1
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Lourenço DL, Fernandes AC. Reduction of sulfoxides catalyzed by the commercially available manganese complex MnBr(CO) 5. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3746-3751. [PMID: 38652042 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A new methodology for the reduction of a wide variety of aliphatic and aromatic sulfoxides catalyzed by the air-stable, cheap and commercially available manganese catalyst MnBr(CO)5 with excellent yields is reported in this work. The catalytic system MnBr(CO)5/PhSiH3 is highly chemoselective, allowing the effective reduction of the SO bond in the presence of different functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Lourenço
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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2
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Sun H, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang F, Huang X, Sun C, Huang F. Mechanistic insights of electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction by Mn complexes: synergistic effects of the ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1663-1672. [PMID: 38168800 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic mechanisms of CO2 reduction catalyzed by pyridine-oxazoline (pyrox)-based Mn catalysts were investigated by DFT calculations. In-depth comparative analyses of pyrox-based and bipyridine-based Mn complexes were carried out. C-OH cleavage is the rate-determining step for both the protonation-first path and the reduction-first path. The free energy of CO2 activation (ΔG1) and the electrons donated by CO ligands in this step are effective descriptors in regulating the C-OH cleavage barrier. The reduction of carboxylate complex 6 (E6) is the potential-determining step for the reduction-first path. Meanwhile, for the protonation-first path, the initial generation (E2) or the regeneration (E8) of active catalyst might be potential-determining. Hirshfeld charge and orbital contribution analysis indicate that E6 is definitely based on the heterocyclic ligand and E2 is related to both the heterocyclic ligand and three CO ligands. Therefore, replacement of the CO ligand by a stronger electron donating ligand can effectively boost the catalytic activity of CO2 reduction without increasing the overpotential in the reduction-first path. This hypothesis is supported by the mechanism calculations of the Mn complex in which the axial CO ligand is replaced by a pyridine or PMe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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3
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Saha S, Doughty T, Banerjee D, Patel SK, Mallick D, Iyer ESS, Roy S, Mitra R. Electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO by a series of organometallic Re(I)-tpy complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15394-15411. [PMID: 37203345 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00441d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of organometallic Re(I)(L)(CO)3Br complexes with 4'-substituted terpyridine ligands (L) has been synthesised as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. The complexes' spectroscopic characterisation and computationally optimised geometry demonstrate a facial geometry around Re(I) with three cis COs and the terpyridine ligand coordinating in a bidentate mode. The effect of substitution on the 4'-position of terpyridine (Re1-5) on CO2 electroreduction was investigated and compared with a known Lehn-type catalyst, Re(I)(bpy)(CO)3Br (Re7). All complexes catalyse CO evolution in homogeneous organic media at moderate overpotentials (0.75-0.95 V) with faradaic yields of 62-98%. The electrochemical catalytic activity was further evaluated in the presence of three Brønsted acids to demonstrate the influence of the pKa of the proton sources. The TDDFT and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) studies showed combined charge transfer bands of ILCT and MLCT. Amongst the series, the Re-complex containing a ferrocenyl-substituted terpyridine ligand (Re5) shows an additional intra-ligand charge transfer band and was probed using UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Saha
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa 403401, India.
| | - Thomas Doughty
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7DL, UK.
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India.
| | - Sunil K Patel
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa 403401, India.
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India.
| | - E Siva Subramaniam Iyer
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa 403401, India.
| | - Souvik Roy
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7DL, UK.
| | - Raja Mitra
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Goa 403401, India.
