1
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Pierson CN, Hartwig JF. Mapping the mechanisms of oxidative addition in cross-coupling reactions catalysed by phosphine-ligated Ni(0). Nat Chem 2024; 16:930-937. [PMID: 38355826 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The complexes of first-row transition metals can undergo elementary reactions by multiple pathways due to their propensity to undergo both one- and two-electron redox steps. Classic and recent studies of the oxidative addition of aryl halides to Ni(0)-a common step in widely practised cross-coupling processes-have yielded contradictory conclusions about stepwise, radical versus concerted mechanisms, but such information is crucial to the design of catalysts based on earth-abundant metals. Here we show that the oxidative addition of aryl halides to Ni(0) ligated by monophosphines occurs by both mechanisms and delineate how the branching of radical and non-radical pathways depends on the electronic properties of both the ligand and reactant arene as well as the identity of the halide. The one-electron pathway occurs by outer-sphere electron transfer to form an aryl radical rather than the often-proposed halogen atom transfer.
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2
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Rubel CZ, Ravn AK, Ho HC, Yang S, Li ZQ, Engle KM, Vantourout JC. Stereodivergent, Kinetically Controlled Isomerization of Terminal Alkenes via Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320081. [PMID: 38494945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Because internal alkenes are more challenging synthetic targets than terminal alkenes, metal-catalyzed olefin mono-transposition (i.e., positional isomerization) approaches have emerged to afford valuable E- or Z- internal alkenes from their complementary terminal alkene feedstocks. However, the applicability of these methods has been hampered by lack of generality, commercial availability of precatalysts, and scalability. Here, we report a nickel-catalyzed platform for the stereodivergent E/Z-selective synthesis of internal alkenes at room temperature. Commercial reagents enable this one-carbon transposition of terminal alkenes to valuable E- or Z-internal alkenes via a Ni-H-mediated insertion/elimination mechanism. Though the mechanistic regime is the same in both systems, the underlying pathways that lead to each of the active catalysts are distinct, with the Z-selective catalyst forming from comproportionation of an oxidative addition complex followed by oxidative addition with substrate and the E-selective catalyst forming from protonation of the metal by the trialkylphosphonium salt additive. In each case, ligand sterics and denticity control stereochemistry and prevent over-isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Z Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICMBS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne K Ravn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hang Chi Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shenghua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julien C Vantourout
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICMBS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffauserstrasse, 4332, Stein, Switzerland
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3
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Huang H, Alvarez-Hernandez JL, Hazari N, Mercado BQ, Uehling MR. Effect of 6,6'-Substituents on Bipyridine-Ligated Ni Catalysts for Cross-Electrophile Coupling. ACS Catal 2024; 14:6897-6914. [PMID: 38737398 PMCID: PMC11087080 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A family of 4,4'-tBu2-2,2'-bipyridine (tBubpy) ligands with substituents in either the 6-position, 4,4'-tBu2-6-Me-bpy (tBubpyMe), or 6 and 6'-positions, 4,4'-tBu2-6,6'-R2-bpy (tBubpyR2; R = Me, iPr, sBu, Ph, or Mes), was synthesized. These ligands were used to prepare Ni complexes in the 0, I, and II oxidation states. We observed that the substituents in the 6 and 6'-positions of the tBubpy ligand impact the properties of the Ni complexes. For example, bulkier substituents in the 6,6'-positions of tBubpy better stabilized (tBubpyR2)NiICl species and resulted in cleaner reduction from (tBubpyR2)NiIICl2. However, bulkier substituents hindered or prevented coordination of tBubpyR2 ligands to Ni0(cod)2. In addition, by using complexes of the type (tBubpyMe)NiCl2 and (tBubpyR2)NiCl2 as precatalysts for different XEC reactions, we demonstrated that the 6 or 6,6' substituents lead to major differences in catalytic performance. Specifically, while (tBubpyMe)NiIICl2 is one of the most active catalysts reported to date for XEC and can facilitate XEC reactions at room temperature, lower turnover frequencies were observed for catalysts containing tBubpyR2 ligands. A detailed study on the catalytic intermediates (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I and (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I revealed several factors that likely contributed to the differences in catalytic activity. For example, whereas complexes of the type (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I are low spin and relatively stable, complexes of the type (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I are high-spin and less stable. Further, (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I captures primary and benzylic alkyl radicals more slowly than (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I, consistent with the lower activity of the former in catalysis. Our findings will assist in the design of tailor-made ligands for Ni-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | | | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
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4
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Sahoo M, Lee JW, Lee S, Choe W, Jung B, Kwak J, Hong SY. Isolation and Reactivity of Arylnickel(II) Complexes in Nickel-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Fluorosulfates. JACS AU 2024; 4:1646-1653. [PMID: 38665649 PMCID: PMC11040702 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Aryl fluorosulfates have emerged as versatile SuFExable substrates, harnessing the reactivity of the S-F bond. In this study, we unveil their alternative synthetic utility in nickel-catalyzed borylation via C-O bond activation. This method highlights mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and moderate functional group tolerance, rendering it a practical and appealing approach for synthesizing a diverse array of aryl boronate esters. Furthermore, computational analysis sheds light on the reaction pathways, uncovering the participation of LNi(0) and LNi(II)ArX species. This insight is supported by the 31P NMR reaction monitoring along with isolation and single-crystal X-ray structural elucidation of well-defined arylnickel(II) intermediates obtained from the oxidative addition of aryl fluorosulfates. A comprehensive investigation, merging experimental and computational approaches, deepens our understanding of the alternative reactivity of SuFExable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj
Kumar Sahoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghyuck Jung
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk
Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kwak
- Infectious
Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Division of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacology, KRICT School, University of Science and
Technology (UST), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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5
