMID: 30901206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extraordinary reactivity exhibited by many Fe-S enzymes is due in large part to the influence of the protein scaffold on substrate binding and activation. In principle, the coordination chemistry of synthetic Fe-S clusters could similarly be controlled through remote steric effects. Toward this end, we report the synthesis of 3:1 site-differentiated [Fe4S4] clusters ligated by N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with variable steric profiles: IMes (1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) and I iPrMe (1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene). Treatment of (IMes)3Fe4S4Cl with NaBArF4 in ethereal solvents (Et2O and THF) leads to the formation of an ether adduct, [(IMes)3Fe4S4(solv)][BArF4]; solvent can be displaced by addition of tBuNC to form the unusual monoisocyanide adduct [(IMes)3Fe4S4(CN tBu)][BArF4]. Carrying out the same reactions with the less sterically encumbered cluster (I iPrMe)3Fe4S4Cl results in more typical reactivity: undesired ligand redistribution to form the homoleptic cluster [(I iPrMe)4Fe4S4][BArF4] and generation of the triisocyanide adduct [(I iPrMe)3Fe4S4(CN tBu)3][BArF4]. The increased steric profile of the IMes ligands disfavors ligand redistribution and defines a binding pocket at the apical Fe, thereby enabling the generation of a coordinatively unsaturated and substitutionally labile Fe site. This method of controlling the coordination chemistry at the apical Fe site by modifying the sterics of ligands bound to adjacent Fe sites complements existing strategies for generating site-differentiated Fe-S clusters and provides new opportunities to direct reactivity at cuboidal metalloclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Brown
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel L M Suess
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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23
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Grass A, Dewey NS, Lord RL, Groysman S. Ketenimine Formation Catalyzed by a High-Valent Cobalt Carbene in Bulky Alkoxide Ligand Environment. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grass
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Dewey
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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24
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Shimbayashi T, Sasakura K, Eguchi A, Okamoto K, Ohe K. Recent Progress on Cyclic Nitrenoid Precursors in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene-Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2018; 25:3156-3180. [PMID: 30183111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrene-transfer reactions are powerful synthetic tools for the direct incorporation of nitrogen atoms into organic molecules. The discovery of novel nitrene-transfer reactions has been dominantly supported not only by improvements in transition-metal catalysts but also by the employment of novel precursors of nitrenoids. Since pioneering work involving the use of organic azides and iminoiodinanes as practical synthetic tools for nitrogen-containing compounds was reported, a new approach using various N-heterocycles containing strain energy or a weak bond has emerged. In this review, we briefly summarize the history of nitrene-transfer chemistry from the viewpoint of its precursors. In particular, the use of N-heterocycles such as 2H-azirines, 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones, isoxazol-5(4H)-ones, and isoxazoles is comprehensively described, showing the recent remarkable progress in this chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimbayashi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Sasakura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Eguchi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Yousif M, Wannipurage D, Huizenga CD, Washnock-Schmid E, Peraino NJ, Ozarowski A, Stoian SA, Lord RL, Groysman S. Catalytic Nitrene Homocoupling by an Iron(II) Bis(alkoxide) Complex: Bulking Up the Alkoxide Enables a Wider Range of Substrates and Provides Insight into the Reaction Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9425-9438. [PMID: 30015481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of HOR' (OR' = di-t-butyl-(3,5-diphenylphenyl)methoxide) with an iron(II) amide precursor forms the iron(II) bis(alkoxide) complex Fe(OR')2(THF)2 (2). 2 (5-10 mol %) serves as a catalyst for the conversion of aryl azides into the corresponding azoarenes. The highest yields are observed for aryl azides featuring two ortho substituents; other substitution patterns in the aryl azide precursor lead to moderate or low yields. The reaction of 2 with stoichiometric amounts (2 equiv) of the corresponding aryl azide shows the formation of azoarenes as the only organic products for the bulkier aryl azides (Ar = mesityl, 2,6-diethylphenyl). In contrast, formation of tetrazene complexes Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) (3-6) is observed for the less bulky aryl azides (Ar = phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl). The electronic structure of selected tetrazene complexes was probed by spectroscopy (field-dependent 57Fe Mössbauer and high-frequency EPR) and density functional theory calculations. These studies revealed that Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) complexes contain high-spin ( S = 5/2) iron(III) centers exchange-coupled to tetrazene radical anions. Tetrazene complexes Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) produce the corresponding azoarenes (ArNNAr) upon heating. Treatment of a tetrazene complex Fe(OR')2(ArNNNNAr) with a different azide (N3Ar') produces all three possible products ArNNAr, ArNNAr', and Ar'NNAr'. These experiments and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations exploring the reaction mechanism suggest that the tetrazene functionality serves as a masked form of the reactive iron mono(imido) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Duleeka Wannipurage
