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Tomasini M, Voccia M, Caporaso L, Szostak M, Poater A. Tuning the steric hindrance of alkylamines: a predictive model of steric editing of planar amines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13405-13414. [PMID: 39183899 PMCID: PMC11339794 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03873h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amines are one of the most prevalent functional groups in chemistry. Perhaps even more importantly, amines represent one of the most ubiquitous moieties within the realm of bioactive natural products and life-saving pharmaceuticals. The archetypal geometrical property of amines is their sp3 hybridization with the lone pair of nitrogen occupying the apex of the pyramid. Herein, we present a blueprint for quantifying the properties of extremely sterically hindered alkylamines. These amines reach planarity around the nitrogen atom due to the excessive steric hindrance, which results in a conformational re-modeling of the amine moiety. Crucially, the steric properties of amines are characterized by the %V Bur index, which we show is a general predictive parameter for evaluating the properties of sterically hindered amines. Computational studies on the acidic nature and the reactivity of organometallic Au and Pd complexes are outlined. Density functional theory calculations permit for predictive catalysis, ordering the mapping of extremely hindered tertiary amines by employing artificial intelligence via machine learning. Overall, the study outlines the correlation between the unusual geometry and the key thermodynamic and kinetic properties of extremely hindered alkylamines. The steric hindrance, as quantified by %V Bur, is the crucial factor influencing the observed trends and the space required to accommodate sterically hindered tertiary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomasini
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Maria Voccia
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark New Jersey 07102 USA
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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Escayola S, Bahri-Laleh N, Poater A. % VBur index and steric maps: from predictive catalysis to machine learning. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:853-882. [PMID: 38113051 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Steric indices are parameters used in chemistry to describe the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in molecules. They are important in determining the reactivity, stability, and physical properties of chemical compounds. One commonly used steric index is the steric hindrance, which refers to the obstruction or hindrance of movement in a molecule caused by bulky substituents or functional groups. Steric hindrance can affect the reactivity of a molecule by altering the accessibility of its reactive sites and influencing the geometry of its transition states. Notably, the Tolman cone angle and %VBur are prominent among these indices. Actually, steric effects can also be described using the concept of steric bulk, which refers to the space occupied by a molecule or functional group. Steric bulk can affect the solubility, melting point, boiling point, and viscosity of a substance. Even though electronic indices are more widely used, they have certain drawbacks that might shift preferences towards others. They present a higher computational cost, and often, the weight of electronics in correlation with chemical properties, e.g. binding energies, falls short in comparison to %VBur. However, it is worth noting that this may be because the steric index inherently captures part of the electronic content. Overall, steric indices play an important role in understanding the behaviour of chemical compounds and can be used to predict their reactivity, stability, and physical properties. Predictive chemistry is an approach to chemical research that uses computational methods to anticipate the properties and behaviour of these compounds and reactions, facilitating the design of new compounds and reactivities. Within this domain, predictive catalysis specifically targets the prediction of the performance and behaviour of catalysts. Ultimately, the goal is to identify new catalysts with optimal properties, leading to chemical processes that are both more efficient and sustainable. In this framework, %VBur can be a key metric for deepening our understanding of catalysis, emphasizing predictive catalysis and sustainability. Those latter concepts are needed to direct our efforts toward identifying the optimal catalyst for any reaction, minimizing waste, and reducing experimental efforts while maximizing the efficacy of the computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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3
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Yu JW, Zhang CY, Chass GA, Zhang JX, Mu WH, Cao K. Pd-NHC catalysed regioselective activation of B(3,6)-H of o-carborane - a synergy between experiment and theory. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:10609-10620. [PMID: 37462420 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective B-H activation of o-carboranes is an effective way for constructing o-carborane derivatives, which have broad applications in medicine, catalysis and the wider chemical industry. However, the mechanistic basis for the observed selectivities remains unresolved. Herein, a series of density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to characterise the palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (Pd-NHC) catalysed regioselective B(3,6)-diarylation of o-carboranes. Computational results at the IDSCRF(ether)-LC-ωPBE/BS1 and IDSCRF(ether)-LC-ωPBE/BS2 levels showed that the reaction undergoes a Pd(0) → Pd(II) → Pd(0) oxidation/reduction cycle, with the regioselective B(3)-H activation being the rate-determining step (RDS) for the full reaction profile. The computed RDS free energy barrier of 24.3 kcal mol-1 agrees well with the 82% yield of B(3,6)-diphenyl-o-carborane in ether solution at 298 K after 24 hours of reaction. The Ag2CO3 additive was shown to play a crucial role in lowering the RDS free energy barrier and facilitating the reaction. Natural charge population (NPA) and molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) analyses successfully predicted the experimentally observed regioselectivities, with electronic effects being revealed to be the dominant contributors to product selectivity. Steric hindrance was also shown to impact the reaction rate, as revealed by experimental and computational characterisation studies of substituents and ligand effects. Furthermore, computational predictions aligned with the experimental findings that NHC ligands outperform the phosphine ones for this particular reaction. Overall, the observed trends reported in this work are expected to assist in the rational optimisation of the efficiency and regioselectivity of this and related reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China.
| | - Cai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Gregory A Chass
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China.