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Michel NWM, Gabbey AL, Edjoc RK, Fagbola E, Hughes JME, Campeau LC, Rousseaux SAL. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Redox Active Esters for the Synthesis of α-Aryl Nitriles: Investigation of a Chlorosilane Additive. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38197128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of redox active N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and iodoarenes for the synthesis of α-aryl nitriles is described. The NHP ester substrate is derived from cyanoacetic acid, which allows for a modular synthesis of substituted α-aryl nitriles, an important scaffold in the pharmaceutical sciences. The reaction exhibits a broad scope, and many functional groups are compatible under the reaction conditions, including complex highly functionalized medicinal agents. Mechanistic studies reveal that reduction and decarboxylation of the NHP ester to the reactive radical intermediate are accomplished by a combination of a chlorosilane additive and Zn dust. We demonstrate that stoichiometric chlorosilane is essential for product formation and that chlorosilane plays a role beyond activation of the metal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W M Michel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Racquel K Edjoc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Fagbola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Company Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Ghorai D, Garcia-Roca A, Tóth BL, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Ni-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Homoallylic Coupling: Synthesis of Chiral Branched 1,5-Dienes Featuring a Quaternary Stereogenic Center and Mechanistic Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314865. [PMID: 37931062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of small molecules comprising quaternary stereogenic carbon centers represents a challenging objective. Here regio- and enantioselective synthesis of chiral 1,5-dienes featuring quaternary stereocenters is reported via nickel-promoted by reductive homoallylic coupling. The developed methodology features an atypical preference for the formation of unusual branched regioisomers (rr >20 : 1) in a sterically challenging allylic substitution event and furnishes the products with enantiomeric ratios of up to 98 : 2 and with high chemo- and E-selectivity. A range of experimental evidences suggest that zinc plays a dual role to generate electrophilic and nucleophilic Ni(II)-allyl intermediates empowering a unique formal bimetallic cross-electrophile manifold in two separate kinetic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Ghorai
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleria Garcia-Roca
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Balázs L Tóth
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Newman-Stonebraker SH, Raab TJ, Roshandel H, Doyle AG. Synthesis of Nickel(I)-Bromide Complexes via Oxidation and Ligand Displacement: Evaluation of Ligand Effects on Speciation and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19368-19377. [PMID: 37610310 PMCID: PMC10616978 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Nickel's +1 oxidation state has received much interest due to its varied and often enigmatic behavior in increasingly popular catalytic methods. In part, the lack of understanding about NiI results from common synthetic strategies limiting the breadth of complexes that are accessible for mechanistic study and catalyst design. We report an oxidative approach using tribromide salts that allows for the generation of a well-defined precursor, [NiI(COD)Br]2, as well as several new NiI complexes. Included among them are complexes bearing bulky monophosphines, for which structure-speciation relationships are established and catalytic reactivity in a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) is investigated. Notably, these routes also allow for the synthesis of well-defined monomeric t-Bubpy-bound NiI complexes, which has not previously been achieved. These complexes, which react with aryl halides, can enable previously challenging mechanistic investigations and present new opportunities for catalysis and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Newman-Stonebraker
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T. Judah Raab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hootan Roshandel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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8
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Monti A, López-Serrano J, Prieto A, Nicasio MC. Broad-Scope Amination of Aryl Sulfamates Catalyzed by a Palladium Phosphine Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10945-10952. [PMID: 37614522 PMCID: PMC10443792 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Among phenol-derived electrophiles, aryl sulfamates are attractive substrates since they can be employed as directing groups for C-H functionalization prior to catalysis. However, their use in C-N coupling is limited only to Ni catalysis. Here, we describe a Pd-based catalyst with a broad scope for the amination of aryl sulfamates. We show that the N-methyl-2-aminobiphenyl palladacycle supported by the PCyp2ArXyl2 ligand (Cyp = cyclopentyl; ArXyl2 = 2,6-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phenyl) efficiently catalyzes the C-N coupling of aryl sulfamates with a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles, including anilines, primary and secondary alkyl amines, heteroaryl amines, N-heterocycles, and primary amides. DFT calculations support that the oxidative addition of the aryl sulfamate is the rate-determining step. The C-N coupling takes place through a cationic pathway in the polar protic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monti
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and
CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Prieto
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Borowski JE, Newman-Stonebraker SH, Doyle AG. Comparison of Monophosphine and Bisphosphine Precatalysts for Ni-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling: Understanding the Role of the Ligation State in Catalysis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7966-7977. [PMID: 38037565 PMCID: PMC10688240 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Practical advances in Ni-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) have been limited by a lack of mechanistic understanding of phosphine ligand effects. While bisphosphines are commonly used in these methodologies, we have observed instances where monophosphines can provide comparable or higher levels of reactivity. Seeking to understand the role of ligation state in catalysis, we performed a head-to-head comparison study of C(sp2)-C(sp2) Ni SMCs catalyzed by mono and bisphosphine precatalysts using six distinct substrate pairings. Significant variation in optimal precatalyst was observed, with the monophosphine precatalyst tending to outperform the bisphosphines with electronically deactivated and sterically hindered substrates. Mechanistic experiments revealed a role for monoligated (P1Ni) species in accelerating the fundamental organometallic steps of the catalytic cycle, while highlighting the need for bisligated (P2Ni) species to avoid off-cycle reactivity and catalyst poisoning by heterocyclic motifs. These findings provide guidelines for ligand selection against challenging substrates and future ligand design tailored to the mechanistic demands of Ni-catalyzed SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel H. Newman-Stonebraker