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4
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Qing Y, Wu Q, He S, Zhang P, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Huang F, Li F, Chen L. Effects of proton tunneling distance on CO 2 reduction by Mn terpyridine species. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14309-14313. [PMID: 37779480 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report two manganese terpyridine dicarbonyl complexes, covalently attached to a proximal (1) or distal (2) amide moiety at the ortho position of the pendent phenyl ring as a proton relay. The isomer 1 achieves a turnover frequency (TOF) of 325 s-1 with a minor overpotential of ca. 200 mV. The performance ranks it among the most efficient molecular catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion, and it is ca.2 orders faster than isomer 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Qianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Shuanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
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5
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Cohen KY, Nedd DG, Evans R, Bocarsly AB. Mechanistic insights into CO 2 conversion to CO using cyano manganese complexes. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37183860 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Without the use of a photosensitizer, [Mn(bpy)(CO)3(CN)] (MnCN) can photochemically form [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]-, the active species for CO2 reduction. While cases of the axial X-ligand dissociating upon irradiation of fac-[M(N-N)(CO)3X] complexes (M = Mn or Re; N-N = bipyridine (bpy) ligand; X = halogen or pseudohalogen) are well documented, the axial cyanide ligand is retained when either [Mn(bpy)(CO)3(CN)] or [Mn(mesbpy)(CO)3(CN)], MnCN(mesbpy), are irradiated anaerobically. Infrared and UV-vis spectroscopies indicate the formation of [Mn(bpy)(CO)2(MeCN)(CN)] (s-MnCN) as the primary product during the irradiation of MnCN. An in-depth analysis of the photochemical mechanism for the formation of [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]- from MnCN is presented. MnCN(mesbpy) is too sterically hindered to undergo the same photochemical mechanism as MnCN. However, MnCN(mesbpy) is found to be electrocatalytically active for CO2 reduction to CO. Thus providing an interesting distinction between photochemical and electrochemical charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailyn Y Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Delaan G Nedd
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Andrew B Bocarsly
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
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6
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Chen W, Fan WY, Sohail M, Madrahimov ST, Bengali AA. Solubilizing Metal-Organic Frameworks for an In Situ IR-SEC Study of a CO 2 Reduction Catalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16593-16597. [PMID: 36943895 PMCID: PMC10848202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically assembled by bridging metal centers with organic linkers for various applications, including providing robust support for heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 reduction. In this study, we have demonstrated the solubilization of a MOF tethered to a CO2-reducing electrocatalyst and studied its fundamental electrochemistry in THF solvent using infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IR-SEC). The fundamental electrochemical properties of this immobilized catalyst were compared to that of its homogeneous counterpart. This approach provides a foundation for future experimental studies to bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmiao Chen
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
| | - Wai Yip Fan
- National
University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sherzod T. Madrahimov
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashfaq A. Bengali
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Liu C, Mei X, Han C, Gong X, Song P, Xu W. Tuning strategies and structure effects of electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Hellman AN, Intrator JA, Choate J, Velazquez DA, Marinescu SC. Primary- and secondary-sphere effects of amine substituent position on rhenium bipyridine electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Cohen KY, Evans R, Dulovic S, Bocarsly AB. Using Light and Electrons to Bend Carbon Dioxide: Developing and Understanding Catalysts for CO 2 Conversion to Fuels and Feedstocks. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:944-954. [PMID: 35290017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our global society generates an unwieldy amount of CO2 per unit time. Therefore, the capture of this greenhouse gas must involve a diverse set of strategies. One solution to this problem is the conversion of CO2 into a more useful chemical species. Again, a multiplicity of syntheses and products will be necessary. No matter how elegant the chemistry is, commercial markets often have little use for a small set of compounds made in tremendous yield. Following this reasoning, the Bocarsly Research Group seeks to develop new electrochemical and photochemical processes that may be of utility in the conversion of CO2 to organic compounds. We focus on investigating proton-coupled charge transfer mechanisms that produce both C1 and carbon-carbon bonded products (C2+).In early work, we considered the reduction of CO2 to formate at electrocatalytic indium and tin electrodes. These studies demonstrated the key role of surface oxides in catalyzing the reduction of CO2. This work generated efficient systems for the formation of formate and paved the way to studies using non-copper, intermetallic electrocatalysts for the generation of C2+ species. Most notable is the efficient formation of oxalate at an oxidized Cr3Ga electrode. Oxalate has recently been suggested as a potential nonfossil, alternate