1
|
Roglans A, Pla-Quintana A, Solà M. Mechanistic Studies of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1894-1979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roglans
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakata K, Shimada S, Takeuchi R. Regioselectivity in the Iridium-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Unsymmetrical α,ω-Diynes with Nitrile: A DFT Study. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed alkyne [2+2+2] cycloadditions provide a variety of substantial aromatic compounds of interest in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, the mechanistic aspects of the acetylene [2+2+2] cycloaddition mediated by bimetallic half-sandwich catalysts [Cr(CO)3IndRh] (Ind = (C9H7)−, indenyl anion) are investigated. A detailed exploration of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) was carried out to identify the intermediates and transition states, using a relativistic density functional theory (DFT) approach. For comparison, monometallic parent systems, i.e., CpRh (Cp = (C5H5)−, cyclopentadienyl anion) and IndRh, were included in the analysis. The active center is the rhodium nucleus, where the [2+2+2] cycloaddition occurs. The coordination of the Cr(CO)3 group, which may be in syn or anti conformation, affects the energetics of the catalytic cycle as well as the mechanism. The reaction and activation energies and the turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalytic cycles are rationalized, and, in agreement with the experimental findings, our computational analysis reveals that the presence of the second metal favors the catalysis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Torres Ò, Fernàndez M, Díaz-Jiménez À, Pla-Quintana A, Roglans A, Solà M. Examining the Factors That Govern the Regioselectivity in Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Torres
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Fernàndez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Àlex Díaz-Jiménez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dalla Tiezza M, Bickelhaupt FM, Orian L. Half-Sandwich Metal-Catalyzed Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloadditions and the Slippage Span Model. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:143-154. [PMID: 30740289 PMCID: PMC6356173 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Half-sandwich RhI compounds display good catalytic activity toward alkyne [2+2+2] cycloadditions. A peculiar structural feature of these catalysts is the coordination of the metal to an aromatic moiety, typically a cyclopentadienyl anion, and, in particular, the possibility to change the bonding mode easily by the metal slipping over this aromatic moiety. Upon modifying the ancillary ligands, or proceeding along the catalytic cycle, hapticity changes can be observed; it varies from η5, if the five metal-carbon distances are identical, through η3+η2, in the presence of allylic distortion, and η3, in the case of allylic coordination, to η1, if a σ metal-carbon bond forms. In this study, we present the slippage span model, derived with the aim of establishing a relationship between slippage variation during the catalytic cycle, quantified in a novel and rigorous way, and the performance of catalysts in terms of turnover frequency, computed with the energy span model. By collecting and comparing new data and data from the literature, we find that the highest performance is associated with the smallest slippage variation along the cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 135129PadovaItaly
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan1083, 1081HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 135129PadovaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Highly regioselective cobalt-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of fluorine-containing internal alkynes to construct various fluoroalkylated benzene derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
7
|
Dalla Tiezza M, Bickelhaupt FM, Orian L. Group 9 Metallacyclopentadienes as Key Intermediates in [2+2+2] Alkyne Cyclotrimerizations. Insight from Activation Strain Analyses. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1766-1773. [PMID: 29635782 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular oxidative coupling converting a bis-acetylene complex of formula CpM (C2 H2 )2 (Cp=C5 H5- ; M=Co, Rh, Ir) into a 16-electron metallacycle is studied in silico. This reaction is paradigmatic in acetylene [2+2+2] cycloaddition to benzene catalyzed by CpM fragments, being the step with the highest activation energy, and thus affecting the whole catalysis. Our activation strain and quantitative molecular orbital (MO) analyses elucidate the mechanistic details and reveal why cobalt performs better than rhodium and iridium catalysts outlining general principles for rational design of catalysts to be used in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, J Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35129, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Expeditious Preparation of Open-Cage Fullerenes by Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Diynes and C60
: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:10653-10661. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Remya PR, Suresh CH. Grubbs and Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts for pyridine derivative synthesis: Probing the mechanistic pathways using DFT. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
10
|
Remya PR, Suresh CH. Mechanistic studies on acetylene cyclotrimerization catalyzed by Grubbs first and second generation catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Artigas A, Lledó A, Pla-Quintana A, Roglans A, Solà M. A Computational Study of the Intermolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Acetylene and C 60 Catalyzed by Wilkinson's Catalyst. Chemistry 2017; 23:15067-15072. [PMID: 28727187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of fullerenes helps to modulate their electronic and physicochemical properties, generating fullerene derivatives with promising features for practical applications. Herein, DFT is used to explore the attachment of a cyclohexadiene ring to C60 through a rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of C60 and acetylene. All potential reaction paths are analyzed and it can be concluded that the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of C60 and two acetylene molecules catalyzed by [RhCl(PPh3 )3 ], yielding a cyclohexadiene ring fused to a [6,6] bond of C60 , is energetically feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Artigas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledó