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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10
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Rachii D, Caldwell DJ, Kosukegawa Y, Sexton M, Rablen PR, Malachowski WP. Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck Reaction for the Synthesis of Phenanthridinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37321182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction has been developed to transform symmetrical 1,4-cyclohexadienes with attached aryl halides into phenanthridinone analogues containing quaternary stereocenters. Herein, we report important advances in reaction optimization enabling control of unwanted proto-dehalogenation and alkene reduction side products. Moreover, this approach provides direct access to six-membered ring heterocyclic systems bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters, which have been much more challenging to form enantioselectively with nickel-catalyzed Heck reactions. A wide range of substrates were demonstrated to work in good to excellent yields. Good enantioselectivity was demonstrated using a new synthesized chiral iQuinox-type bidentate ligand (L27). The sustainability, low price of nickel catalysts, and significantly faster reaction rate (1 h) versus that of a recently reported palladium-catalyzed reaction (20 h) make this process an attractive alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rachii
- Chemistry Department, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Dana J Caldwell
- Chemistry Department, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Yui Kosukegawa
- Chemistry Department, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Mary Sexton
- Chemistry Department, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Paul R Rablen
- Chemistry Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States
| | - William P Malachowski
- Chemistry Department, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
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11
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Zhang L, Wang X, Pu M, Chen C, Yang P, Wu YD, Chi YR, Zhou JS. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Arylation and Heteroarylation of Aldimines via an Elementary 1,4-Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Nickel catalysts of chiral pyrox ligands promoted enantioselective reductive arylation and heteroarylation of aldimines, using directly (hetero)aryl halides and sulfonates. The catalytic arylation can also be conducted with crude aldimines generated from condensation of aldehydes and azaaryl amines. Mechanistically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments pointed to an elementary step of 1,4-addition of aryl nickel(I) complexes to N-azaaryl aldimines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Gaoke Innovation Center, Guangqiao Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Caiyou Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Gaoke Innovation Center, Guangqiao Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Tang T, Hazra A, Min DS, Williams WL, Jones E, Doyle AG, Sigman MS. Interrogating the Mechanistic Features of Ni(I)-Mediated Aryl Iodide Oxidative Addition Using Electroanalytical and Statistical Modeling Techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2023:10.1021/jacs.3c01726. [PMID: 37014945 PMCID: PMC10548350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
While the oxidative addition of Ni(I) to aryl iodides has been commonly proposed in catalytic methods, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of this fundamental process is still lacking. Herein, we describe a detailed mechanistic study of the oxidative addition process using electroanalytical and statistical modeling techniques. Electroanalytical techniques allowed rapid measurement of the oxidative addition rates for a diverse set of aryl iodide substrates and four classes of catalytically relevant complexes (Ni(MeBPy), Ni(MePhen), Ni(Terpy), and Ni(BPP)). With >200 experimental rate measurements, we were able to identify essential electronic and steric factors impacting the rate of oxidative addition through multivariate linear regression models. This has led to a classification of oxidative addition mechanisms, either through a three-center concerted or halogen-atom abstraction pathway based on the ligand type. A global heat map of predicted oxidative addition rates was created and shown applicable to a better understanding of the reaction outcome in a case study of a Ni-catalyzed coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Daniel S. Min
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wendy L. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eli Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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13
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Ivančič A, Košmrlj J, Gazvoda M. Elucidating the reaction mechanism of a palladium-palladium dual catalytic process through kinetic studies of proposed elementary steps. Commun Chem 2023; 6:51. [PMID: 36934172 PMCID: PMC10024772 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the synergistic dual catalytic process, the kinetics of the catalytic cycles must be balanced for the successful outcome of the reaction. Therefore, the analysis of the kinetics of the independent catalytic cycles is essential for such reactions, as it enables their relational optimization as well as their design. Here we describe an analysis of the mechanism of a catalytic synergistic bimetallic reaction through the experimental study of a palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes, an example of a monometallic dual catalytic process. The proposed mechanism of the investigated reaction was disassembled into two palladium catalytic cycles and further into elementary reactions, and each step was studied independently. The described mechanistic analysis allowed us to identify the rate-determining step of the catalytic process by comparing the rates of the elementary reactions under similar reaction conditions, balanced kinetics of the palladium catalytic cycles, and also in which step which reagent enters the catalytic cycle and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Ivančič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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14
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Ligand-controlled stereodivergent alkenylation of alkynes to access functionalized trans- and cis-1,3-dienes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36599820 PMCID: PMC9813127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise stereocontrol of functionalized alkenes represents a long-standing research topic in organic synthesis. Nevertheless, the development of a catalytic, easily tunable synthetic approach for the stereodivergent synthesis of both E-selective and even more challenging Z-selective highly substituted 1,3-dienes from common substrates remains underexploited. Here, we report a photoredox and nickel dual catalytic strategy for the stereodivergent sulfonylalkenylation of terminal alkynes with vinyl triflates and sodium sulfinates under mild conditions. With a judicious choice of simple nickel catalyst and ligand, this method enables efficient and divergent access to both Z- and E-sulfonyl-1,3-dienes from the same set of simple starting materials. This method features broad substrate scope, good functional compatibility, and excellent chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Experimental and DFT mechanistic studies offer insights into the observed divergent stereoselectivity controlled by ligands.