organic feedstock.Separately, we have focused on the electrocatalytic effects of pyridine on the reduction of CO2 in aqueous electrolyte. These studies demonstrated that electrodes that normally yield a low hydrogen overpotential (Pd and Pt) show suppressed H2 evolution and strongly enhanced activity for CO2 reduction in the presence of pyridinium. Methanol was observed to form in high Faradaic yield at low overpotential using this system. The 6-electron, 6-proton reduction of CO2 in the presence of pyridinium was intriguing, and significant effort was placed on understanding the mechanism of this reaction both on metal electrodes and on semiconducting photocathodes. P-GaP electrodes were found to provide exceptional behavior for the formation of methanol using only light as the energy source.The pyridinium studies highlighted the role of protons in the overall reduction of CO2, stimulating our interest in the chemistry of MnBr(bpy)(CO)3 and related compounds. This complex was reported to electrochemically reduce CO2 to CO. We saw these reports as an opportunity to study the detailed nature of the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism associated with CO2 reduction. Our investigation of this system revealed the role of hydrogen-bonding in CO2 reduction and pointed the way for the construction of a photochemical process for CO generation using a [(bpy)(CO)3Mn(CN)Mn(bpy)(CO)3]+ photocatalyst.Based on our studies to date, it appears likely that heterogeneous systems can be assembled to convert CO2 into products that are "beyond C2 products." This may open up new practical chemistry in the area of fossil-based replacements for both synthesis and fuels. Systems with pragmatic efficiencies are close to reality. Electrochemical reactors using heterogeneous electrocatalysts show the stability and product selectivity needed to generate industrial opportunities. Continued growth of mechanistic understanding is expected to facilitate the chemical design of cogent systems for the taming of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailyn Y. Cohen
- Frick Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Rebecca Evans
- Frick Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Stephanie Dulovic
- Frick Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrew B. Bocarsly
- Frick Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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10
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Gottwald D, Geidel C, Rüffer T, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H. Heterodi-, -tri- and -tetrametallic Transition-Metal-Complexes. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Nie W, McCrory C. Strategies for Breaking Molecular Scaling Relationships for the Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6993-7010. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising strategy for converting CO2 to fuels and value-added chemicals using renewable energy sources. Molecular electrocatalysts show promise for the selective conversion...
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12
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Madsen MR, Rønne MH, Heuschen M, Golo D, Ahlquist MSG, Skrydstrup T, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Promoting Selective Generation of Formic Acid from CO 2 Using Mn(bpy)(CO) 3Br as Electrocatalyst and Triethylamine/Isopropanol as Additives. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20491-20500. [PMID: 34813304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Urgent solutions are needed to efficiently convert the greenhouse gas CO2 into higher-value products. In this work, fac-Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is employed as electrocatalyst in reductive CO2 conversion. It is shown that product selectivity can be shifted from CO toward HCOOH using appropriate additives, i.e., Et3N along with iPrOH. A crucial aspect of the strategy is to outrun the dimer-generating parent-child reaction involving fac-Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br and [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]- and instead produce the Mn hydride intermediate. Preferentially, this is done at the first reduction wave to enable formation of HCOOH at an overpotential as low as 260 mV and with faradaic efficiency of 59 ± 1%. The latter may be increased to 71 ± 3% at an overpotential of 560 mV, using 2 M concentrations of both Et3N and iPrOH. The nature of the amine additive is crucial for product selectivity, as the faradaic efficiency for HCOOH formation decreases to 13 ± 4% if Et3N is replaced with Et2NH. The origin of this difference lies in the ability of Et3N/iPrOH to establish an equilibrium solution of isopropyl carbonate and CO2, while with Et2NH/iPrOH, formation of the diethylcarbamic acid is favored. According to density-functional theory calculations, CO2 in the former case can take part favorably in the catalytic cycle, while this is less opportune in the latter case because of the CO2-to-carbamic acid conversion. This work presents a straightforward procedure for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to HCOOH by combining an easily synthesized manganese catalyst with commercially available additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Madsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Magnus H Rønne
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marvin Heuschen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dusanka Golo
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten S G Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen U Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Rønne MH, Madsen MR, Skrydstrup T, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Mechanistic Elucidation of Dimer Formation and Strategies for Its Suppression in Electrochemical Reduction of
Fac
‐Mn(bpy)(CO)
3
Br. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus H. Rønne
