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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Liu J, Sum K, Groizard T, Halet JF, Johnson SA. Theoretical and DFT Study of Atypical Pentanuclear [( iPr 3P)Ni] 5H n ( n = 4, 6, 8) Clusters: What are the Rules? Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20888-20900. [PMID: 38069675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure, bonding, and properties of a series of atypical pentanuclear nickel hydride clusters supported by electron-rich iPr3P of the type [(iPr3P)Ni]5Hn (n = 4, 6, 8; H4, H6, H8) and their anionic models where iPr3P are substituted by H- (H4', H6', H8') were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All clusters were calculated to adopt a similar square pyramidal core geometry. Calculations indicate singlet ground states with small singlet-triplet gaps for H4 and H6, similar to previously reported experimental values. Molecular orbital theory description clusters were investigated using the simplified model complexes [HNi]5Hn5- (n = 4, 6, 8; H4', H6', H8'). The results show that there are three skeletal electron pairs (SEPs) in H4'. The addition of two molecules of H2 to form H6' and H8' results in the partial or full occupation of two degenerate MOs (e* set) that give two SEPs and one SEP, respectively. Indeed, the occupation of these low-lying weakly antibonding orbitals governs the multielectron chemistry available for these clusters and plays a role in their unique reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kethya Sum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Thomas Groizard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)─UMR 6226, Université Rennes, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, UMR7177, Institut Le Bel, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)─UMR 6226, Université Rennes, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
- CNRS-Saint-Gobain─NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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3
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Maiola ML, Buss JA. Accessing Ta/Cu Architectures via Metal-Metal Salt Metatheses: Heterobimetallic C-H Bond Activation Affords μ-Hydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311721. [PMID: 37831544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We employ a metal-metal salt metathesis strategy to access low-valent tantalum-copper heterometallic architectures (Ta-μ2 -H2 -Cu and Ta-μ3 -H2 -Cu3 ) that emulate structural elements proposed for surface alloyed nanomaterials. Whereas cluster assembly with carbonylmetalates is well precedented, the use of the corresponding polyarene transition metal anions is underexplored, despite recognition of these highly reactive fragments as storable sources of atomic Mn- . Our application of this strategy provides structurally unique early-late bimetallic species. These complexes incorporate bridging hydride ligands during their syntheses, the origin of which is elucidated via detailed isotopic labelling studies. Modification of ancillary ligand sterics and electronics alters the mechanism of bimetallic assembly; a trinuclear complex resulting from dinuclear C-H activation is demonstrated as an intermediate en route to formation of the bimetallic. Further validating the promise of this rational, bottom-up approach, a unique tetranuclear species was synthesized, featuring a Ta centre bearing three Ta-Cu interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela L Maiola
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua A Buss
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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4
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Liu J, Shoshani MM, Sum K, Johnson SA. Breaking bonds and breaking rules: inert-bond activation by [( iPr 3P)Ni] 5H 4 and catalytic stereospecific norbornene dimerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3542-3545. [PMID: 36689211 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The facile carbon atom abstraction reaction by [(iPr3P)Ni]5H6 (1) with various terminal alkenes to give [(iPr3P)Ni]5H4(μ5-C) (2) occurs via a common highly reactive intermediate [(iPr3P)Ni]5H4 (3), which was isolated by the reaction of 1 with norbornene. Temperature dependent 1H and 31P{1H} NMR chemical shifts of 3 are consistent with a thermally populated triplet excited state only 2 kcal mol-1 higher energy than the diamagnetic ground state. Complex 3 catalyzes the dimerization of norbornene to stereoselectively provide exclusively (Z) anti-(bis-2,2'-norbornylidene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Manar M Shoshani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kethya Sum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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5
