1
|
Fang W, Li Y, Zhang T, Rajeshkumar T, Del Rosal I, Zhao Y, Wang T, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Oxidative Addition of E-H (E=C, N) Bonds to Transient Uranium(II) Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407339. [PMID: 38714494 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-electron oxidative addition is one of the most important elementary reactions for d-block transition metals but it is uncommon for f-block elements. Here, we report the first examples of intermolecular oxidative addition of E-H (E=C, N) bonds to uranium(II) centers. The transient U(II) species was formed in-situ by reducing a heterometallic cluster featuring U(IV)-Pd(0) bonds with potassium-graphite (KC8). Oxidative addition of C-H or N-H bonds to the U(II) centers was observed when this transient U(II) species was treated with benzene, carbazole or 1-adamantylamine, respectively. The U(II) centers could also react with tetracene, biphenylene or N2O, leading to the formation of arene reduced U(IV) products and uranyl(VI) species via two- or four-electron processes. This study demonstrates that the intermolecular two-electron oxidative addition reactions are viable for actinide elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liddle ST. Progress in Nonaqueous Molecular Uranium Chemistry: Where to Next? Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9366-9384. [PMID: 38739898 PMCID: PMC11134516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is long-standing interest in nonaqueous uranium chemistry because of fundamental questions about uranium's variable chemical bonding and the similarities of this pseudo-Group 6 element to its congener d-block elements molybdenum and tungsten. To provide historical context, with reference to a conference presentation slide presented around 1988 that advanced a defining collection of top targets, and the challenge, for synthetic actinide chemistry to realize in isolable complexes under normal experimental conditions, this Viewpoint surveys progress against those targets, including (i) CO and related π-acid ligand complexes, (ii) alkylidenes, carbynes, and carbidos, (iii) imidos and terminal nitrides, (iv) homoleptic polyalkyls, -alkoxides, and -aryloxides, (v) uranium-uranium bonds, and (vi) examples of topics that can be regarded as branching out in parallel from the leading targets. Having summarized advances from the past four decades, opportunities to build on that progress, and hence possible future directions for the field, are highlighted. The wealth and diversity of uranium chemistry that is described emphasizes the importance of ligand-metal complementarity in developing exciting new chemistry that builds our knowledge and understanding of elements in a relativistic regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Wan S, Zhou J, Fu H, Chen X. Formation and Structure of Gas-Phase Lanthanide(III) Cyanobenzyne Complex (η 2-4-CNC 6H 3)LnCl 2-, Obtained via Both the Single- and Dual-Ligand Strategies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:767-774. [PMID: 38431873 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The lanthanide(III) cyanobenzyne complexes (η2-4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- (Ln = La-Lu except Eu; Pm was not examined) were generated in the gas phase using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) technique. For all lanthanides except Sm, Eu, and Yb, (4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- can be generated either via a single-ligand strategy through consecutive CO2 and HCl losses of (4-CNC6H4CO2)LnCl3- or via a dual-ligand strategy through successive CO2/C6H5CN or 4-CNC6H4CO2H and CO2 losses of (4-CNC6H4CO2)2LnCl2-. For Sm and Yb, although only reduction products LnCl3- were formed upon CID of (4-CNC6H4CO2)LnCl3-, (4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- were obtained via the dual-ligand strategy without the appearances of other products. CID of (4-CNC6H4CO2)EuCl3- and (4-CNC6H4CO2)2EuCl2- gave EuCl3- and the cyanophenyl complex (4-CNC6H4)EuCl2-, respectively, in both of which the +III oxidation state of Eu was reduced to +II. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that (4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- are formally described as Ln(III) cyanobenzyne complexes, (η2-4-CNC6H3)LnCl2-, with the dianionic cyanobenzyne ligand (4-CNC6H32-) coordinating to the Ln(III) centers through two Ln-C σ bonds, which is in accordance with their reactivities toward water. Benzyne and substituted benzyne complexes (XC6H3)LuCl2- (X = H, 3-CN, 4-F, 4-Cl, and 4-CH3) were also synthesized in the gas phase via the single- and dual-ligand strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songpeng Wan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhao Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Haiying Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiong Z, Yang M, Chen X, Gong Y. Dual-Ligand Strategy for the Preparation of Gas-Phase Uranyl(VI) Benzyne Complexes from Uranyl(VI) Benzoates. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2266-2272. [PMID: 36689614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The uranyl(VI) benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)UO2Cl- was prepared in the gas phase by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with collision-induced dissociation. It was formed via a dual-ligand strategy that requires the elimination of benzoic acid or benzene/CO2 from the uranyl dibenzoate precursor (C6H5CO2)2UO2Cl-. This contrasts the known strategy for the formation of gas-phase benzyne complexes that would result from CO2/HCl elimination from (C6H5CO2)UO2Cl2-, during which only one benzoate ligand is involved. Such dual-ligand strategy can be extended to the preparation of a series of methyl- and halo-substituted benzyne complexes of uranyl(VI). Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP level reveal that the benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)UO2Cl- features a metallacyclopropene structure with the C6H42- ligand coordinated to uranium(VI) through two polarized U-Cbenzyne σ bonds, in accordance with the reactivity test toward water. Dehydrochlorination of the benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)UO2Cl- from (C6H5)UO2Cl2- that originates from decarboxylation of (C6H5CO2)UO2Cl2- with a single benzoate ligand is neither kinetically nor thermodynamically favorable than simple C6H5 radical loss to give UVO2Cl2-. This arises from the presence of an accessible V oxidation state for uranium and accounts for the necessity for the dual-ligand strategy in the preparation of uranyl(VI) benzyne complexes from uranyl benzoate precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xiong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Meixian Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen X, Xiong Z, Yang M, Gong Y. Gas-phase synthesis and structure of thorium benzyne complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7018-7021. [PMID: 35638532 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02057b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thorium benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)ThCl3- was synthesized in the gas phase through consecutive decarboxylation and dehydrochlorination from the (C6H5CO2)ThCl4- precursor upon collision-induced dissociation. Theoretical calculations suggest that (η2-C6H4)ThCl3- exhibits a metallacyclopropene structure with two polarized Th-Cbenzyne σ bonds. This procedure can be generally extended to the synthesis of a wide range of gas-phase thorium benzyne complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Zhixin Xiong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixian Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ordoñez O, Yu X, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. Homoleptic Perchlorophenyl "Ate" Complexes of Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12436-12444. [PMID: 34328317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of AnCl4(DME)n (An = Th, n = 2; U, n = 0) with 5 equiv of LiC6Cl5 in Et2O resulted in the formation of homoleptic actinide-aryl "ate" complexes [Li(DME)2(Et2O)]2[Li(DME)2][Th(C6Cl5)5]3 ([Li][1]) and [Li(Et2O)4][U(C6Cl5)5] ([Li][2]). Similarly, the reaction of AnCl4(DME)n (An = Th, n = 2; U, n = 0) with 3 equiv of LiC6Cl5 in Et2O resulted in the formation of heteroleptic actinide-aryl "ate" complexes [Li(DME)2(Et2O)][Li(Et2O)2][ThCl3(C6Cl5)3] ([Li][3]) and [Li(Et2O)3][UCl2(C6Cl5)3] ([Li][4]). Density functional calculations show that the An-Cipso σ-bonds are considerably more covalent for the uranium complexes vs the thorium analogues, in line with past results. Additionally, good agreement between experiment and calculations is obtained for the 13Cipso NMR chemical shifts in [Li][1] and [Li][3]. The calculations demonstrate a deshielding by ca. 29 ppm from spin-orbit coupling effects originating at Th, which is a direct consequence of 5f orbital participation in the Th-C bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Ordoñez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ordoñez O, Yu X, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. Synthesis and Characterization of Two Uranyl-Aryl "Ate" Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:5885-5889. [PMID: 33270947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [UO2 Cl2 (THF)3 ] with 3 equivalents of LiC6 Cl5 in Et2 O resulted in the formation of first uranyl aryl complex [Li(Et2 O)2 (THF)][UO2 (C6 Cl5 )3 ] ([Li][1]) in good yields. Subsequent dissolution of [Li][1] in THF resulted in conversion into [Li(THF)4 ][UO2 (C6 Cl5 )3 (THF)] ([Li][2]), also in good yields. DFT calculations reveal that the U-C bonds in [Li][1] and [Li][2] exhibit appreciable covalency. Additionally, the 13 C NMR chemical shifts for their Cipso environments are strongly affected by spin-orbit coupling-a consequence of 5f orbital participation in the U-C bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Ordoñez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Behrle AC, Myers AJ, Rungthanaphatsophon P, Lukens WW, Barnes CL, Walensky JR. Uranium(iii) and thorium(iv) alkyl complexes as potential starting materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:14373-14375. [PMID: 27847956 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a rare U(iii) alkyl complex, U[η4-Me2NC(H)C6H5]3, using the dimethylbenzylamine (DMBA) ligand has been accomplished. While attempting to prepare the U(iv) compound, reduction to the U(iii) complex occurred. In the analogous Th(iv) system, C-H bond activation of a methyl group of one dimethylamine was observed yielding Th[η4-Me2NC(H)C6H5]2[η5-(CH2)MeNC(H)C6H5] with a dianionic DMBA ligand. The utility of these complexes as starting materials has been analyzed using a bulky dithiocarboxylate ligand to yield tetravalent actinide species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Behrle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Alexander J Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | | | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Charles L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Arnold PL, Turner ZR. Carbon oxygenate transformations by actinide compounds and catalysts. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Boreen MA, Parker BF, Lohrey TD, Arnold J. A Homoleptic Uranium(III) Tris(aryl) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15865-15868. [PMID: 27960342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 3 equiv of Li-C6H3-2,6-(C6H4-4-tBu)2 (Terph-Li) with UI3(1,4-dioxane)1.5 led to the formation of the homoleptic uranium(III) tris(aryl) complex (Terph)3U (1). The U-C bonds are reactive: treatment with excess iPrN═C═NiPr yielded the double-insertion product [TerphC(NiPr)2]2U(Terph) (2). Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography, which showed that the U-C bond length in 2 (2.624(4) Å) is ∼0.1 Å longer than the average U-C bond length in 1 (2.522(2) Å). Thermal decomposition of 1 yielded Terph-H as the only identifiable product; the process is unimolecular with activation parameters ΔH⧧ = 21.5 ± 0.3 kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = -7.5 ± 0.8 cal·mol-1 K-1, consistent with intramolecular proton abstraction. The protonolysis chemistry of 1 was also explored, which led to the uranium(IV) alkoxide complex U(OCPh3)4(DME) (3·DME).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bernard F Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|