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Monica R. Madsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Steen U. Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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14
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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15
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Nie W, Tarnopol DE, McCrory CCL. Enhancing a Molecular Electrocatalyst’s Activity for CO2 Reduction by Simultaneously Modulating Three Substituent Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3764-3778. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Nie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Drew E. Tarnopol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Charles C. L. McCrory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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16
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Barrett JA, Miller CJ, Kubiak CP. Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Using Group VII Metal Catalysts. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Henke WC, Kerr TA, Sheridan TR, Henling LM, Takase MK, Day VW, Gray HB, Blakemore JD. Synthesis, structural studies, and redox chemistry of bimetallic [Mn(CO) 3] and [Re(CO) 3] complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2746-2756. [PMID: 33459317 PMCID: PMC7983307 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03666h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese ([Mn(CO)3]) and rhenium tricarbonyl ([Re(CO)3]) complexes represent a workhorse family of compounds with applications in a variety of fields. Here, the coordination, structural, and electrochemical properties of a family of mono- and bimetallic [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] complexes are explored. In particular, a novel heterobimetallic complex featuring both [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] units supported by 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm) has been synthesized, structurally characterized, and compared to the analogous monomeric and homobimetallic complexes. To enable a comprehensive structural analysis for the series of complexes, we have carried out new single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of seven compounds: Re(CO)3Cl(bpm), anti-[{Re(CO3)Cl}2(bpm)], Mn(CO)3Br(bpz) (bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine), Mn(CO)3Br(bpm), syn- and anti-[{Mn(CO3)Br}2(bpm)], and syn-[Mn(CO3)Br(bpm)Re(CO)3Br]. Electrochemical studies reveal that the bimetallic complexes are reduced at much more positive potentials (ΔE≥ 380 mV) compared to their monometallic analogues. This redox behavior is consistent with introduction of the second tricarbonyl unit which inductively withdraws electron density from the bridging, redox-active bpm ligand, resulting in more positive reduction potentials. [Re(CO3)Cl]2(bpm) was reduced with cobaltocene; the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the product exhibits an isotropic signal (near g = 2) characteristic of a ligand-centered bpm radical. Our findings highlight the facile synthesis as well as the structural characteristics and unique electrochemical behavior of this family of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade C Henke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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18
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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19
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Chapovetsky A, Liu JJ, Welborn M, Luna JM, Do T, Haiges R, Miller III TF, Marinescu SC. Electronically Modified Cobalt Aminopyridine Complexes Reveal an Orthogonal Axis for Catalytic Optimization for CO2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13709-13718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Chapovetsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew Welborn
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John M. Luna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas F. Miller III
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Smaranda C. Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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20
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Henke WC, Hopkins JA, Anderson ML, Stiel JP, Day VW, Blakemore JD. 4,5-Diazafluorene and 9,9'-Dimethyl-4,5-Diazafluorene as Ligands Supporting Redox-Active Mn and Ru Complexes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25143189. [PMID: 32668660 PMCID: PMC7396985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
4,5-diazafluorene (daf) and 9,9’-dimethyl-4,5-diazafluorene (Me2daf) are structurally similar to the important ligand 2,2’-bipyridine (bpy), but significantly less is known about the redox and spectroscopic properties of metal complexes containing Me2daf as a ligand than those containing bpy. New complexes Mn(CO)3Br(daf) (2), Mn(CO)3Br(Me2daf) (3), and [Ru(Me2daf)3](PF6)2 (5) have been prepared and fully characterized to understand the influence of the Me2daf framework on their chemical and electrochemical properties. Structural data for 2, 3, and 5 from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveal a distinctive widening of the daf and Me2daf chelate angles in comparison to the analogous Mn(CO)3(bpy)Br (1) and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (4) complexes. Electronic absorption data for these complexes confirm the electronic similarity of daf, Me2daf, and bpy, as spectra are dominated in each case by metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in the visible region. However, the electrochemical properties of 2, 3, and 5 reveal that the redox-active Me2daf framework in 3 and 5 undergoes reduction at a slightly more negative potential than that of bpy in 1 and 4. Taken together, the results indicate that Me2daf could be useful for preparation of a variety of new redox-active compounds, as it retains the useful redox-active nature of bpy but lacks the acidic, benzylic C–H bonds that can induce secondary reactivity in complexes bearing daf.