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15
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Veatch AM, Liu S, Alexanian EJ. Cobalt-Catalyzed Deaminative Amino- and Alkoxycarbonylation of Aryl Trialkylammonium Salts Promoted by Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210772. [PMID: 36256542 PMCID: PMC9729412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic carbonylations of aryl electrophiles via C(sp2 )-N cleavage remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate an aminocarbonylation of aniline-derived trialkylammonium salts promoted by visible light with a simple cobalt catalyst. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions suitable for late-stage functionalization and is amenable to telescoped carbonylations directly from anilines. A range of alkylamines are successful partners, and alkoxycarbonylation is also demonstrated. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations support a novel mechanism for catalytic carbonylations of aryl electrophiles involving a key visible light-induced carbonyl photodissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Veatch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shubin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erik J Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Lalloo N, Brigham CE, Sanford MS. Mechanism-Driven Development of Group 10 Metal-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Coupling Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3430-3444. [PMID: 36382937 PMCID: PMC9764028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are widely used in both academia and industry for the construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The vast majority of cross-coupling reactions utilize aryl (pseudo)halides as the electrophilic coupling partner. Carboxylic acid derivatives (RC(O)X) represent a complementary class of electrophiles that can engage in decarbonylative couplings to produce analogous products. This decarbonylative approach offers the advantage that RC(O)X are abundant and inexpensive. In addition, decarbonylative coupling enables both intramolecular (between R and X of the carboxylic acid derivative) as well as intermolecular bond-forming reactions (in which an exogeneous nucleophile is coupled with the R group derived from RC(O)X). In these intermolecular reactions, the X-substituent on the carboxylic acid can be tuned to facilitate both oxidative addition and transmetalation, thus eliminating the need for an exogeneous base. This Account details our group's development of a diverse variety of base-free decarbonylative coupling reactions catalyzed by group 10 metals. Furthermore, it highlights how catalyst design can be guided by stoichiometric organometallic studies of these systems.Our early studies focused on intramolecular decarbonylative couplings that transform RC(O)X to the corresponding R-X with extrusion of CO. We first identified Pd and Ni monodentate phosphine catalysts that convert aryl thioesters (ArC(O)SR) to the corresponding thioethers (ArSR). We next expanded this reactivity to fluoroalkyl thioesters, using readily available fluoroalkyl carboxylic acids as the fluoroalkyl (RF) source. A Ni-phosphinoferrocene catalyst proved optimal, and the large bite angle bidentate ligand was necessary to promote the challenging RF-S bond-forming reductive elimination step.We next pursued intramolecular decarbonylative couplings of aroyl halides. Palladium-based catalysts bearing dialkylbiaryl ligands (e.g., BrettPhos) were identified as optimal for converting aroyl chlorides (ArC(O)Cl) to aryl chlorides (ArCl). These ligands were selected based on their ability to facilitate the key C-Cl bond-forming reductive elimination step of the catalytic cycle. In contrast, all attempts to convert aroyl fluorides [ArC(O)F)] to aryl fluorides (ArF) were unsuccessful with either Pd- or Ni-based catalysts. Organometallic studies of the Ni-system show that C(O)-F oxidative addition and CO deinsertion proceed smoothly, but the resulting nickel(II) aryl fluoride intermediate fails to undergo C-F bond-forming reductive elimination.In contrast to its inertness to reductive elimination, this nickel(II) aryl fluoride proved highly reactive toward transmetalation. The fluoride ligand serves as an internal base, such that no additional base is required. We leveraged this "transmetalation active" intermediate to achieve base-free Ni-catalyzed intermolecular decarbonylative coupling reactions between aroyl fluorides and boron reagents to access both biaryl and aryl-boronate ester products. By tuning the electrophile, transmetalating reagent, and catalyst, this same approach also proved applicable to base-free intermolecular decarbonylative fluoroalkylation (between difluoromethylacetyl fluoride and arylboronate esters) and aryl amination (between phenol esters and silyl amines).Moving forward, a key goal is to identify catalyst systems that enable more challenging bond constructions via this manifold. In addition, CO inhibition remains a major issue leading to the requirement for high temperatures and high catalyst loadings. Identifying catalysts that are resistant to CO binding and/or approaches to remove CO under mild conditions will be critical for making these reactions more practical and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naish Lalloo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Conor E. Brigham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Newman-Stonebraker SH, Wang JY, Jeffrey PD, Doyle AG. Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Buchwald-Type Phosphines in Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19635-19648. [PMID: 36250758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dialkyl-ortho-biaryl class of phosphines, commonly known as Buchwald-type ligands, are among the most important phosphines in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling. These ligands have also been successfully applied to several synthetically valuable Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies and, as demonstrated in this work, are top performing ligands in Ni-catalyzed Suzuki Miyaura Coupling (SMC) and C-N coupling reactions, even outperforming commonly employed bisphosphines like dppf in many circumstances. However, little is known about their structure-reactivity relationships (SRRs) with Ni, and limited examples of well-defined, catalytically relevant Ni complexes with Buchwald-type ligands exist. In this work, we report the analysis of Buchwald-type phosphine SRRs in four representative Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Our study was guided by data-driven classification analysis, which together with mechanistic organometallic studies of structurally characterized Ni(0), Ni(I), and Ni(II) complexes allowed us to rationalize reactivity patterns in catalysis. Overall, we expect that this study will serve as a platform for further exploration of this ligand class in organonickel chemistry as well as in the development of new Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Newman-Stonebraker
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Y Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philip D Jeffrey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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18
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Chen H, Yue H, Zhu C, Rueping M. Reactivity in Nickel‐Catalyzed Multi‐component Sequential Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204144. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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19
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Chen H, Yue H, Zhu C, Rueping M. Reactivity in Nickel Catalyzed Multicomponent Sequential Reductive Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center Chemical Science Program SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Huifeng Yue
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center Chemical Science Program SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Chen Zhu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center Chemical Science Program SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Magnus Rueping
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center Landoltweg 1 23955 Thuwal SAUDI ARABIA
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20
