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Flecken F, Knapp A, Grell T, Dreßler C, Hanf S. Acute Bite Angle POP- and PSP-Type Ligands and Their Trinuclear Copper(I) Complexes: Synthesis and Photo-Luminescence Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13038-13049. [PMID: 37535941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, the rational synthesis of trinuclear copper complexes, incorporating acute bite angle POP- and PSP-type ligands, is reported. The in situ formation of POP (Ph2P-O-PPh2) or PSP (Ph2P-S-PPh2) ligands in the presence of a copper(I) precursor gave access to various trinuclear copper complexes of the form [Cu3(μ3-Hal)2(μ-PXP)3]PF6 [X = O; Hal = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3) and X = S; Hal = Cl (5), Br (6), I (7)]. Related iodide-containing complexes and clusters, such as [Cu4(μ3-I)4(Ph2PI)4] (4) and [Cu3(μ3-I)2(μ-I)(μ-PSP)2] (8), could also be obtained via the variation of the reaction stoichiometry. The investigation of the photo-optical properties by photo-luminescence spectroscopy has demonstrated that the phosphorescence in the visible region can be switched off through the mere change of the heteroatom in the ligand backbone (POP vs PSP ligand scaffold). Theoretical studies have been conducted to complement the experimental photo-optical data with detailed insights into the occurring electronic transitions. Consequently, this systematic study paves the way for tuning the photo-optical properties of transition metal complexes in a more rational way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Flecken
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Mail:
| | - Anna Knapp
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Mail:
| | - Toni Grell
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Dreßler
- Institute of Physics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Weimarer Straße 32, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Schirin Hanf
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Mail:
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Zhu H, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Brehm PC, Streubel R. Design of transition metal complexes containing a P-E radical motif. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2356-2362. [PMID: 36723098 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have synthesized phosphane W(CO)5 complexes containing a P-O-TEMP ligand motif as bench-stable precursors of thermally accessible phosphanoxyl complex radicals possessing a ligand with a P-O˙ group. In this work, extensive dispersion-corrected DFT calculations are used to explore both W(CO)5 and Fe(CO)4 phosphane complexes containing the P-E-TEMP ligands (E = O, S, NMe, and PMe) in order to reach thermally accessible radicals with a P-E˙ motif. Moreover, a more general single-electron transfer (SET) oxidation approach to synthesize such P-E˙ radicals via anionic precursors is disclosed. Furthermore, the tendencies for self-trapping and prototropic reactions of such radical complexes have been studied for the first time. Electronic structures and potential conversions of such P-E˙ radicals are discussed, thus paving the way to a broad range of transition metal radical complexes, including potential thermal radical initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. .,Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Philipp C Brehm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Flecken F, Grell T, Hanf S. Transition metal complexes of the PPO/POP ligand: variable coordination chemistry and photo-luminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8975-8985. [PMID: 35582983 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current work the tautomeric equilibrium between tetraphenyldiphosphoxane (Ph2P-O-PPh2, POP) and tetraphenyldiphosphine monoxide (Ph2P-P(O)Ph2, PPO) in the absence and presence of transition metal precursors is investigated. Whereas with hard transition metal ions, such as Fe(II) and Y(III), PPO-type complexes, such as [FeCl2(PPO)2] (1) and [YCl3(THF)2(PPO)] (2), are formed, softer transition metals ions tend to form so-called coordination stabilised tautomers of the POP ligand form, such as [Cu2(MeCN)3(μ2-POP)2](PF6)2 (3), [Au2Cl2(μ2-POP)] (4), and [Au2(μ2-POP)2](OTf)2 (5). The photo-optical properties of the PPO- and POP-type transition metal complexes are investigated experimentally using photo-luminescence spectroscopy, whereby the presence of metallophillic interactions was found to play a crucial role. The dinuclear copper complex [Cu2(MeCN)3(μ2-POP)2](PF6)2 (3) shows a very interesting thermochromic behavior and intense photo-luminescence with remarkable phosphoresence lifetimes at 77 K, which can probably be attributed to short intramolecular Cu-Cu distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Flecken
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Toni Grell
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Schirin Hanf
