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Stieglitz L, Geiger C, Großmann PF, Kränzlein M, Rodewald K, Müller-Buschbaum P, Rieger B. Fiber Spinning of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Isotactic Polypropylene: Melt Spinning and Melt Drawing. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300045. [PMID: 36786339 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, this work reports fiber spinning of tailored isotactic polypropylene (iPP) by melt spinning and melt drawing, yielding an adjustable diameter of 40-400 μm. The crystallinity of all obtained fibers with a molecular weight between 330-1400 kg/mol is increased by thermal annealing and investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The potential of ultrahigh molecular weight iPP (UHMW-iPP) fibers compared to fibers manufactured from industrially available iPP becomes evident when the mechanical performance is compared: fibers spun from UHMW-iPP (1400 kg/mol) enable a tensile strength of up to 400 MPa, whereas commercially available fibers (330 kg/mol) show a tensile strength of approximately 50 MPa. However, UHMW-iPP exhibits a short timeframe, in which extrusion is possible, thereafter extrusion rupture occurs, probably induced by an increased melt viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Stieglitz
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christina Geiger
- TUM School of Natural Sciences Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Paula F Großmann
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Katia Rodewald
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Sciences Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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2
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Bischoff IA, Seydo Meme R, Bhatti MS, Morgenstern B, Schäfer A. Bis(indenyl)tetrelocenophanes: Introducing ansa-Indenyl Ligand Systems to the p-Block. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga-Alexandra Bischoff
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Ronay Seydo Meme
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Muniba Shahzad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
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3
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Stieglitz L, Lenz TM, Saurwein A, Rieger B. Perfectly Isotactic Polypropylene upon In Situ Activation of Ultrarigid meso Hafnocenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210797. [PMID: 36125844 PMCID: PMC9828379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For more than 40 years, the synthesis of C2 -symmetric indenyl-based racemic metallocenes for the isoselective polymerization of propylene relied on a tedious separation of the produced rac and meso isomers. Status quo, latter are considered wasteful as they produce atactic polypropylene (aPP) rather than isotactic polypropylene (iPP) if activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO). Unexpectedly, the in situ activation of meso hafnocene I yielded perfectly isotactic polypropylene. We verified an isomerization of the meso compound to the corresponding racemic one upon triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) addition via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and established an easy and convenient polymerization protocol, enabling productivities comparable to pure rac-I if applied to pure meso-I or a mixture of both isomers. With this established isomerization protocol, the potential yield of iPP was enhanced by more than 400 %. This protocol was also shown to be applicable to other meso hafnocenes and some initial mechanistic insights were received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Stieglitz
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieCatalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Tim M. Lenz
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieCatalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Andreas Saurwein
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieCatalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieCatalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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4
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López-Barrón CR, Lambic NS, Throckmorton JA, Schaefer JJ, Smith A, Raushel FN, Lin TP. One-Pot Synthesis of High-Melt-Strength Isotactic Polypropylene Ionomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikola S. Lambic
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | | | | | - Avery Smith
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Frank N. Raushel
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Tzu-Pin Lin
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
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5
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Propylene Polymerization and Deactivation Processes with Isoselective {Cp/Flu} Zirconocene Catalysts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrially relevant single-site precatalysts used to produce isotactic polypropylene (iPP) include C2-symmetric {SBI} and C1-symmetric {Cp/Flu} complexes of group 4 metals. While the latter can produce iPPs with a higher degree of isotacticity, they also suffer from poor productivity compared to their {SBI} counterparts. Several causes for this trend have been suggested—2,1-Regioinsertions are frequently pointed out, as they are suspected to drive the catalyst into a dormant state. While this event does not seem to significantly impact the productivity of {SBI} systems, the influence of these regioerror is poorly documented for isoselective {Cp/Flu} precatalysts. To address this issue, new Ph2X(Cp)(Flu) (Ph2X = Ph2C, FluC, Ph2Si) proligands (2a–k) and some of the corresponding dichlorozirconocenes (3a–h,k) were synthesized. These new compounds were characterized and tested in homogeneous propylene polymerization at 60 °C and the amounts of regioerrors in the resulting polymers were examined by 13C NMR spectroscopy. A possible correlation between poor productivity and a high number of regioerrors was investigated and is discussed. Furthermore, a C-H activation process in the bulky nBu3C substituent upon activation of 4c (the dimethylated analog of 3c) by B(C6F5)3 has been evidenced by NMR; DFT calculations support this C-H activation as a deactivation mechanism.