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Guo X, Dang H, Wisniewski SR, Simmons EM. Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Facilitated by a Weak Amine Base with Water as a Cosolvent. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Guo
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Hester Dang
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Steven R. Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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21
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Hamby TB, LaLama MJ, Sevov CS. Controlling Ni redox states by dynamic ligand exchange for electroreductive Csp3-Csp2 coupling. Science 2022; 376:410-416. [PMID: 35446658 PMCID: PMC9260526 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) reactions of aryl and alkyl electrophiles are appealing but limited to specific substrate classes. Here, we report electroreductive XEC of previously incompatible electrophiles including tertiary alkyl bromides, aryl chlorides, and aryl/vinyl triflates. Reactions rely on the merger of an electrochemically active complex that selectively reacts with alkyl bromides through 1e- processes and an electrochemically inactive Ni0(phosphine) complex that selectively reacts with aryl electrophiles through 2e- processes. Accessing Ni0(phosphine) intermediates is critical to the strategy but is often challenging. We uncover a previously unknown pathway for electrochemically generating these key complexes at mild potentials through a choreographed series of ligand-exchange reactions. The mild methodology is applied to the alkylation of a range of substrates including natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B. Hamby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew J. LaLama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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22
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DFT reveals the support effects in Pd nanoclusters over defect-ridden graphene for the oxidative addition of bromobenzene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Oechsner RM, Wagner JP, Fleischer I. Acetate Facilitated Nickel Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Alkyl Thiols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina M. Oechsner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J. Philipp Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivana Fleischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Humphrey ELBJ, Kennedy AR, Sproules S, Nelson DJ. Evaluating a Dispersion of Sodium in Sodium Chloride for the Synthesis of Low‐Valent Nickel Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- University of Strathclyde Pure and Applied Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - David James Nelson
- University of Strathclyde Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry 295 Cathedral Street G1 1XL Glasgow UNITED KINGDOM
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25
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Poisson PA, Tran G, Besnard C, Mazet C. Nickel-Catalyzed Kumada Vinylation of Enol Phosphates: A Comparative Mechanistic Study. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Alexandre Poisson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Tran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Koshti VS, Chandanshive AC, Mote NR, Chikkali SH. Ni-catalyzed highly enantioselective synthesis of sulfur protected P-stereogenic supramolecular phosphine. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Zurakowski JA, Austen BJH, Dufour MC, Spasyuk DM, Nelson DJ, Drover MW. Lewis Acid-Promoted Oxidative Addition at a [Ni 0 (diphosphine) 2 ] Complex: The Critical Role of a Secondary Coordination Sphere. Chemistry 2021; 27:16021-16027. [PMID: 34550623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative addition represents a critical elementary step in myriad catalytic transformations. Here, the importance of thoughtful ligand design cannot be overstated. In this work, we report the intermolecular activation of iodobenzene (PhI) at a coordinatively saturated 18-electron [Ni0 (diphosphine)2 ] complex bearing a Lewis acidic secondary coordination sphere. Whereas alkyl-substituted diphosphine complexes of Group 10 are known to be unreactive in such reactions, we show that [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 ] (P2 BCy 4 =1,2-bis(di(3-dicyclohexylboraneyl)-propylphosphino)ethane) is competent for room-temperature PhI cleavage to give [NiII (P2 BCy 4 )(Ph)(I)]. This difference in oxidative addition reactivity has been scrutinized computationally - an outcome that is borne out in ring-opening to provide the reactive precursor - for [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 ], a "boron-trapped" 16-electron κ1 -diphosphine Ni(0) complex. Moreover, formation of [NiII (P2 BCy 4 )(Ph)(I)] is inherent to the P2 BCy 4 secondary coordination sphere: treatment of the Lewis adduct, [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 (DMAP)8 ] with PhI provides [NiII (P2 BCy 4 )2 (DMAP)8 (I)]I via iodine-atom abstraction and not a [NiII (Ph)(I)(diphosphine)] compound - an unusual secondary sphere effect. Finally, the reactivity of [Ni0 (P2 BCy 4 )2 ] with 4-iodopyridine was surveyed, which resulted in a pyridyl-borane linked oligomer. The implications of these outcomes are discussed in the context of designing strongly donating, and yet labile diphosphine ligands for use in a critical bond activation step relevant to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Zurakowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Brady J H Austen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Maeve C Dufour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Denis M Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - David J Nelson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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28
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Mayberry DD, Linehan JC, Appel AM. Designing Catalytic Systems Using Binary Solvent Mixtures: Impact of Mole Fraction of Water on Hydride Transfer. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17132-17140. [PMID: 34723498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The free energy for hydride transfer reactions of transition metal hydrides is known to be influenced by solvent effects. The first-row transition metal hydride [HNi(dmpe)2][BF4] (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) has starkly different hydride transfer reactivities with CO2 in different solvents. A binary mixture of water and acetonitrile was used to tune the hydride transfer reactivity of HNi(dmpe)2+ with CO2 so that the free energy for this reaction approached zero. Various mole fractions of water were tested and a linear relationship between the hydride transfer free energy and solvent composition was established for 0-0.24 mole fraction of water. A deviation from linearity was found upon moving toward higher mole fractions of water. The tuning of the free energy for hydride transfer allowed HNi(dmpe)2+ to be used as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2. The optimized catalyst conditions produced 58 turnovers at room temperature in 0.082 mole fraction of water using 60 atm of a 1:1 mixture of H2 to CO2 gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell D Mayberry
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John C Linehan
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron M Appel
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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29
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Cooper AK, Greaves ME, Donohoe W, Burton PM, Ronson TO, Kennedy AR, Nelson DJ. Inhibition of (dppf)nickel-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions by α-halo-N-heterocycles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14074-14082. [PMID: 34760191 PMCID: PMC8565371 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A nickel/dppf catalyst system was found to successfully achieve the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 3- and 4-chloropyridine and of 6-chloroquinoline but not of 2-chloropyridine or of other α-halo-N-heterocycles. Further investigations revealed that chloropyridines undergo rapid oxidative addition to [Ni(COD)(dppf)] but that α-halo-N-heterocycles lead to the formation of stable dimeric nickel species that are catalytically inactive in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. However, the corresponding Kumada-Tamao-Corriu reactions all proceed readily, which is attributed to more rapid transmetalation of Grignard reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair K Cooper