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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4
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Yang S, Yu X, Liu Y, Tomasini M, Caporaso L, Poater A, Cavallo L, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP, Szostak M. Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides by N-C Cleavage Mediated by Air-Stable, Well-Defined [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] Catalysts: Reaction Development, Scope, and Mechanism. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of amides by selective N-C acyl bond cleavage represents a powerful tool for constructing biaryl ketones from historically inert amide bonds. These amide bond activation reactions hinge upon efficient oxidative addition of the N-C acyl bond to Pd(0). However, in contrast to the well-researched activation of aryl halides by C(sp2)-X oxidative addition, very few studies on the mechanism of C(acyl)-N bond oxidative addition and catalyst effect have been reported. Herein, we report a study on [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] catalysts in amide N-C bond activation. These readily prepared, well-defined, air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)-NHC catalysts feature SMe2 (DMS = dimethylsulfide) or S(CH2CH2)2 (THT = tetrahydrothiophene) as ancillary ligands. The reaction development, kinetic studies, and reaction scope are presented. Extensive DFT studies were conducted to gain insight into the mechanism of C(acyl)-N bond oxidative addition and catalyst activation. We expect that [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] precatalysts featuring sulfides as well-defined, readily accessible ancillary ligands will find application in C(acyl)-X bond activation in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michele Tomasini
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano, 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano, 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano, 84084 SA, Italy
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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5
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P H, M V, Tomasini M, Poater A, Dey R. Transition metal-free synthesis of 2-aryl quinazolines via alcohol dehydrogenation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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6
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Yang S, Yu X, Poater A, Cavallo L, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP, Szostak M. Buchwald-Hartwig Amination and C-S/S-H Metathesis of Aryl Sulfides by Selective C-S Cleavage Mediated by Air- and Moisture-Stable [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl] 2 Precatalysts: Unified Mechanism for Activation of Inert C-S Bonds. Org Lett 2022; 24:9210-9215. [PMID: 36480689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and mechanistic study on the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and C-S/S-H metathesis of aryl sulfides by selective activation of C-S bonds mediated by well-defined, air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts, [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl]2. This class of Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts displays excellent activity in the cross coupling of aryl sulfides. Most crucially, we unravel the unified mechanism for activation of C-S bonds in the C-N cross-coupling and C-S metathesis manifolds, where the inert C-S bond serves as a precursor to valuable amine or thioether products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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7
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Othmani A, Kadier A, Singh R, Igwegbe CA, Bouzid M, Aquatar MO, Khanday WA, Bote ME, Damiri F, Gökkuş Ö, Sher F. A comprehensive review on green perspectives of electrocoagulation integrated with advanced processes for effective pollutants removal from water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114294. [PMID: 36113573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly expanding global energy demand is forcing a release of regulated pollutants into water that is threatening human health. Among various wastewater remediating processes, electrocoagulation (EC) has scored a monumental success over conventional processes because it combines coagulation, sedimentation, floatation and electrochemical oxidation processes that can effectively decimate numerous stubborn pollutants. The EC processes have gained some attention through various academic and industrial publications, however critical evaluation of EC processes, choices of EC processes for various pollutants, process parameters, mechanisms, commercial EC technologies and performance enhancement via other degradation processes (DPs) integration have not been comprehensively covered to date. Therefore, the major objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of 20 years of literature covering EC fundamentals, key process factors for a reactor design, process implementation, current challenges and performance enhancement by coupling EC with pivotal pollutant DPs including, electro/photo-Fenton (E/P-F), photocatalysis, sono-chemical treatment, ozonation, indirect electrochemical/advanced oxidation (AO), and biosorption that have substantially reduced metals, pathogens, toxic compound BOD, COD, colors in wastewater. The results suggest that the optimum treatment time, current density, pulse frequency, shaking speed and spaced electrode improve the pollutants removal efficiency. An elegant process design can prevent electrode passivation which is a critical limitation of EC technology. EC coupling (up or downstream) with other DPs has resulted in the removal of organic pollutants and heavy metals with a 20% improved efficiency by EC-EF, removal of 85.5% suspended solid, 76.2% turbidity, 88.9% BOD, 79.7% COD and 93% color by EC-electroflotation, 100% decolorization by EC-electrochemical-AO, reduction of 78% COD, 81% BOD, 97% color by EC-ozonation and removal of 94% ammonia, 94% BOD, 95% turbidity, >98% phosphorus by aerated EC and peroxicoagulation. The major wastewater purification achievements, future potential and challenges are described to model the future EC integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Othmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Raghuveer Singh