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21
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Kron KJ, Gomez SJ, Mao Y, Cave RJ, Mallikarjun Sharada S. Computational Analysis of Electron Transfer Kinetics for CO 2 Reduction with Organic Photoredox Catalysts. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5359-5368. [PMID: 32491858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a fundamental description of the electron transfer (ET) step from substituted oligo(p-phenylene) (OPP) radical anions to CO2, with the larger goal of assessing the viability of underexplored, organic photoredox routes for utilization of anthropogenic CO2. This work varies the electrophilicity of para-substituents to OPP and probes the dependence of rate coefficients and interfragment interactions on the substituent Hammett parameter, σp, using constrained density functional theory (CDFT) and energy decomposition analysis (EDA). Large electronic couplings across substituents indicates an adiabatic electron transfer process for reactants at contact. As one might intuitively expect, free energy changes dominate trends in ET rate coefficients in most cases, and rates increase with substituent electron-donating ability. However, we observe an unexpected dip in rate coefficients for the most electron-donating groups, due to the combined impact of flattening free energies and a steep increase in reorganization energies. Our analysis shows that, with decreasing σp, flattening OPP LUMO levels lower the marginal increase in free energy. EDA reveals trends in electrostatics and charge transfer interactions between the catalyst and substrate fragments that influence free energy changes across substituents. Reorganization energies do not exhibit a direct dependence on σp and are largely similar across systems, with the exception of substituents containing lone pairs of electrons that exhibit significant deformation upon electron transfer. Our study therefore suggests that while a wide range of ET rates are observed, there is an upper limit to rate enhancements achievable by only tuning the substituent electrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareesa J Kron
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Samantha J Gomez
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Bravo Medical Magnet High School, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert J Cave
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Shaama Mallikarjun Sharada
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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22
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Remya GS, Suresh CH. Substituent Effect Parameters: Extending the Applications to Organometallic Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1028-1035. [PMID: 32181564 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Typically, metal complexes are constituted of an acceptor metal ion and one or more Iigands containing the donor atoms. Accordingly, the properties of a metal complex are equally dependent on the nature of the metal ion and the ligands. Minute structural variations in the ligand will may result in linear changes in the respective energetic parameters and such linear relationships have paramount importance in organometallic chemistry. The variation in ligands is virtually limitless and substantial because of the extent of organic chemistry available for the modelling of desirable ligands, apart from the variation in metal ions. Anyhow, there is still a need for new parameters for the design and quantification of new ligands which in turn leads to the synthesis of metal complexes with possibly predictable chemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that quantum chemically derived molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) parameters can be listed as one of the superior quantifiers in this regard, which can act as an effective ligand electronic parameter. The interaction between the ligand part and metal-containing part will be crucial in assessing the reactivity of organometallic complexes. Here we are applying MESP based substituent constants derived from substituted benzenes to forecast the interaction energies in (pyr* )W(CO)5 , (NHC* )Mo(CO)5 and (η6 -arene* )Cr(CO)3 complexes. Ligands and metal ions are varied in each case for better understanding and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha S Remya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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23
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Pikoli S, Hosten E, Abrahams A. The effect of ligand design on the structural and photophysical properties of Nd(III) complexes with Schiff bases of the [(phenylimino)methyl]phenol-type. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1750604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibongile Pikoli
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Eric Hosten
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Abubak’r Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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24
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Rønne MH, Cho D, Madsen MR, Jakobsen JB, Eom S, Escoudé É, Hammershøj HCD, Nielsen DU, Pedersen SU, Baik MH, Skrydstrup T, Daasbjerg K. Ligand-Controlled Product Selectivity in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Manganese Bipyridine Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4265-4275. [PMID: 32022558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is a promising tool for utilizing carbon dioxide as a feedstock in the chemical industry. However, controlling the selectivity for different CO2 reduction products remains a major challenge. We report a series of manganese carbonyl complexes with elaborated bipyridine or phenanthroline ligands that can reduce CO2 to either formic acid, if the ligand structure contains strategically positioned tertiary amines, or CO, if the amine groups are absent in the ligand or are placed far from the metal center. The amine-modified complexes are benchmarked to be among the most active catalysts for reducing CO2 to formic acid, with a maximum turnover frequency of up to 5500 s-1 at an overpotential of 630 mV. The conversion even works at overpotentials as low as 300 mV, although through an alternative mechanism. Mechanistically, the formation of a Mn-hydride species aided by in situ protonated amine groups was determined to be a key intermediate by cyclic voltammetry, 1H NMR, DFT calculations, and infrared spectroelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus H Rønne