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Brehm PC, Frontera A, Streubel R. On metal coordination of neutral open-shell P-ligands focusing on phosphanoxyls, their electron residence and reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6270-6279. [PMID: 35579028 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article highlights the discovery and development of phosphanoxyl complex chemistry starting from (neutral) low-coordinate phosphorus radicals and the quest of metal ligation effects. We describe synthesis and reactions of precursors, namely 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (TEMPO) substituted phosphane tungsten(0) complexes. Trapping reactions of transient phosphanoxyl complexes, formed via thermal homolytic N-O bond cleavage, as well as their use in radical polymerisations are illustrated, thus revealing an interesting reactivity dichotomy. DFT calculations provide insight into thermal stabilities of precursors and the resulting spin density distributions (SDDs) in these reactive intermediates. Systematic studies on the dependance of the electron delocalisation in phosphanoxyl complexes have been performed examining different substitution pattern at phosphorus and different co-ligand combinations at the tungsten(0) center. Preliminary results on Mn and Fe complexes are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Brehm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa, 07122 Palma, Baleares, Spain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Brehm PC, Müller-Feyen AS, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. 1,3,2-Diheterophospholane complexes: access to new tuneable precursors of phosphanoxyl complexes and P-functional polymers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4400-4405. [PMID: 35195141 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a testbed of P-H functional diheterophospholane complexes (3 and 6a,b) with no or little steric bulk at the α-position was achieved using [NEt4][WH(CO)5] as a combined reductant and complexation reagent. Reaction with TEMPO leads to P-OTEMP substituted tungsten complexes (4 and 7a,b) possessing different thermostabilities towards N-O bond cleavage. The transient phosphanoxyl complexes obtained were used for the polymerisation of styrene and acrylonitrile. DFT calculations were performed on the formation of various open-shell complexes and Loewdin spin density distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Brehm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anne S Müller-Feyen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Junker P, Rey Planells A, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Analysis of Non-innocence of Phosphaquinodimethane Ligands when Charge and Aromaticity Come into Play. Chemistry 2021; 27:9350-9359. [PMID: 33811689 PMCID: PMC8362198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several phosphaquinodimethanes and their M(CO)5 complexes (M=Cr, Mo, W) and model derivatives have been theoretically investigated regarding the quest of non-innocence. Computed structural and electronic properties of the P-Me/NH2 substituted phosphaquinodimethanes and tungsten complexes revealed an interesting non-innocent ligand behaviour for the radical anion complexes with distonic ion character and a strong rearomatization of the middle phenyl ring. The latter was further probed taking also geometric aromaticity (HOMA) and quinoid distortion parameters (HOMQc) into account, as well as NICS(1). Furthermore, the effect of the P-substitution was investigated for real (or plausible) complexes and their free ligands focusing on the resulting aromaticity at the middle phenyl ring and vertical one-electron redox processes. The best picture of ligand engagement in redox changes was provided by representing NICS(1) values versus HOMA and the new geometric distortion parameter HOMQc8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Junker
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnGerhardt-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Alicia Rey Planells
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de MurciaCampus de Espinardo30100MurciaSpain
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de MurciaCampus de Espinardo30100MurciaSpain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnGerhardt-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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Heurich T, Naz NR, Qu ZW, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. Formation and Reactivity of Transient Phosphanoxyl Manganese Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heurich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Nabila Rauf Naz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn Germany
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Ishida S, Hirakawa F, Iwamoto T. A Series of Two-Coordinate Group-15 Element (P, As, Sb, Bi) Centered Radicals Having Bulky Alkyl Groups. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Heurich T, Qu ZW, Kunzmann R, Schnakenburg G, Engeser M, Nožinović S, Streubel R. Styrene Polymerization under Ambient Conditions by using a Transient 1,3,2-Diazaphospholane-2-oxyl Complex. Chemistry 2018; 24:6473-6478. [PMID: 29470864 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A combined theoretical and experimental study on the formation and reactivity of a P-OTEMP (P-bound TEMPO (TEMPO=2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl)) substituted 1,3,2-diazaphospholane W(CO)5 complex is presented, including DFT-based mechanistic details. The complex possesses a thermally labile O-N bond that cleaves homolytically yielding the transient 1,3,2-diazaphospholane-2-oxyl complex [(CO)5 W(R2 PO. )], which acts as a radical initiator for styrene polymerization under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heurich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Kunzmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Engeser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Senada Nožinović
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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