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Megan E Greaves
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - William Donohoe
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Paul M Burton
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG426EY UK
| | - Thomas O Ronson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
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30
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Matsubara K. Well-Defined NHC-Ni Complexes as Catalysts: Preparation, Structures and Mechanistic Studies in Cross-Coupling Reactions. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3925-3942. [PMID: 34596959 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developmental studies are ongoing to discover a way to utilise new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-Ni complexes as catalysts. Using a bulky NHC ligand, it is possible to synthesise an NHC/phosphine-mixed heteroleptic Ni(II) complex, which can serve as an excellent catalyst for various cross-coupling reactions. During the study of the reaction mechanisms using these Ni complexes, NHC-Ni(I) complexes were accidentally discovered, and it was observed that they exhibit excellent catalytic activity for cross-coupling reactions. The possibility of the presence of NHC-Ni(I) intermediates in these catalytic reaction pathways has been experimentally demonstrated. Depending on the type of reaction, dinuclear Ni(I) and mononuclear Ni(I) complexes can function as intermediates. The results of the investigation of each reaction mechanism are summarised, and the prospects are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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31
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Behnke NE, Sales ZS, Li M, Herrmann AT. Dual Photoredox/Nickel-Promoted Alkylation of Heteroaryl Halides with Redox-Active Esters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12945-12955. [PMID: 34464532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein a method for the radical alkylation of heteroaryl halides that relies upon the combination of photoredox and nickel catalysis is described. The use of aliphatic N-(acyloxy)phthalimides as redox-active esters affords primary and secondary radicals for the decarboxylative dual cross-coupling with pyrimidine and pyridine heteroaryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. The method provides an additional synthetic tool for the incorporation of medicinally relevant heterocyclic motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Erin Behnke
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zachary S Sales
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Minyan Li
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Aaron T Herrmann
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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32
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Zhang C, Hu W, Lovinger GJ, Jin J, Chen J, Morken JP. Enantiomerically Enriched α-Borylzinc Reagents by Nickel-Catalyzed Carbozincation of Vinylboronic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14189-14195. [PMID: 34425672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper is described a synthesis of enantiomerically enriched, configurationally stable organozinc reagents by catalytic enantioselective carbozincation of a vinylboronic ester. This process furnishes enantiomerically enriched α-borylzinc intermediates that are shown to undergo stereospecific reactions, producing enantioenriched secondary boronic ester products. The properties of the intermediate α-borylzinc reagent are probed and the synthetic utility of the products is demonstrated by application to the synthesis of (-)-aphanorphine and (-)-enterolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Gabriel J Lovinger
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingjia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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33
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Kolluru S, Singh M, Gaskins B, Boskovic Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Annulations of ortho-Haloarylimines. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10351-10361. [PMID: 34777907 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery, development, and mechanism of a nickel-catalyzed annulation reaction between o-haloarylimines and electron-poor olefins. The reaction produces two adjacent anti stereocenters and a free secondary amine. Spirocycles are formed from cyclic imines. We characterized the key oxidative addition intermediate and identified a major path leading to competing homocoupling products. The activation energy of oxidative addition and the rate of oxidative addition complex isomerization were determined. The sensitivity of the reaction to reaction conditions was established in a quantitative manner and both the scope and limitations of the method are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kolluru
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, Kansas
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, Kansas
| | - Bryce Gaskins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, Kansas
| | - Zarko Boskovic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, Kansas
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34
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Marchese AD, Adrianov T, Lautens M. Recent Strategies for Carbon-Halogen Bond Formation Using Nickel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16750-16762. [PMID: 33647169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nickel catalysis has demonstrated the capability of performing a broad range of synthetically challenging transformations over the last decade. Though recent literature has focused on the formation of C-C and C-N bonds, a variety of breakthroughs in the field of C-X bond generation have also been reported. A diverse range of strategies using nickel have been developed, in an effort to expand the scope and synthetic utility of these halogenation methods. This Minireview will cover six emerging strategies in this field including: oxidatively induced C-X reductive elimination, triflate-to-halogen exchange reactions, directed C-H halogenation, non-directed electrophilic C-H halogenation of arenes, enantioselective α-fluorination of carbonyl containing compounds, and 1,2-difunctionalization-halogenation reactions. The final section has been split into two parts: nickel-catalyzed hydrohalogenation and nickel-catalyzed carbohalogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Marchese
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Timur Adrianov
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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35
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Beutner GL, Simmons EM, Ayers S, Bemis CY, Goldfogel MJ, Joe CL, Marshall J, Wisniewski SR. A Process Chemistry Benchmark for sp 2-sp 3 Cross Couplings. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10380-10396. [PMID: 34255510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As sp2-sp3 disconnections gain acceptance in the medicinal chemist's toolbox, an increasing number of potential drug candidates containing this motif are moving into the pharmaceutical development pipeline. This raises a new set of questions and challenges around the novel, direct methodologies available for forging these bonds. These questions gain further importance in the context of process chemistry, where the focus is the development of scalable processes that enable the large-scale delivery of clinical supplies. In this paper, we describe our efforts to apply a wide variety of standard, photo-, and electrochemical sp2-sp3 cross-coupling methods to a pharmaceutically relevant intermediate and optimize each through a combination of high throughput and mechanistically guided experimentation. With data regarding the performance, benefits, and limitations of these novel methods, we evaluate them against a more traditional two-step palladium-catalyzed process. This work reveals trends and similarities between these sp2-sp3 bond-forming methods and suggests a path forward for further refinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Beutner
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Sloan Ayers