- Research Division, James R. Randall Research Center, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company, Decatur, IL, 62521, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Bouzid
- Quantum and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Boulevard, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Md Osim Aquatar
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Waheed Ahmad Khanday
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, 192101, India
| | - Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, PoBox - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, 20000, Morocco
| | - Ömür Gökkuş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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8
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Krishnaraj C, Jena HS, Rawat KS, Schmidt J, Leus K, Van Speybroeck V, Van Der Voort P. Linker Engineering of 2D Imine Covalent Organic Frameworks for the Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50923-50931. [PMID: 36342965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of porous organic polymers that have been utilized as scaffolds for anchoring metal active species to act as heterogeneous catalysts. Though several examples of such COFs exist, a thorough experimental and computational analysis on such catalysts is limited. In this work, a series of two-dimensional (2D) imine COFs (TTA-DFB COF (N), TTA-TBD COF (N∧O), and TTA-DFP COF(N∧N)) were synthesized by using suitable building units to obtain three different coordination sites (N, N∧O, and N∧N). These were post-modified with Pd(II) to catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Pd@TTA-DFB COF, where Pd(II) was coordinated to N sites, showed the fastest reactivity and lower stability. Pd@TTA-DFP COF showed highest stability but slowest reactivity. Pd@TTA-TBD COF was the best among the three with both high stability and fast reactivity. By combining both experimental and computational results, we conclude that the Pd(II) to Pd(0) reduction is a key step in the difference between the catalytic reactivities of the three COFs. This study demonstrates the importance of the building block approach to design COFs for efficient heterogeneous catalysis and to understand the fate of the reaction profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidharth Krishnaraj
- COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Jena
- COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kuber Singh Rawat
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Leus
- COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Pan S, Gao C, Gui J, Hu B, Gai L, Qiao C, Liu C. Hierarchical TiO2 Microspheres Supported Ultrasmall Palladium Nanocrystals: a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Suzuki Reaction. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Zhu D, Zheng K, Qiao J, Xu H, Chen C, Zhang P, Shen C. One-step synthesis of PdCu@Ti 3C 2 with high catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3362-3369. [PMID: 36131714 PMCID: PMC9417861 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their enhanced catalytic stability and cyclability, two-dimensional (2D) material-supported Pd-based bimetallic alloys have promising applications for catalytic reactions. Furthermore, the alloying strategy can effectively reduce costs and improve catalytic performance. In this paper, we report a one-step reduction method to synthesize a novel heterogeneous catalyst, PdCu@Ti3C2, with good catalytic performance. The composition and structure of the as-prepared catalyst were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalyst particles, which were identified as a PdCu bimetallic alloy, exhibited good dispersion on the substrate. The performance of the catalyst in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction was studied, and the results showed that PdCu@Ti3C2 had excellent catalytic activity, similar to that of homogeneous Pd catalysts such as Pd(PPh3)4. Moreover, the prepared catalyst could be reused at least 10 times in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dancheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou 310015 China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou 310015 China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou 310015 China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou 310015 China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou 310015 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou 310015 China
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11
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Posada-Pérez S, Escayola S, Poater J, Solà M, Poater A. Ni(I)-TPA Stabilization by Hydrogen Bond formation on the Second Coordination Sphere: a DFT Characterization. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12585-12595. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni(I) compounds are less common than those of either Ni(0) or Ni(II). Recently, a series of Ni(I) tris(2 pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) complexes were synthetized through the reduction of Ni(II)-TPA complexes and...