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dasol Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Monica R Madsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Joakim B Jakobsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Seunghwan Eom
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Émile Escoudé
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian D Hammershøj
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dennis U Nielsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen U Pedersen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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25
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Henke WC, Otolski CJ, Moore WNG, Elles CG, Blakemore JD. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of [Mn(CO) 3] Complexes: Tuning the Kinetics of Light-Driven CO Release and Solvent Binding. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2178-2187. [PMID: 31990533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese tricarbonyl complexes are promising catalysts for CO2 reduction, but complexes in this family are often photosensitive and decompose rapidly upon exposure to visible light. In this report, synthetic and photochemical studies probe the initial steps of light-driven speciation for Mn(CO)3(Rbpy)Br complexes bearing a range of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands (Rbpy, where R = tBu, H, CF3, NO2). Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements for Mn(CO)3(Rbpy)Br coordination compounds with R = tBu, H, and CF3 in acetonitrile reveal ultrafast loss of a CO ligand on the femtosecond time scale, followed by solvent coordination on the picosecond time scale. The Mn(CO)3(NO2bpy)Br complex is unique among the four compounds in having a longer-lived excited state that does not undergo CO release or subsequent solvent coordination. The kinetics of photolysis and solvent coordination for light-sensitive complexes depend on the electronic properties of the disubstituted bipyridyl ligand. The results indicate that both metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and dissociative ligand-field (d-d) excited states play a role in the ultrafast photochemistry. Taken together, the findings suggest that more robust catalysts could be prepared with appropriately designed complexes that avoid crossing between the excited states that drive photochemical CO loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade C Henke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Christopher J Otolski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - William N G Moore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1567 Irving Hill Road , Lawrence , Kansas 66045-7582 , United States
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26
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Kuo HY, Tignor SE, Lee TS, Ni D, Park JE, Scholes GD, Bocarsly AB. Reduction-induced CO dissociation by a [Mn(bpy)(CO) 4][SbF 6] complex and its relevance in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:891-900. [PMID: 31859334 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04150h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
[Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br] is recognized as a benchmark electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to CO, with the doubly reduced [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]- proposed to be the active species in the catalytic mechanism. The reaction of this intermediate with CO2 and two protons is expected to produce the tetracarbonyl cation, [Mn(bpy)(CO)4]+, thereby closing the catalytic cycle. However, this species has not been experimentally observed. In this study, [Mn(bpy)(CO)4][SbF6] (1) was directly synthesized and found to be an efficient electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 to CO in the presence of H2O. Complex 1 was characterized using X-ray crystallography as well as IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The redox activity of 1 was determined using cyclic voltammetry and compared with that of benchmark manganese complexes, e.g., [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br] (2) and [Mn(bpy)(CO)3(MeCN)][PF6] (3). Infrared spectroscopic analyses indicated that CO dissociation occurs after a single-electron reduction of complex 1, producing a [Mn(bpy)(CO)3(MeCN)]+ species. Complex 1 was experimentally verified as both a precatalyst and an on-cycle intermediate in homogeneous Mn-based electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ya Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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27
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Fabry DC, Koizumi H, Ghosh D, Yamazaki Y, Takeda H, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. A Ru(II)–Mn(I) Supramolecular Photocatalyst for CO2 Reduction. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Fabry
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Koizumi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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28