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Christopher Y Bemis
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Matthew J Goldfogel
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Candice L Joe
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jonathan Marshall
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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36
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Mills LR, Edjoc RK, Rousseaux SAL. Design of an Electron-Withdrawing Benzonitrile Ligand for Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Involving Tertiary Nucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10422-10428. [PMID: 34197103 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of new ligands for cross-coupling is essential for developing new catalytic reactions that access valuable products such as pharmaceuticals. In this report, we exploit the reactivity of nitrile-containing additives in Ni catalysis to design a benzonitrile-containing ligand for cross-coupling involving tertiary nucleophiles. Kinetic and Hammett studies are used to elucidate the role of the optimized ligand, which demonstrate that the benzonitrile moiety acts as an electron-acceptor to promote reductive elimination over β-hydride elimination and stabilize low-valent Ni. With these conditions, a protocol for decyanation-metalation and Ni-catalyzed arylation is conducted, enabling access to quaternary α-arylnitriles from disubstituted malononitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reginald Mills
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Racquel K Edjoc
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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37
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Pein WL, Wiensch EM, Montgomery J. Nickel-Catalyzed Ipso-Borylation of Silyloxyarenes via C-O Bond Activation. Org Lett 2021; 23:4588-4592. [PMID: 34060846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of silyloxyarenes to boronic acid pinacol esters via nickel catalysis is described. In contrast to other borylation protocols of inert C-O bonds, the method is competent in activating the carbon-oxygen bond of silyloxyarenes in isolated aromatic systems lacking a directing group. The catalytic functionalization of benzyl silyl ethers was also achieved under these conditions. Sequential cross-coupling reactions were achieved by leveraging the orthogonal reactivity of silyloxyarenes, which could then be functionalized subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley L Pein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eric M Wiensch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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38
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Greaves ME, Ronson TO, Maseras F, Nelson DJ. The Effect of Added Ligands on the Reactions of [Ni(COD)(dppf)] with Alkyl Halides: Halide Abstraction May Be Reversible. Organometallics 2021; 40:1997-2007. [PMID: 34295014 PMCID: PMC8288641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The reactions of
dppf-nickel(0) with alkyl halides proceed via
three-coordinate nickel(0) intermediates of the form [Ni(dppf)(L)].
The effects of the identity of the added ligand (L) on catalyst speciation
and the rates of reactions of [Ni(COD)(dppf)] with alkyl halides have
been investigated using kinetic experiments and density functional
theory calculations. A series of monodentate ligands have been investigated
in attempts to identify trends in reactivity. Sterically bulky and
electron-donating ligands are found to decrease the reaction rate.
It was found that (i) the halide abstraction step is not always irreversible
and the subsequent recombination of a nickel(I) complex with an alkyl
halide can have a significant effect on the overall rate of the reaction
and (ii) some ligands lead to very stable [Ni(dppf)(L)2] species. The yields of prototypical (dppf)nickel-catalyzed Kumada
cross-coupling reactions of alkyl halides are significantly improved
by the addition of free ligands, which provides another important
variable to consider when optimizing nickel-catalyzed reactions of
alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Greaves
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland.,Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Thomas O Ronson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
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39
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Zhang SQ, Hong X. Mechanism and Selectivity Control in Ni- and Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings Involving Carbon-Oxygen Bond Activation. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2158-2171. [PMID: 33826300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-O bond activation provides a useful strategy for utilizing alcohol- and phenol-derived electrophiles in cross-coupling reactions, which has become a research field of active and growing interest in organic chemistry. The synergy between computation and experiment elucidated the mechanistic model and controlling factors of selectivities in these transformations, leading to advances in innovative C-O bond activation and functionalization methods.Toward the rational design of C-O bond activation, our collaborations with the Jarvo group bridged the mechanistic models of C(sp2)-O and C(sp3)-O bond activations. We found that the nickel catalyst cleaves the benzylic and allylic C(sp3)-O bonds via two general mechanisms: the stereoinvertive SN2 back-side attack model and the stereoretentive chelation-assisted model. These two models control the stereochemistry in a wide array of stereospecific Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with benzylic or allylic alcohol derivatives. Because of the catalyst distortion, the ligands can differentiate the competing stereospecific C(sp3)-O bond activations. The PCy3 ligand interacts with nickel mainly through σ-donation, and the Ni(PCy3) catalyst can undergo facile bending of the substrate-nickel-ligand angle, which favors the stereoretentive benzylic C-O bond activation. The N-heterocyclic carbene SIMes ligand has additional d(metal)-p(ligand) back-donation with nickel, which leads to an extra energy penalty for the same angle bending. This results in the preference of stereoinvertive benzylic C-O bond activation under Ni/SIMes catalysis. In addition to ligand control, a Lewis acid can increase the selectivity for stereoinvertive C(sp3)-O activation by stabilizing the SN2 back-side attack transition state. The oxygen leaving group complexes with the MgI2 Lewis acid in the stereoinvertive activation, leading to the exclusive stereoinvertive Kumada coupling of benzylic ethers. We also identified that the competing C(sp3)-O bond activation models have noticeable differences in charge separation. This leads to the solvent polarity control of the stereospecificity in C(sp3)-O activations. Low-polarity solvents favor the neutral stereoretentive C-O bond activation, while high-polarity solvents favor the zwitterionic stereoinvertive cleavage.In sharp contrast to the nickel catalysts, the C(sp2)-O bond activation under palladium catalysis mainly proceeds via the classic three-membered ring oxidative addition mechanism instead of the chelation-assisted mechanism. This is due to the lower oxophilicity of palladium, which disfavors the oxygen coordination in the chelation-assisted-type activation. The three-membered ring activation model selectively cleaves the weak C-O bond, resulting in the exclusive chemoselectivity of acyl C-O bond activation in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with aryl carboxylic acid derivatives. This explains the overall acylation in the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with aryl esters. In collaboration with the Szostak group, we revealed that the three-membered ring model applies in the Pd-catalyzed C-O bond activation of carboxylic acid anhydride, which stimulated the development of a series of Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative functionalizations of aryl carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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40
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Ho CC, Olding A, Fuller RO, Canty AJ, Lucas NT, Bissember AC. Suzuki–Miyaura Csp 2–Csp 2 Cross-Couplings Employing Nickel(II) Pincer Precatalysts: Mechanistic Investigations. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis C. Ho