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12
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Fang F, Kang JX, Xu CQ, Chang J, Zhang J, Li S, Chen X. Which Type of Pincer Complex Is Thermodynamically More Stable? Understanding the Structures and Relative Bond Strengths of Group 10 Metal Complexes Supported by Benzene-Based PYCYP Pincer Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18924-18937. [PMID: 34878759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the pincer platform composition and substitution on the reactivity and physical properties of pincer complexes can be easily explored through different experimental techniques. However, the influence of these factors on the molecular structures and thermodynamic stability of pincer complexes is usually very subtle and cannot always be unambiguously established. To rationalize this subtle influence, a survey of crystallographic data from 130 group 10 metal pincer complexes supported by benzene-based PYCYP pincer ligands, [2,6-(R2PY)2C6H3-nR'n]MX (Y = CH2, NH, O, S; M = Ni, Pd, Pt; R = tBu, iPr, Ph, Cy, Me; R' = CO2Me, tBu, CF3, Ac; n = 0-2; X = F, Cl, Br, I, H, SH, SPh, SBn, Ph, Me, N3, NCS), was carried out. Theoretical calculations for some selected complexes were performed to evaluate the relative bond strength. It was found that the M-Cipso bond length decreases following the linker series of CH2 > NH > O and that the relative M-Cipso bond strength increases following the linker series of CH2 < NH < O. In most cases, the M-P bond length decreases following the linker series of NH > CH2 > O. The relative M-P bond strength increases following the linker series of CH2 < NH < O. A comparison of the thermochemical balance for the isodesmic displacement of the side-arm interactions with PH3 as a probe ligand indicated that the Ni-P bond in a PCCCP-type pincer complex is far less difficult to break compared with that in a POCOP-type complex. As a result, with the same donor substituents and the same auxiliary ligand, the POCOP-type pincer complexes are thermodynamically more stable than the PCCCP complexes. The influence of other backbone and donor substitutions as well as the pincer platform composition on the M-Cipso, M-P, and M-X bond lengths, relative bond strengths, and P-M-P bite angles was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jia-Xin Kang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiarui Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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13
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Seo Y, Putro WS, Faried M, Lee VY, Mizusaki T, Takagi Y, Choe YK, Matsumoto K, Choi JC, Fukaya N. [Pd(4-RSi-IPr)(allyl)Cl]/KCO/EtOH: A highly effective catalytic system for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Yang C, Zhang L, Lu C, Zhou S, Li X, Li Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Yang J, Houk KN, Mo F, Guo X. Unveiling the full reaction path of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling in a single-molecule junction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1214-1223. [PMID: 34475558 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Conventional analytic techniques that measure ensemble averages and static disorder provide essential knowledge of the reaction mechanisms of organic and organometallic reactions. However, single-molecule junctions enable the in situ, label-free and non-destructive sensing of molecular reaction processes at the single-event level with an excellent temporal resolution. Here we deciphered the mechanism of Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling by means of a high-resolution single-molecule platform. Through molecular engineering, we covalently integrated a single molecule Pd catalyst into nanogapped graphene point electrodes. We detected sequential electrical signals that originated from oxidative addition/ligand exchange, pretransmetallation, transmetallation and reductive elimination in a periodic pattern. Our analysis shows that the transmetallation is the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle and clarifies the controversial transmetallation mechanism. Furthermore, we determined the kinetic and thermodynamic constants of each elementary step and the overall catalytic timescale of this Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Our work establishes the single-molecule platform as a detection technology for catalytic organochemistry that can monitor transition-metal-catalysed reactions in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuyao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
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15
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The direct C(sp2)-H functionalization and coupling of aromatic N-heterocycles with (hetero)aryl bromides by [PdX2(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(Py)] catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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D'Alterio MC, Casals-Cruañas È, Tzouras NV, Talarico G, Nolan SP, Poater A. Mechanistic Aspects of the Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2021; 27:13481-13493. [PMID: 34269488 PMCID: PMC8518397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The story of C-C bond formation includes several reactions, and surely Suzuki-Miyaura is among the most outstanding ones. Herein, a brief historical overview of insights regarding the reaction mechanism is provided. In particular, the formation of the catalytically active species is probably the main concern, thus the preactivation is in competition with, or even assumes the role of the rate determining step (rds) of the overall reaction. Computational chemistry is key in identifying the rds and thus leading to milder conditions on an experimental level by means of predictive catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo C D'Alterio
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli, Federico II Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Èric Casals-Cruañas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli, Federico II Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Palani V, Perea MA, Sarpong R. Site-Selective Cross-Coupling of Polyhalogenated Arenes and Heteroarenes with Identical Halogen Groups. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10126-10169. [PMID: 34402611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methods to functionalize arenes and heteroarenes in a site-selective manner are highly sought after for rapidly constructing value-added molecules of medicinal, agrochemical, and materials interest. One effective approach is the site-selective cross-coupling of polyhalogenated arenes bearing multiple, but identical, halogen groups. Such cross-coupling reactions have proven to be incredibly effective for site-selective functionalization. However, they also present formidable challenges due to the inherent similarities in the reactivities of the halogen substituents. In this Review, we discuss strategies for site-selective cross-couplings of polyhalogenated arenes and heteroarenes bearing identical halogens, beginning first with an overview of the reaction types that are more traditional in nature, such as electronically, sterically, and directing-group-controlled processes. Following these examples is a description of emerging strategies, which includes ligand- and additive/solvent-controlled reactions as well as photochemically initiated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Melecio A Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Escayola S, Poater J, Ramos M, Luque‐Urrutia JA, Duran J, Simon S, Solà M, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Poater A. Chelation enforcing a dual gold configuration in the catalytic hydroxyphenoxylation of alkynes. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Ramos