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Cai Y, Jiang S, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Xu X. A Planar Nickelaspiropentane Complex with Magnesium-Based Metalloligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Synergistic Dihydrogen Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16647-16655. [PMID: 36041123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nature of transition-metal-olefin bonding has been explained by the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model within a continuum of two extremes, namely, a π-complex and a metallacyclopropane. The textbook rule suggests that a low-spin late-transition-metal-ethylene complex more likely forms a π-complex rather than a metallacyclopropane. Herein, we report a low-spin late-transition-metal-bis-ethylene complex forming an unprecedented planar metalla-bis-cyclopropane structure with magnesium-based metalloligands. Treatment of LMgEt (L = [(DippNCMe)2CH]-, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) with Ni(cod)2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) formed the heterotrimetallic complex (LMg)2Ni(C2H4)2, which features a linear Mg-Ni-Mg linkage and a planar coordination geometry at the nickel center. Both structural features and computational studies strongly supported the Ni(C2H4)2 moiety as a nickelaspiropentane. The exposure of (LMg)2Ni(C2H4)2 to 1 bar H2 at room temperature produced a four-hydride-bridged complex (LMg)2Ni(μ-H)4. The profile of H2 activation was elucidated by density functional theory calculations, which indicated a novel Mg/Ni cooperative activation mechanism with no oxidation occurring at the metal center, differing from the prevailing mono-metal-based redox mechanism. Moreover, the heterotrimetallic complex (LMg)2Ni(C2H4)2 catalyzed the hydrogenation of a wide range of unsaturated substrates under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077Toulouse, France
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
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He T, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Perdeuteration of Deactivated Aryl Halides by H/D Exchange under Superelectrophile Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4734-4738. [PMID: 35258291 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Superelectrophilic silylium/arenium ions are shown to be highly effective H/D exchange promoters for the exhaustive deuteration of electron-deficient aryl halides. Several of the resulting perdeuterated aryl halides have been previously inaccessible with existing deuterium-labeling procedures. Using inexpensive C6D6 as the deuterium source, excellent degrees of deuterium incorporation were achieved under ambient reaction conditions. Importantly, the perdeuteration remains unaffected on multigram scale, even at a reduced catalyst loading of 0.1 mol %. By this method, otherwise expensive or noncommercially available NMR solvents such as 1,2-dichloro- and 1,2-difluorobenzene can be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Cai Y, Jiang S, Dong L, Xu X. Synthesis and reactivity of heterometallic complexes containing Mg- or Zn-metalloligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3817-3827. [PMID: 35107467 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear metal complexes comprising main group metals and transition metals have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their applications in stoichiometric and catalytic activation of small molecules with possible cooperative effects. Herein, the advances of heterometallic complexes containing Mg- or Zn-metalloligands over the past ten years are reviewed. They consist of two parts: (i) synthetic approaches to heterometallic complexes. Only a brief discussion is made on the different Mg/Zn precursors since they have been summarized before. (ii) Stoichiometric and catalytic reactivities of heterometallic complexes containing Mg/Zn metalloligands. The exploration of the cooperative catalytic reaction of heterometallic complexes is still in its infancy, promising but challenging; thus, further investigations are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Liqiu Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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8
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Liu S, Smith BA, Kirkland JK, Vogiatzis KD, Girolami GS. Nature of the Short Rh-Li Contact between Lithium and the Rhodium ω-Alkenyl Complex [Rh(CH 2CMe 2CH 2CH═CH 2) 2] . Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8790-8801. [PMID: 34097392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of the cis-bis(η1,η2-2,2-dimethylpent-4-en-1-yl)rhodate(I) anion, cis-[Rh(CH2CMe2CH2CH═CH2)2]-, and the interaction of this species with Li+ both in solution and in the solid state. For the lithium(diethyl ether) salt [Li(Et2O)][Rh(CH2CMe2CH2CH═CH2)2], VT-NMR and 1H{7Li} NOE NMR studies in toluene-d8 show that the Li+ cation is in close proximity to the dz2 orbital of rhodium. In the solid-state structure of the lithium(12-crown-4) salt [Li(12-crown-4)2][Li{Rh(CH2CMe2CH2CH═CH2)2}2], one lithium atom is surrounded by two [Rh(CH2CMe2CH2CH═CH2)2]- anions, and in this assembly there are two unusually short Rh-Li distances of 2.48 Å. DFT calculations, natural energy decomposition, and ETS-NOCV analysis suggest that there is a weak dative interaction between the 4dz2 orbitals on the Rh centers and the 2pz orbital of the Li+ cation. The charge-transfer term between Rh and Li+ contributes only about the 1/5 of the total interaction energy, however, and the principal driving force for the proximity of Rh and Li in compounds 1 and 2 is that Li+ is electrostatically attracted to negative charges on the dialkylrhodiate anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brett A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Justin K Kirkland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Konstantinos D Vogiatzis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Gregory S Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Zhai DD, Xie SJ, Xia Y, Fang HY, Shi ZJ. Silylamido supported dinitrogen heterobimetallic complexes: syntheses and their catalytic ability. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa290. [PMID: 34987834 PMCID: PMC8694672 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum dinitrogen complexes supported by monodentate arylsilylamido ligand, [Ar(Me3Si)N]3MoN2Mg(THF)2[N(SiMe3)Ar] (5) and [Ar(Me3Si)N]3MoN2SiMe3 (6) (Ar = 3,5-Me2C6H3) were synthesized and structurally characterized, and proved to be effective catalysts for the disproportionation of cyclohexadienes and isomerization of terminal alkenes. The 1H NMR spectrum suggested that the bridging nitrogen ligand remains intact during the catalytic reaction, indicating possible catalytic ability of the Mo-N=N motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Si-Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hua-Yi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Huang J, Zheng X, Del Rosal I, Zhao B, Maron L, Xu X. Nickel(0)-Induced β-H Elimination of Magnesium Alkyls: Formation and Reactivity of Heterometallic Hydrides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13473-13480. [PMID: 32877185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and reactivity of heterometallic Mg-Ni complexes with bridging hydrides. Treatment of magnesium monoalkyl complexes, which are supported by a tridentate β-diketiminato ligand bearing a pendent phosphine group, with nickel(0) reagent Ni(COD)2 (COD: 1,5-cyclooctadiene) at a molar ratio of 2:1 resulted in the formation of a heterotrimetallic hydride-bridged [Mg-Ni-Mg] complex via facile elimination of the corresponding alkenes. A heterobimetallic hydride-bridged [Mg-Ni] complex served as an intermediate species for the formation of the [Mg-Ni-Mg] complex. Computational studies revealed that the reaction was initiated by coordination of nickel to magnesium followed by an alkyl group transfer. β-H elimination at the nickel center subsequently occurred to give the heterometallic hydride-bridged complex. Density functional theory analysis also highlighted a three-center two-electron interaction for the Mg-H-Ni unit. The hydride-bridged [Mg-Ni-Mg] complex showed diverse reactivity toward unsaturated small molecules. For instance, reactions with isocyanides provided heterometallic species by coordination of isocyanides to the nickel center, with no subsequent reduction detected. Isocyanides could also be dissociated at 80 °C. In contrast, hydromagnesiation occurred upon treatment of the heterotrimetallic hydride with carbodiimides, affording C3-symmetric complexes with three heteroleptic magnesium mixed β-diketiminate/amidinate moieties. The hydride-bridged heterotrimetallic complex underwent dehydrogenation reaction with phenyl acetylene to produce an acetylide-bridged [Mg-Ni-Mg] complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xizhou Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS, and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS, and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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11
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Ishihara K, Araki Y, Tada M, Takayama T, Sakai Y, Sameera WMC, Ohki Y. Synthesis of Dinuclear Mo-Fe Hydride Complexes and Catalytic Silylation of N 2. Chemistry 2020; 26:9537-9546. [PMID: 32180271 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two transition-metal atoms bridged by hydrides may represent a useful structural motif for N2 activation by molecular complexes and the enzyme active site. In this study, dinuclear MoIV -FeII complexes with bridging hydrides, CpR Mo(PMe3 )(H)(μ-H)3 FeCp* (2 a; CpR =Cp*=C5 Me5 , 2 b; CpR =C5 Me4 H), were synthesized via deprotonation of CpR Mo(PMe3 )H5 (1 a; CpR =Cp*, 1 b; CpR =C5 Me4 H) by Cp*FeN(SiMe3 )2 , and they were characterized by spectroscopy and crystallography. These Mo-Fe complexes reveal the shortest Mo-Fe distances ever reported (2.4005(3) Å for 2 a and 2.3952(3) Å for 2 b), and the Mo-Fe interactions were analyzed by computational studies. Removal of the terminal Mo-H hydride in 2 a-2 b by [Ph3 C]+ in THF led to the formation of cationic THF adducts [CpR Mo(PMe3 )(THF)(μ-H)3 FeCp*]+ (3 a; CpR =Cp*, 3 b; CpR =C5 Me4 H). Further reaction of 3 a with LiPPh2 gave rise to a phosphido-bridged complex Cp*Mo(PMe3 )(μ-H)(μ-PPh2 )FeCp* (4). A series of Mo-Fe complexes were subjected to catalytic silylation of N2 in the presence of Na and Me3 SiCl, furnishing up to 129±20 equiv of N(SiMe3 )3 per molecule of 2 b. Mechanism of the catalytic cycle was analyzed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuna Araki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takayama