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Caleb D Huizenga
- Department of Chemistry , Grand Valley State University , Allendale , Michigan 49401 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Washnock-Schmid
- Department of Chemistry , Grand Valley State University , Allendale , Michigan 49401 , United States
| | - Nicholas J Peraino
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Idaho , Moscow , Idaho 83844 , United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry , Grand Valley State University , Allendale , Michigan 49401 , United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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26
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McWilliams SF, Bill E, Lukat-Rodgers G, Rodgers KR, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Effects of N 2 Binding Mode on Iron-Based Functionalization of Dinitrogen to Form an Iron(III) Hydrazido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8586-8598. [PMID: 29957940 PMCID: PMC6115203 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing the reactivity differences between N2 complexes having different binding modes is crucial for the design of effective N2-functionalizing reactions. Here, we compare the reactions of a K-bridged, dinuclear FeNNFe complex with a monomeric Fe(N2) complex where the bimetallic core is broken up by the addition of chelating agents. The new anionic iron(0) dinitrogen complex has enhanced electron density at the distal N atoms of coordinated N2, and though the N2 is not as weakened in this monomeric compound, it is much more reactive toward silylation by (CH3)3SiI (TMSI). Double silylation of N2 gives a three-coordinate iron(III) hydrazido(2-) complex, which is finely balanced between coexisting S = 1/2 and S = 3/2 states that are characterized by crystallography, spectroscopy, and computations. These results give insight into the interdependence between binding modes, alkali dependence, reactivity, and magnetic properties within an iron system that functionalizes N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F. McWilliams
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Insitut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gudrun Lukat-Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Kenton R. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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27
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Goswami M, de Bruin B. Porphyrin Co(III)-Nitrene Radical Mediated Pathway for Synthesis of o-Aminoazobenzenes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051052. [PMID: 29723980 PMCID: PMC6102545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzenes are versatile compounds with a range of applications, including dyes and pigments, food additives, indicators, radical reaction initiators, molecular switches, etc. In this context, we report a general method for synthesizing o-aminoazobenzenes using the commercially available cobalt(II) tetraphenyl porphyrin [CoII(TPP)]. The net reaction is a formal dimerization of two phenyl azides with concomitant loss of two molecules of dinitrogen. The most commonly used methodology to synthesize azobenzenes is based on the initial diazotization of an aromatic primary amine at low temperatures, which then reacts with an electron rich aromatic nucleophile. As such, this limits the synthesis of azobenzenes with an amine functionality. In contrast, the method we report here relies heavily on the o-amine moiety and retains it in the product. The reaction is metal catalyzed and proceeds through a porphyrin Co(III)-nitrene radical intermediate, which is known to form on activation of organic azides at the cobalt center. The synthesized o-aminoazobenzenes are bathochromatically shifted, as compared to azobenzenes without amine substituents. Based on the crystal structure of one of the products, strong H-bonding between the N-atom of the azo functionality and the H of the NH2 substituent is shown to stabilize the trans isomeric form of the product. The NH2 substituents offers possibilities for further functionalization of the synthesized azo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Goswami
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Powers IG, Andjaba JM, Luo X, Mei J, Uyeda C. Catalytic Azoarene Synthesis from Aryl Azides Enabled by a Dinuclear Ni Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4110-4118. [PMID: 29488760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian G. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John M. Andjaba
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xuyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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29