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
| | | | - Josep Duran
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
| | - Sílvia Simon
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
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19
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Yang S, Zhou T, Poater A, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Szostak M. Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Esters by Selective O-C(O) Cleavage Mediated by Air- and Moisture-Stable [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl] 2 Precatalysts: Catalyst Evaluation and Mechanism. Catal Sci Technol 2021; 11:3189-3197. [PMID: 34211698 PMCID: PMC8240519 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cross-coupling of aryl esters has emerged as a powerful platform for the functionalization of otherwise inert acyl C-O bonds in chemical synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we report a combined experimental and computational study on the acyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl esters mediated by well-defined, air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl]2. We present a comprehensive evaluation of [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl]2 precatalysts and compare them with the present state-of-the-art [(Pd(NHC)allyl] precatalysts bearing allyl-type throw-away ligands. Most importantly, the study reveals [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl]2 as the most reactive precatalysts discovered to date in this reactivity manifold. The unique synthetic utility of this unconventional O-C(O) cross-coupling is highlighted in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and sequential chemoselective cross-coupling, providing access to valuable ketone products by a catalytic mechanism involving Pd insertion into the aryl ester bond. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive study of the catalytic cycle by DFT methods. Considering the clear advantages of [Pd(NHC)(μ-Cl)Cl]2 precatalysts on several levels, including facile one-pot synthesis, superior atom-economic profile to all other Pd(II)-NHC catalysts, and versatile reactivity, these should be considered as the 'first-choice' catalysts for all routine applications in ester O-C(O) bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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20
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Pd on nitrogen rich polymer–halloysite nanocomposite as an environmentally benign and sustainable catalyst for hydrogenation of polyalfaolefin based lubricants. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Hanifpour A, Bahri‐Laleh N, Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi M, Poater A. 1‐Decene oligomerization by new complexes bearing diamine‐diphenolates ligands: Effect of ligand structure. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Hanifpour
- Polymerization Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Naeimeh Bahri‐Laleh
- Polymerization Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | | | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona c/M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona Catalonia E‐17003 Spain
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22
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Prima DO, Madiyeva M, Burykina JV, Minyaev ME, Boiko DA, Ananikov VP. Evidence for “cocktail”-type catalysis in Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. A mechanistic study. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01601f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the C–N cross-coupling reaction, catalyzed by Pd/NHC, was evaluated at the molecular and nanoscale levels. The first evidence for the involvement of a “cocktail”-type system in the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya O. Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Malena Madiyeva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Galushko AS, Prima DO, Burykina JV, Ananikov VP. Comparative study of aryl halides in Pd-mediated reactions: key factors beyond the oxidative addition step. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The comparative experimental study of Ar–X (X = Cl, Br, I) reactivity and analysis reported herein suggest that oxidative addition cannot be considered the sole reason of the observed low reactivity of aryl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Galushko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Darya O. Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
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24
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Çakır S, Kavukcu SB, Karabıyık H, Rethinam S, Türkmen H. C(acyl)–C(sp 2) and C(sp 2)–C(sp 2) Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions using nitrile-functionalized NHC palladium complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37684-37699. [PMID: 35498080 PMCID: PMC9043785 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium complexes has been successful for the modulation of C–C coupling reactions. For this purpose, a series of azolium salts (1a–f) including benzothiazolium, benzimidazolium, and imidazolium, bearing a CN-substituted benzyl moiety, and their (NHC)2PdBr2 (2a–c) and PEPPSI-type palladium (3b–f) complexes have been systematically prepared to catalyse acylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of acyl chlorides with arylboronic acids to form benzophenone derivatives in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base and to catalyse the traditional Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of bromobenzene with arylboronic acids to form biaryls. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of 3c, 3e and 3f prove the square planar geometry. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), metal mapping analyses and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to get further insights into the mechanism of the Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies have revealed that the stability and coordination of the complexes by the CN group are achieved by the removal of pyridine from the complex in catalytic cycles. The presence of the CN group in the (NHC)Pd complexes significantly increased the catalytic activities for both reactions. Nitrile-functionalized Pd(ii) complexes have evaluated for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The highest TON value was reached for the acylative Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of acyl chlorides with phenylboronic acids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Çakır