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Shipp JD, Carson H, Spall SJP, Parker SC, Chekulaev D, Jones N, Mel'nikov MY, Robertson CC, Meijer AJHM, Weinstein JA. Sterically hindered Re- and Mn-CO 2 reduction catalysts for solar energy conversion. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4230-4243. [PMID: 32104876 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel molecular Re and Mn tricarbonyl complexes bearing a bipyridyl ligand functionalised with sterically hindering substituents in the 6,6'-position, [M(HPEAB)(CO)3(X)] (M/X = Re/Cl, Mn/Br; HPEAB = 6,6'-{N-(4-hexylphenyl)-N(ethyl)-amido}-2,2'-bipyridine) have been synthesised, fully characterised including by single crystal X-ray crystallography, and their propensity to act as catalysts for the electrochemical and photochemical reduction of CO2 has been established. Controlled potential electrolysis showed that the catalysts are effective for electrochemical CO2-reduction, yielding CO as the product (in MeCN for the Re-complex, in 95 : 5 (v/v) MeCN : H2O mixture for the Mn-complex). The recyclability of the catalysts was demonstrated through replenishment of CO2 within solution. The novel catalysts had similar reduction potentials to previously reported complexes of similar structure, and results of the foot-of-the-wave analysis showed comparable maximum turnover rates, too. The tentative mechanisms for activation of the pre-catalysts were proposed on the basis of IR-spectroelectrochemical data aided by DFT calculations. It is shown that the typical dimerisation of the Mn-catalyst was prevented by incorporation of sterically hindering groups, whilst the Re-catalyst undergoes the usual mechanism following chloride ion loss. No photochemical CO2 reduction was observed for the rhenium complex in the presence of a sacrificial donor (triethylamine), which was attributed to the short triplet excited state lifetime (3.6 ns), insufficient for diffusion-controlled electron transfer. Importantly, [Mn(HPEAB)(CO)3Br] can act as a CO2 reduction catalyst when photosensitised by a zinc porphyrin under red light irradiation (λ > 600 nm) in MeCN : H2O (95 : 5); there has been only one reported example of photoactivating Mn-catalysts with porphyrins in this manner. Thus, this work demonstrates the wide utility of sterically protected Re- and Mn-diimine carbonyl catalysts, where the rate and yield of CO-production can be adjusted based on the metal centre and catalytic conditions, with the advantage of suppressing unwanted side-reactions through steric protection of the vacant coordination site.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Heather Carson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | | | - Simon C Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | | | - Natalie Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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29
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Pordel S, White JK. Impact of Mn(I) photoCORM ligand set on photochemical intermediate formation during visible light-activated CO release. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Kurtz DA, Dhakal B, McDonald LT, Nichol GS, Felton GAN. Inter-ligand intramolecular through-space anisotropic shielding in a series of manganese carbonyl phosphorous compounds. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14926-14935. [PMID: 31559411 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight novel manganese carbonyl complexes of the type [Mn(bpy-tBu)(CO)3PR3]+ (bpy-tBu = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; R = Cy, nBu, Me, p-tol, Ph, p-F-Ph, OEt, and OMe), have been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, UV/Vis, HRMS and CV. X-ray crystallographic structures of [Mn(bpy-tBu)(CO)3(PCy3)]+ and [Mn(bpy-tBu)(CO)3(PPh3)]+ were obtained. The short Mn-P bond length allows for close proximity of the bipyridine ligand and the phosphine R groups, resulting in strong anisotropic shielding of certain bipyridine protons by aryl R groups (reordering the bipyridine 1H NMR pattern in the most extreme case). Electrochemical analysis of the compound series reveals that while each is a competent precatalyst for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (to carbon monoxide), the lability of the PR3 ligand results in similar catalytic performance amongst the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Kurtz
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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31
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McKinnon M, Belkina V, Ngo KT, Ertem MZ, Grills DC, Rochford J. An Investigation of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Using a Manganese Tricarbonyl Biquinoline Complex. Front Chem 2019; 7:628. [PMID: 31608271 PMCID: PMC6771302 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of this study [fac-Mn(bqn)(CO)3(CH3CN)]+ (bqn = 2,2′-biquinoline), is of particular interest because the bqn ligand exhibits both steric and electronic influence over the fundamental redox properties of the complex and, consequently, its related catalytic properties with respect to the activation of CO2. While not a particularly efficient catalyst for CO2 to CO conversion, in-situ generation and activity measurements of the [fac-Mn(bqn)(CO)3]− active catalyst allows for a better understanding of ligand design at the Mn center. By making direct comparisons to the related 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen) ligands via a combination of voltammetry, infrared spectroelectrochemistry, controlled potential electrolysis and computational analysis, the role of steric vs. electronic influences on the nucleophilicity of Mn-based CO2 reduction electrocatalysts is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan McKinnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Veronika Belkina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ken T Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehmed Z Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Rochford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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