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Ryan DE, Cardin DJ, Hartl F. η3-Allyl carbonyl complexes of group 6 metals: Structural aspects, isomerism, dynamic behaviour and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The azide moiety is a desirable functionality in organic molecules, useful in a variety of transformations such as olefin aziridination, C-H bond amination, isocyanate synthesis, the Staudinger reaction and the formation of azo compounds. To harness the versatility of the azide functionality fully it is important that these compounds be easy to prepare, in a clean and cost-effective manner. Conventional (non-catalysed) methods to synthesise azides generally require quite harsh reaction conditions that are often not tolerant of functional groups. In the last decade, several metal-catalysed azidations have been developed in attempts to circumvent this problem. These methods are generally faster, cleaner and more functional-group-tolerant than conventional methods to prepare azides, and can sometimes even be conveniently combined with one-pot follow-up transformations of the installed azide moiety. This review highlights metal-catalysed approaches to azide synthesis, with a focus on the substrate scopes and mechanisms, as well as on advantages and disadvantages of the methods. Overall, metal-catalysed azidation reactions provide shorter routes to a variety of potentially useful organic molecules containing the azide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Goswami
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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31
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Ji P, Manna K, Lin Z, Urban A, Greene FX, Lan G, Lin W. Single-Site Cobalt Catalysts at New Zr8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4 Metal-Organic Framework Nodes for Highly Active Hydrogenation of Alkenes, Imines, Carbonyls, and Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12234-42. [PMID: 27598720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of robust and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), M-MTBC (M = Zr or Hf), constructed from the tetrahedral linker methane-tetrakis(p-biphenylcarboxylate) (MTBC) and two types of secondary building units (SBUs): cubic M8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4 and octahedral M6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4. While the M6-SBU is isostructural with the 12-connected octahedral SBUs of UiO-type MOFs, the M8-SBU is composed of eight M(IV) ions in a cubic fashion linked by eight μ2-oxo and four μ2-OH groups. The metalation of Zr-MTBC SBUs with CoCl2, followed by treatment with NaBEt3H, afforded highly active and reusable solid Zr-MTBC-CoH catalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes, imines, carbonyls, and heterocycles. Zr-MTBC-CoH was impressively tolerant of a range of functional groups and displayed high activity in the hydrogenation of tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes with TON > 8000 for the hydrogenation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. Our structural and spectroscopic studies show that site isolation of and open environments around the cobalt-hydride catalytic species at Zr8-SBUs are responsible for high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of a wide range of challenging substrates. MOFs thus provide a novel platform for discovering and studying new single-site base-metal solid catalysts with enormous potential for sustainable chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kuntal Manna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zekai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ania Urban
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Francis X Greene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangxu Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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32
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Spasyuk DM, Carpenter SH, Kefalidis CE, Piers WE, Neidig ML, Maron L. Facile hydrogen atom transfer to iron(iii) imido radical complexes supported by a dianionic pentadentate ligand. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5939-5944. [PMID: 30034736 PMCID: PMC6024611 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile hydrogen atom transfer from toluene.
A dianionic tetrapodal pentadentate diborate ligand is introduced. This ligand forms a high spin neutral iron(ii) complex that reacts with a variety of organoazides to yield transient Fe(iii) imido radicals that are extremely potent hydrogen atom abstractors. The nature of these species is supported by full characterization of the Fe(iii) amido products, kinetic studies, density functional computations and Mössbauer spectroscopy on the –C6H4-p-tBu substituted derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M Spasyuk
- University of Calgary , Department of Chemistry , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta , Canada T2N 1N4 .
| | - Stephanie H Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO , Université de Toulouse , INSA , UPS , CNRS , 135 avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Warren E Piers
- University of Calgary , Department of Chemistry , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta , Canada T2N 1N4 .