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6
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Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Zaccaria F, Urciuoli G, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ, Uborsky DV, Ehm C, Cipullo R. Hafnium vs. Zirconium, the Perpetual Battle for Supremacy in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization: A Simple Matter of Electrophilicity? Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2621. [PMID: 34451163 PMCID: PMC8400551 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of C2-symmetric ansa-hafnocene catalysts for isotactic polypropylene typically deteriorates at increasing temperature much faster than that of their zirconium analogues. Herein, we analyze in detail a set of five Hf/Zr metallocene pairs-including some of the latest generation catalysts-at medium- to high-polymerization temperature. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for stereoselectivity, the ratio allyl/vinyl chain ends, and 2,1/3,1 misinsertions in the polymer indicate a strong dependence of polymerization performance on electrophilicity of the catalyst, which is a function of the ligand framework and the metal center. Based on this insight, the stronger performance decline of hafnocenes is ascribed to electrophilicity-dependent stabilization effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Samsonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Universitaà di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaia Urciuoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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7
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Goryunov GP, Sharikov MI, Iashin AN, Canich JAM, Mattler SJ, Hagadorn JR, Uborsky DV, Voskoboynikov AZ. Rigid Postmetallocene Catalysts for Propylene Polymerization: Ligand Design Prevents the Temperature-Dependent Loss of Stereo- and Regioselectivities. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei N. Iashin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jo Ann M. Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Sarah J. Mattler
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - John R. Hagadorn
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Kulyabin PS, Goryunov GP, Sharikov MI, Izmer VV, Vittoria A, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ, Ehm C, Cipullo R, Uborsky DV. ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts for Isotactic-Selective Propene Polymerization at High Temperature: A Long Story Finds a Happy Ending. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7641-7647. [PMID: 33979148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Absolute rigidity is rare in the "soft" world of organometallics. Here we introduce two cyclopenta[a]triptycyl ansa-zirconocene catalysts for isotactic-selective propene polymerization, designed by means of an integrated high-throughput experimentation/quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling approach. An ultrarigid ligand precisely wrapped around the Zr center enforces an enzyme-like lock and key fit, effectively hampering undesired reactive events, even at high temperature. Stereodefective units are hardly detectable by 13C NMR in the polymer produced at 120 °C; this corresponds to an enantioselectivity exceeding 6-7 kcal/mol: i.e., less than 1 propene misinsertion every 4000 (and at room temperature, one every ∼40000!).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Kulyabin PS, Izmer VV, Goryunov GP, Sharikov MI, Kononovich DS, Uborsky DV, Canich JAM, Voskoboynikov AZ. Multisubstituted C2-symmetric ansa-metallocenes bearing nitrogen heterocycles: influence of substituents on catalytic properties in propylene polymerization at higher temperatures. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6170-6180. [PMID: 33871002 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work we systematically studied the effects of modifications of substituents on the performance of the isospecific zirconocene-based catalyst family, Me2Si(2-Alk-4-(N-carbazolyl)Ind)ZrX2 (X = Cl, Me), wherein the progenitor was shown to be particularly suitable in high-temperature propylene polymerization processes. In order to obtain the required zirconocenes, we developed a novel synthetic pathway to 4-(N-carbazolyl)indenes through Pd-catalyzed cyclizations of 2,2'-dibromobiaryls with 4-aminoindenes, which were synthesized via Buchwald-Hartwig reaction or electrophilic amination of 4-indenyl Grignard reagents with trimethylsilylmethyl azide. By a number of examples, the anion-promoted rac-to-meso isomerization method was shown to work reliably well for preparation of rac-ZrMe2-complexes. Certain zirconocenes among the 21 tested in propylene polymerization at 70 and 100 °C under MAO or borate activation outperformed the parent catalyst in molecular weight capability, regio- or stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Mikhail I Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Jo Ann M Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, USA.
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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10
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Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Kulyabin PS, Di Girolamo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. A Systematic Study of the Temperature-Induced Performance Decline of ansa-Metallocenes for iPP. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Ehm C, Mingione A, Vittoria A, Zaccaria F, Cipullo R, Busico V. High-Throughput Experimentation in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis: Facing the Challenges of Miniaturization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- HTExplore s.r.l., Via R. Morandi 12, 80124 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- HTExplore s.r.l., Via R. Morandi 12, 80124 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Di Girolamo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. An Integrated High Throughput Experimentation/Predictive QSAR Modeling Approach to ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts for Isotactic Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1005. [PMID: 32349220 PMCID: PMC7284373 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to heterogenous Ziegler-Natta systems (ZNS), ansa-metallocene catalysts for the industrial production of isotactic polypropylene feature a higher cost-to-performance balance. In particular, the C2-symmetric bis(indenyl) ansa-zirconocenes disclosed in the 1990s are complex to prepare, less stereo- and/or regioselective than ZNS, and lose performance at practical application temperatures. The golden era of these complexes, though, was before High Throughput Experimentation (HTE) could contribute significantly to their evolution. Herein, we illustrate a Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationship (QSAR) model trained on a robust and highly accurate HTE database. The clear-box QSAR model utilizes, in particular, a limited number of chemically intuitive 3D geometric descriptors that screen various regions of space in and around the catalytic pocket in a modular way thus enabling to quantify individual substituent contributions. The main focus of the paper is on the methodology, which should be of rather broad applicability in molecular organometallic catalysis. Then again, it is worth emphasizing that the specific application reported here led us to identify in a comparatively short time novel zirconocene catalysts rivaling or even outperforming all previous homologues which strongly indicates that the metallocene story is not over yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg V. Samsonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. On the limits of tuning comonomer affinity of ‘Spaleck-type’ ansa-zirconocenes in ethene/1-hexene copolymerization: a high-throughput experimentation/QSAR approach. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10162-10172. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A change in rate-limiting step imparts a natural limit for comonomer affinity of C2-symmetric zirconocenes.
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