- Department of Chemistry, Daido University, Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-8530, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Daido University, Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-8530, Japan
| | - W M C Sameera
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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12
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Nährig F, Gemmecker G, Chung JY, Hütchen P, Lauk S, Klein MP, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Sitzmann H, Thiel WR. Complexes of Platinum Group Elements Containing the Intrinsically Chiral Cyclopentadienide Ligand (CpC)−1. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nährig
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerd Gemmecker
- Technische Universität München, BNMRZ, Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jae-Yeon Chung
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick Hütchen
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sergej Lauk
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias P. Klein
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Helmut Sitzmann
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Muhr M, Hornung J, Weßing J, Jandl C, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Formation of a Propeller-Shaped Ni 4Ga 3 Cluster Supported by Transmetalation of Cp* from Ga to Ni. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5086-5092. [PMID: 32191447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of GaCp* toward different Ni0 olefin complexes is investigated. The reaction of GaCp* with [Ni(cdt)] (cdt = all-trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene) leads to simple adduct formation and the 18 valence electron (ve) compound [Ni(GaCp*)(cdt)] (1). In contrast, [Ni2(dvds)3] (dvds = 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane) is converted to the undercoordinated and highly reactive 16 ve complex [Ni(GaCp*)(dvds)] (2), which represents an intermediate in the formation of the propeller-shaped M7 cluster [Ni4Ga3](Cp*)3(dvds)2 (3). Extensive characterization of the latter compound by experimental and computational means reveals the Cp* transfer from Ga to Ni. Therefore, the title compound can be best expressed by the structural formula [(μ2-GaCp*)(Ni2)(μ2-GaNiCp*)2(dvds)2]. The flexible dvds ligands stabilize this arrangement via alkene-Ni and O-Ga interactions. Furthermore, compound 2 exhibits a fast GaCp* ligand exchange with external GaCp*, which is rather unexpected for the [TM(ECp*)a] compounds; they usually do not undergo substitution reactions with two electron donor ligands like CO, phosphines, or GaCp*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Jana Weßing
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
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A hexagonal planar transition-metal complex. Nature 2019; 574:390-393. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Shoshani MM, Semeniuchenko V, Johnson SA. Dismantling of Vinyl Ethers by Pentanuclear [(iPr 3 P)Ni] 5 H 6 : Facile Cooperative C-O, C-C and C-H Activation Pathways. Chemistry 2018; 24:14282-14289. [PMID: 29979825 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The [(iPr3 P)Ni]5 H6 cluster (1) and H2 C=CHOtBu react at room temperature to form the new pentanuclear NiH carbide [(iPr3 P)Ni]5 H4 (C)(CO) (3), along with an equivalent of isobutylene. This transformation requires the activation of multiple unreactive bonds, including C-H, C-C, and C(sp3 )-O bond cleavage. Analysis of the reaction mixture by 1 H NMR revealed the production of two additional paramagnetic species, assigned as [(iPr3 P)Ni]4 H4 (C-CH3 )NiOtBu (4 a) and [(iPr3 P)Ni]4 H4 (C-CH2 OtBu)NiOtBu (5 a), which arise from C(sp2 )-O bond cleavage and CH bond rearrangements. The reaction of 1 with H2 C=CHOSiMe2 CH2 Ph produced the isolable 4 a analogue [(iPr3 P)4 Ni5 ]H4 (CCH3 )(OSiMe2 CH2 Ph) (4 c). An isolable analogue of 5 a was obtained from the reaction of 1 with H2 C=CHOAd (Ad=1-admantyl), which produced [(iPr3 P)4 Ni5 ]H4 (CCH2 OAd)(OAd) (5 d). The utilization of both cluster faces and vertices for bonding substrate fragments in these transformations demonstrates the remarkable flexibility of the robust Ni5 H4 core in the cooperative activation of multiple C-O, C-C and C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Shoshani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Volodymyr Semeniuchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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