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Hande Karabıyık
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Art, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Senthil Rethinam
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
- School of Bio & Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, 600 199, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Hayati Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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25
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Ling M, Yuan J, Song Z, Gao J, Cao M, Xie H. Mechanism in palladium-catalyzed dearomative allylic reactions of benzyl phosphates with allyl borates: Insights from DFT calculations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Ahmadvand Z, Bayat M, Zolfigol MA. Toward prediction of the precatalyst activation mechanism through the cross-coupling reactions: Reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) in precatalyst of the type Pd-PEPPSI. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2296-2309. [PMID: 32757323 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pd-PEPPSI type complexes are widely used as precatalyst in a variety of organic reactions, including the Negishi, Kumada and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The aim of this research is to determine potential proposed reaction pathways 1, 2, or 2' (See Schemes 1 and S1-S4) for Pd-PEPPSI precatalyst activation in the presence of ethylene glycol as a solvent also in the gas phase at Cam-B3LYP-D3 method nominated among eight DFT methods examined. There is also investigation into the impact of promoter bases (NaOEt, NaOi Pr, NaOt Bu) on precatalyst activation of Pd-PEPPSI. Eventually, the most favorable proposed reaction pathway and promoter base for reducing Pd(II) to Pd(0) are predicted computationally. Notably, our findings are consistent with the organ Pd-PEPPSI type complexes that offer increased catalytic activity and provide basic information in the presence of solvents designing the monoligated Pd(0)-solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ahmadvand
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bayat
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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27
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Group IV diamine bis(phenolate) catalysts for 1-decene oligomerization. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Bhattacharya S, Ayass WW, Taffa DH, Nisar T, Balster T, Hartwig A, Wagner V, Wark M, Kortz U. Polyoxopalladate-Loaded Metal–Organic Framework (POP@MOF): Synthesis and Heterogeneous Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10512-10521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Bhattacharya
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wassim W. Ayass
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dereje H. Taffa
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Talha Nisar
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Torsten Balster
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartwig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Department 2 Biology/Chemistry, Leobener Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Veit Wagner
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Wark
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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29
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Chen M, Hsieh B, Liu Y, Wu K, Lussari N, Braga AA. N
,
N
′‐bridged binuclear NHC palladium complexes: A combined experimental catalytic and computational study for the Suzuki reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Tsz Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan
| | - Bing‐Yan Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hung Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan
| | - Kuo‐Hui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Natália Lussari
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo 05508‐000 Brazil
| | - Ataualpa A.C. Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo 05508‐000 Brazil
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30
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Escayola S, Solà M, Poater A. Mechanism of the Facile Nitrous Oxide Fixation by Homogeneous Ruthenium Hydride Pincer Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9374-9383. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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31
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Yang JJ, Xu Z, Nie YX, Lu SQ, Zhang J, Xu LW. Long-Distance Chirality Transfer from P-Ligand to Prochiral Dihydrosilanes via Pd(II) Aryl Iodide Complex in Pd-Catalyzed Silylation of Aryl Iodide: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14360-14368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xue Nie
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Si-Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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32
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Ma S, Zhou T, Li G, Szostak M. Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Amides using Well‐Defined, Air‐Stable [(PR
3
)
2
Pd(II)X
2
] Precatalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Ma
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark, NJ 07102 United States
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark, NJ 07102 United States
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark, NJ 07102 United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark, NJ 07102 United States
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33
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Three-phenyl transfer in palladium-catalyzed C C coupling reactions by triarylbismuths: A mechanistic study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Ren W, Jin M, Zuo QM, Yang SD. Allylation of β-amino phosphonic acid precursor via palladium-NHC catalyzed allylic C–H activation. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A Pd(ii)/N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed allylic C–H alkylation of allylbenzene with α-cyano-phosphate ester has been achieved under mild reaction conditions with the highest regioselectivity and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ming Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
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35
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Li G, Zhou T, Poater A, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Szostak M. Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling of amides (transamidation) by selective N–C(O) cleavage mediated by air- and moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] precatalysts: catalyst evaluation and mechanism. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and computational study of the Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling of amides by N–C(O) cleavage (transamidation) using well-defined, air- and moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | | | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- 23955-6900 Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