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO , Université de Toulouse , INSA , UPS , CNRS , 135 avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
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Diccianni JB, Hu C, Diao T. N−N Bond Forming Reductive Elimination via a Mixed‐Valent Nickel(II)–Nickel(III) Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7534-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Diccianni
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square E. New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square E. New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square E. New York NY 10003 USA
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Diccianni JB, Hu C, Diao T. N−N Bond Forming Reductive Elimination via a Mixed‐Valent Nickel(II)–Nickel(III) Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Diccianni
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square E. New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square E. New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square E. New York NY 10003 USA
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Bellow JA, Stoian SA, van Tol J, Ozarowski A, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Stable High-Valent Cobalt Carbene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5531-4. [PMID: 27077402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formally Co(IV) carbene Co(OR)2(═CPh2) is formed upon the reaction of diphenyldiazomethane with the cobalt bis(alkoxide) precursor Co(OR)2(THF)2. Structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies demonstrate that Co(OR)2(═CPh2) has significant high-valent Co(IV)═CPh2 character with non-negligible spin density on the carbene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bellow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Johan van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University , Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Goswami M, Rebreyend C, de Bruin B. Porphyrin Cobalt(III) "Nitrene Radical" Reactivity; Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Ortho-YH Substituents to the Nitrene Moiety of Cobalt-Bound Aryl Nitrene Intermediates (Y = O, NH). Molecules 2016; 21:242. [PMID: 26907236 PMCID: PMC6274064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of cobalt(II) porphyrin-catalyzed metallo-radical reactions, organic azides have emerged as successful nitrene transfer reagents. In the pursuit of employing ortho-YH substituted (Y = O, NH) aryl azides in Co(II) porphyrin-catalyzed nitrene transfer reactions, unexpected hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the OH or NH2 group in the ortho-position to the nitrene moiety of the key radical-intermediate was observed. This leads to formation of reactive ortho-iminoquinonoid (Y = O) and phenylene diimine (Y = NH) species. These intermediates convert to subsequent products in non-catalyzed reactions, as is typical for these free organic compounds. As such, the observed reactions prevent the anticipated cobalt-mediated catalytic radical-type coupling of the nitrene radical intermediates to alkynes or alkenes. Nonetheless, the observed reactions provide valuable insights into the reactivity of transition metal nitrene-radical intermediates, and give access to ortho-iminoquinonoid and phenylene diimine intermediates from ortho-YH substituted aryl azides in a catalytic manner. The latter can be employed as intermediates in one-pot catalytic transformations. From the ortho-hydroxy aryl azide substrates both phenoxizinones and benzoxazines could be synthesized in high yields. From the ortho-amino aryl azide substrates azabenzene compounds were obtained as the main products. Computational studies support these observations, and reveal that HAT from the neighboring OH and NH2 moiety to the nitrene radical moiety has a low energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Goswami
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Christophe Rebreyend
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bellow JA, Yousif M, Groysman S. Discrete Complexes of 3d Metals with Monodentate Bulky Alkoxide Ligands and Their Reactivity in Bond Activation and Bond Formation Reactions. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2015.1108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bellow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Yousif M, Cabelof AC, Martin PD, Lord RL, Groysman S. Synthesis of a mononuclear, non-square-planar chromium(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex and its reactivity toward organic carbonyls and CO2. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9794-804. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare non-square-planar mononuclear Cr(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex Cr(OR′)2(THF)2 is reported and its reactivity with organic carbonyls and CO2 is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Alyssa C. Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale
- USA
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Yousif M, Tjapkes DJ, Lord RL, Groysman S. Catalytic Formation of Asymmetric Carbodiimides at Mononuclear Chromium(II/IV) Bis(alkoxide) Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousif
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Daniel J. Tjapkes
- Department
of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department
of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Heins SP, Morris WD, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB, Cundari TR. Nitrene Insertion into CC and CH Bonds of Diamide Diimine Ligands Ligated to Chromium and Iron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Heins SP, Morris WD, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB, Cundari TR. Nitrene Insertion into CC and CH Bonds of Diamide Diimine Ligands Ligated to Chromium and Iron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14407-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P. Heins
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 (USA)
| | - Wesley D. Morris
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 (USA)
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 (USA)
| | - Emil B. Lobkovsky
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 (USA)
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Box 305070, Denton, TX 76203‐5070 (USA)
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Bellow JA, Yousif M, Fang D, Kratz EG, Cisneros GA, Groysman S. Synthesis and Reactions of 3d Metal Complexes with the Bulky Alkoxide Ligand [OCtBu2Ph]. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5624-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bellow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Maryam Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Dong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric G. Kratz
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - G. Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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