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Angus Olding
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Rebecca O. Fuller
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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41
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Reeves EK, Entz ED, Neufeldt SR. Chemodivergence between Electrophiles in Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:6161-6177. [PMID: 33206420 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent cross-couplings are those in which either one of two (or more) potentially reactive functional groups can be made to react based on choice of conditions. In particular, this review focuses on cross-couplings involving two different (pseudo)halides that can compete for the role of the electrophilic coupling partner. The discussion is primarily organized by pairs of electrophiles including chloride vs. triflate, bromide vs. triflate, chloride vs. tosylate, and halide vs. halide. Some common themes emerge regarding the origin of selectivity control. These include catalyst ligation state and solvent polarity or coordinating ability. However, in many cases, further systematic studies will be necessary to deconvolute the influences of metal identity, ligand, solvent, additives, nucleophilic coupling partner, and other factors on chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Reeves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Emily D Entz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
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42
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Marchese AD, Adrianov T, Lautens M. Recent Strategies for Carbon−Halogen Bond Formation Using Nickel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin D. Marchese
- Department of Chemistry Davenport Chemical Laboratories University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Timur Adrianov
- Department of Chemistry Davenport Chemical Laboratories University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry Davenport Chemical Laboratories University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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43
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Zhou JS, Huang X, Teng S, Chi YR. Nickel-catalyzed Heck reaction of cycloalkenes using aryl sulfonates and pivalates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3933-3936. [PMID: 33871493 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00634g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed Heck reaction of cycloalkenes delivers unusual conjugated arylated isomers. Nickel(0) catalysts ligated by chelating dialkylphosphines effectively activate not only aryl triflates as electrophiles, but also less reactive aryl mesylates, tosylates and pivalates. The omission of bases allows nickel hydride species to exist long enough to perform in situ olefin isomerization of initial Heck adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Room F312, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shenghan Teng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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44
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Huang X, Teng S, Chi YR, Xu W, Pu M, Wu Y, Zhou JS. Enantioselective Intermolecular Heck and Reductive Heck Reactions of Aryl Triflates, Mesylates, and Tosylates Catalyzed by Nickel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shenghan Teng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yun‐Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School 2199 Lishui Road, Room F312 Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
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45
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Marchese AD, Adrianov T, Köllen MF, Mirabi B, Lautens M. Synthesis of Carbocyclic Compounds via a Nickel-Catalyzed Carboiodination Reaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin D. Marchese
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Timur Adrianov
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Martin F. Köllen
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bijan Mirabi
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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46
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Greaves ME, Johnson Humphrey ELB, Nelson DJ. Reactions of nickel(0) with organochlorides, organobromides, and organoiodides: mechanisms and structure/reactivity relationships. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of nickel(0) complexes with phosphine, bipyridine-type, and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with aryl, vinyl, and alkyl halides is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Greaves
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
- Chemical Development
| | | | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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47
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Huang X, Teng S, Chi YR, Xu W, Pu M, Wu Y, Zhou JS. Enantioselective Intermolecular Heck and Reductive Heck Reactions of Aryl Triflates, Mesylates, and Tosylates Catalyzed by Nickel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2828-2832. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shenghan Teng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yun‐Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School 2199 Lishui Road, Room F312 Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 China
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Jacobs E, Keaveney ST. Experimental and Computational Studies towards Chemoselective C−F over C−Cl Functionalisation: Reversible Oxidative Addition is the Key. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jacobs
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW 2019 Australia
| | - Sinead T. Keaveney
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW 2019 Australia
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Abstract
AbstractThe activation of strong C–O bonds in cross-coupling catalysis can open up new oxygenate-based feedstocks and building blocks for complex-molecule synthesis. Although Ni catalysis has been the major focus for cross-coupling of carboxylate-based electrophiles, we recently demonstrated that palladium catalyzes not only difficult C–O oxidative additions but also Suzuki-type cross-couplings of alkenyl carboxylates under mild conditions. We propose that, depending on the reaction conditions, either a typical Pd(0)/(II) mechanism or a redox-neutral Pd(II)-only mechanism can operate. In the latter pathway, C–C bond formation occurs through carbopalladation of the alkene, and C–O cleavage by β-carboxyl elimination.1 Introduction2 A Mechanistic Challenge: Activating Strong C–O Bonds3 Exploiting Vinylogy for C–Cl and C–O Oxidative Additions4 An Alternative Mechanism for Efficient Cross-Coupling Catalysis5 Conclusions and Outlook
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Derhamine SA, Krachko T, Monteiro N, Pilet G, Schranck J, Tlili A, Amgoune A. Nickel‐Catalyzed Mono‐Selective α‐Arylation of Acetone with Aryl Chlorides and Phenol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sary Abou Derhamine
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS—UMR CNRS 5246) CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon 1 Rue victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Tetiana Krachko
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS—UMR CNRS 5246) CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon 1 Rue victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS—UMR CNRS 5246) CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon 1 Rue victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI) UMR 5615 CNRS Bâtiment Chevreul Avenue du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Johannes Schranck
- Solvias AG Römerpark 2 4303 Kaiseraugst Switzerland
- Current address: Johnson Matthey Life Science Technologies 2001 Nolte Drive West Deptford NJ 08066 USA
| | - Anis Tlili
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS—UMR CNRS 5246) CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon 1 Rue victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS—UMR CNRS 5246) CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon 1 Rue victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
- Institut Universitaire de France IUF 1 Rue Descartes 75231 Cedex 05 Paris France
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