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36
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Kousik S, Velmathi S. Engineering Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts for C-C and C-X Coupling Reactions: Advances in Reticular Approaches from 2014-2018. Chemistry 2019; 25:16451-16505. [PMID: 31313373 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials that have been actively used for several industrial and synthetic applications. MOFs are spatially and geometrically extrapolated coordination polymers with intriguing properties such as tunable porosity and dimensionality. In terms of their catalytic efficiency, MOFs combine the easy recoverability of heterogeneous catalysts with the increased selectivity of biological catalysts. It is therefore not surprising that a lot of work on optimizing MOF catalysts for organic transformations has been carried out over the past decade. In this review, recent developments in MOF catalysis are summarized, with special attention being paid to C-C, C-N, and C-O coupling reactions. The influence of pore size, pore environment, and load on catalytic activity is described. Post-synthetic stabilization techniques and host-guest interactions in caged MOF scaffolds are detailed. Mechanistic aspects pertaining to the use of MOFs in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis are highlighted and categorized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Kousik
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India
| | - Sivan Velmathi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India
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37
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Shaughnessy KH. Development of Palladium Precatalysts that Efficiently Generate LPd(0) Active Species. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0336 USA
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38
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Zhou T, Li G, Nolan SP, Szostak M. [Pd(NHC)(acac)Cl]: Well-Defined, Air-Stable, and Readily Available Precatalysts for Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig Cross-coupling (Transamidation) of Amides and Esters by N-C/O-C Activation. Org Lett 2019; 21:3304-3309. [PMID: 30990697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general class of well-defined, air-stable, and readily available Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) for Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling of amides (transamidation) and esters by selective N-C/O-C cleavage is reported. Since these precatalysts are highly active and the easiest to synthesize, the study clearly suggests that [Pd(NHC)(acac)Cl] should be routinely included during the development of new cross-coupling methods. An assay for in situ screening of NHC salts in this cross-coupling manifold is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education , Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an 710021 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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39
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Trzeciak A, Augustyniak A. The role of palladium nanoparticles in catalytic C–C cross-coupling reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Yang J. Mixed N-heterocycles/N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) allyl complexes as precatalysts for direct arylation of azoles with aryl bromides. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Sharma AK, Sameera WMC, Takeda Y, Minakata S. Computational Study on the Mechanism and Origin of the Regioselectivity and Stereospecificity in Pd/SIPr-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Cross-Coupling of 2-Arylaziridines with Arylboronic Acids. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Sharma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishishiraki-cho, 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - W. M. C. Sameera
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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42
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Vogiatzis KD, Polynski MV, Kirkland JK, Townsend J, Hashemi A, Liu C, Pidko EA. Computational Approach to Molecular Catalysis by 3d Transition Metals: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2453-2523. [PMID: 30376310 PMCID: PMC6396130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry provides a versatile toolbox for studying mechanistic details of catalytic reactions and holds promise to deliver practical strategies to enable the rational in silico catalyst design. The versatile reactivity and nontrivial electronic structure effects, common for systems based on 3d transition metals, introduce additional complexity that may represent a particular challenge to the standard computational strategies. In this review, we discuss the challenges and capabilities of modern electronic structure methods for studying the reaction mechanisms promoted by 3d transition metal molecular catalysts. Particular focus will be placed on the ways of addressing the multiconfigurational problem in electronic structure calculations and the role of expert bias in the practical utilization of the available methods. The development of density functionals designed to address transition metals is also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the methods that account for solvation effects and the multicomponent nature of practical catalytic systems. This is followed by an overview of recent computational studies addressing the mechanistic complexity of catalytic processes by molecular catalysts based on 3d metals. Cases that involve noninnocent ligands, multicomponent reaction systems, metal-ligand and metal-metal cooperativity, as well as modeling complex catalytic systems such as metal-organic frameworks are presented. Conventionally, computational studies on catalytic mechanisms are heavily dependent on the chemical intuition and expert input of the researcher. Recent developments in advanced automated methods for reaction path analysis hold promise for eliminating such human-bias from computational catalysis studies. A brief overview of these approaches is presented in the final section of the review. The paper is closed with general concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin K. Kirkland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jacob Townsend
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chong Liu
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT
group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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43
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Bhattacharya S, Ayass WW, Taffa DH, Schneemann A, Semrau AL, Wannapaiboon S, Altmann PJ, Pöthig A, Nisar T, Balster T, Burtch NC, Wagner V, Fischer RA, Wark M, Kortz U. Discovery of Polyoxo-Noble-Metalate-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3385-3389. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Bhattacharya