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang T, Ehara M. Computational Studies on Reaction Mechanism and Origins of Selectivities in Nickel-Catalyzed (2 + 2 + 2) Cycloadditions and Alkenylative Cyclizations of 1,6-Ene-Allenes and Alkenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2150-2159. [PMID: 28094968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism and origins of ligand-controlled selectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity of Ni-catalyzed (2 + 2 + 2) cycloadditions and alkenylative cyclizations of 1,6-ene-allenes and alkenes were studied by using density functional theory. The catalytic cycle involves intermolecular oxidative coupling and an intramolecular concerted 1,4-addition step to afford a stable metallacycloheptane intermediate; these steps determine both the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Subsequent C-C reductive elimination leads to the cyclohexane product, whereas the β-hydride elimination leads to the trans-diene product. The selectivity between (2 + 2 + 2) cycloadditions and alkenylative cyclizations is controlled by the ligand. Irrespective of the nature of the terminal substituents on the ene-allene and alkene, the P(o-tol)3 ligand always favors the C-C reductive elimination, resulting in the cyclohexane product. On the other hand, the flexibility of the PBu3 ligand means that electronic and steric factors play important roles. Electron-withdrawing groups such as CO2Me in the ene-allene terminal substituent induce obvious substrate-ligand repulsion and destabilize the C-C reductive elimination, giving rise to the trans-diene product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Institute for Molecular Science and Research Center for Computational Science, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science and Research Center for Computational Science, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bottari G, Santos LL, Posadas CM, Campos J, Mereiter K, Paneque M. Reaction of [TpRh(C2 H4 )2 ] with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate: Identification of Intermediates of the [2+2+2] Alkyne and Alkyne-Ethylene Cyclo(co)trimerizations. Chemistry 2016; 22:13715-23. [PMID: 27535720 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between the bis(ethylene) complex [TpRh(C2 H4 )2 ], 1, (Tp=hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate), and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) has been studied under different experimental conditions. A mixture of products was formed, in which TpRh(I) species were prevalent, whereas the presence of trapping agents, like water or acetonitrile, allowed for the stabilization and isolation of octahedral TpRh(III) compounds. An excess of DMAD gave rise to a small amount of the [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization product hexamethyl mellitate (6). Although no catalytic application of 1 was achieved, mechanistic insights shed light on the formation of stable rhodium species representing the resting state of the catalytic cycle of rhodium-mediated [2+2+2] cyclo(co)trimerization reactions. Metallacyclopentene intermediate species, generated from the activation of one alkyne and one ethylene molecule from 1, and metallacyclopentadiene species, formed by oxidative coupling of two alkynes to the rhodium centre, are crucial steps in the pathways leading to the final organometallic and organic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura L Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Cristina M Posadas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schäfer M, Beattie NA, Geetharani K, Schäfer J, Ewing WC, Krahfuß M, Hörl C, Dewhurst RD, Macgregor SA, Lambert C, Braunschweig H. Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4-Azaborinines by the Cyclization of Di-tert-butyliminoborane and Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8212-20. [PMID: 27286231 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Di-tert-butyliminoborane is found to be a very useful synthon for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized 1,4-azaborinines by the Rh-mediated cyclization of iminoboranes with alkynes. The reactions proceed via [2 + 2] cycloaddition of iminoboranes and alkynes in the presence of [RhCl(PiPr3)2]2, which gives a rhodium η(4)-1,2-azaborete complex that yields 1,4-azaborinines upon reaction with acetylene. This reaction is compatible with substrates containing more than one alkynyl unit, cleanly affording compounds containing multiple 1,4-azaborinines. The substitution of terminal alkynes for acetylene also led to 1,4-azaborinines, enabling ring substitution at a predetermined location. We report the first general synthesis of this new methodology, which provides highly regioselective access to valuable 1,4-azaborinines in moderate yields. A mechanistic rationale for this reaction is supported by DFT calculations, which show the observed regioselectivity to arise from steric effects in the B-C bond coupling en route to the rhodium η(4)-1,2-azaborete complex and the selective oxidative cleavage of the B-N bond of the 1,2-azaborete ligand in its subsequent reaction with acetylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schäfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Beattie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - K Geetharani
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schäfer
- Insitute für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - William C Ewing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Krahfuß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hörl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Insitute für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dahy AA, Koga N. Trimerization of Acetylene Catalyzed by Ir(PH2CH2CH2PH2)Cl(cod): A Computational Study. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AbdelRahman A. Dahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University
| | - Nobuaki Koga
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pettinari C, Pettinari R, Marchetti F. Golden Jubilee for Scorpionates. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|