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wassim W. Ayass
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dereje H. Taffa
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneemann
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Lisa Semrau
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Philipp J. Altmann
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Talha Nisar
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Torsten Balster
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nicholas C. Burtch
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Veit Wagner
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Wark
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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44
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Kostyukovich AY, Tsedilin AM, Sushchenko ED, Eremin DB, Kashin AS, Topchiy MA, Asachenko AF, Nechaev MS, Ananikov VP. In situ transformations of Pd/NHC complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands of different nature into colloidal Pd nanoparticles. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi01095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of Pd/NHC species undergoes R–NHC coupling reaction forming catalytically active NHC-free complexes and/or colloidal Pd nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey M. Tsedilin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | | | - Dmitry B. Eremin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kashin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Mikhail S. Nechaev
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
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45
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Bahri-Laleh N, Sadjadi S, Poater A. Pd immobilized on dendrimer decorated halloysite clay: Computational and experimental study on the effect of dendrimer generation, Pd valance and incorporation of terminal functionality on the catalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 531:421-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Gacal E, Denizaltı S, Kınal A, Gökçe AG, Türkmen H. Sterically hindered N-aryl/benzyl substituted piperidoimidazolin-2-ylidene palladium complexes and their catalytic activities. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Novel Magnetically-Recyclable, Nitrogen-Doped Fe3O4@Pd NPs for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling and Their Application in the Synthesis of Crizotinib. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel magnetically recyclable Fe3O4@Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were favorably synthesized by fixing palladium on the surface of nitrogen-doped magnetic nanocomposites. These catalysts were fully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl or heteroaryl halides (I, Br, Cl) with arylboronic acids. These as-prepared catalysts could be readily isolated from the reaction liquid by an external magnet and reused at least ten times with excellent yields achieved. In addition, using this protocol, the marketed drug crizotinib (anti-tumor) could be easily synthesized.
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48
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Jagadeesan R, Sabapathi G, Madhavan J, Venuvanalingam P. Structure and Reactivity of Pd Complexes in Various Oxidation States in Identical Ligand Environments with Reference to C-C and C-Cl Coupling Reactions: Insights from Density Functional Theory. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6833-6846. [PMID: 29873234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bonding and reactivity of [(RN4)Pd nCH3X]( n-2)+ complexes have been investigated at the M06/BS2//B3LYP/BS1 level. Feasible mechanisms for the unselective formation of ethane and methyl chloride from mono-methyl PdIII complexes and selective formation of ethane or methyl chloride from PdIV complexes are reported here. Density functional theory (DFT) results indicate that PdIV is more reactive than PdIII and Pd in different oxidation states that follow different mechanisms. PdIII complexes react in three steps: (i) conformational change, (ii) transmetalation, and (iii) reductive elimination. In the first step a five-coordinate PdIII intermediate is formed by the cleavage of one Pd-Nax bond, and in the second step one methyl group is transferred from the PdIII complex to the above intermediate via transmetalation, and subsequently a six-coordinate PdIV intermediate is formed by disproportion. In this step, transmetalation can occur on both singlet and triplet surfaces, and the singlet surface is lying lower. Transmetalation can also occur between the above intermediate and [(RN4)PdII(CH3)(CH3CN) ]+, but this not a feasible path. In the third step this PdIV intermediate undergoes reductive elimination of ethane and methyl chloride unselectively, and there are three possible routes for this step. Here axial-equatorial elimination is more facile than equatorial-equatorial elimination. PdIV complexes react in two steps, a conformational change followed by reductive elimination, selectively forming ethane or methyl chloride. Thus, PdIII complex reacts through a six-coordinate PdIV intermediate that has competing C-C and C-Cl bond formation, and PdIV complex reacts through a five-coordinate PdIV intermediate that has selective C-C and C-Cl bond formation. Free energy barriers indicate that iPr, in comparison to the methyl substituent in the RN4 ligand, activates the cleaving of the Pd-Nax bond through electronic and steric interactions. Overall, reductive elimination leading to C-C bond formation is easier than the formation of a C-Cl bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Jagadeesan
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , India
| | - Gopal Sabapathi
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , India
| | - Jaccob Madhavan
- Department of Chemistry , Loyola College , Chennai 600034 , India
| | - Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , India
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49
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Li G, Lei P, Szostak M, Casals‐Cruañas E, Poater A, Cavallo L, Nolan SP. Mechanistic Study of Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Amides Mediated by [Pd(NHC)(allyl)Cl] Precatalysts. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
| | - Eric Casals‐Cruañas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) 23955-6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S-3 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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50
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Gimferrer M, Minami Y, Noguchi Y, Hiyama T, Poater A. Monitoring of the Phosphine Role in the Mechanism of Palladium-Catalyzed Benzosilole Formation from Aryloxyethynyl Silanes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuta Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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