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Doraghi F, Karimtabar MS, Ghasemi M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Dual C-H Activation/Annulation Reactions Involving Internal Alkynes. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400069. [PMID: 38984737 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Recently, transition metal-catalyzed ortho-C-H bond activation/annulations involving two internal alkyne molecules have been extensively used to synthesize highly substituted polycyclic aromatic scaffolds. Such reactions have emerged as a powerful atom and step-economical strategy for the assembly of multifunctional bioactive molecules. In this context, we focused on the recent achievements of dual C-H bond activation/annulations, as well as functionalization reactions involving diaryl/alkyl alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Doraghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Karimtabar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center (NMSRC), University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Sulanate of, Oman
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Li S, Lv S, Yang Y, Zhu P, Zhao D, Zeng MH. Mechanistic insights into an NH 4OAc-promoted imine dance in Rh-catalysed multicomponent double C-H annulations through an N-retention/exchange dual channel. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13446-13452. [PMID: 38033904 PMCID: PMC10686027 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new and understanding multicomponent reactions (MCRs) is an appealing but challenging task. Herein, Rh(iii)-catalyzed multicomponent double C-H annulations of cyclic diimines (or diketones and acetone), alkynes, and ammonium acetate to assemble functionalized 1,1'-biisoquinolines and C-bridged 1,1'-bisisoquinolines with controllable 14N/15N editing in one shot has been developed. Through a combination of isotopic-labeling (2H, 18O, and 15N) experiments, crystallography, and time-dependent ESI-MS, the reaction process was studied in detail. Ammonium acetate accounts for two rounds of Hofmann elimination and iminization, thus leading to an unprecedented imine dance, cyclic imine → N-alkenyl imine → NH imine. The N-alkenyl imine can immediately guide a C-H annulation (N-retention channel), and some of it is converted into NH-imine to trigger another annulation (N-exchange channel). The channels and 15N ratios can be regulated by the reaction mode and acidity. Moreover, the resulting 1,1'-biisoquinolines are a privileged ligand scaffold which is exemplified herein by a hydrazine-iodine exchange reaction to form drug-like benzo[c]cinnolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Shihai Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Peiyan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 China
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3
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Lv S, Tian YN, Yang Y, Wen C, Li S. Rh(III)-Catalyzed One-Pot Three-Component Diannulation of Benzils, Ammonium Acetate, and Alkynes to Build 1,1′-Biisoquinolines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16019-16025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ya-Nan Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chaoying Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Zheng F, Zhou J, Fang F, Li J, Wang J, Zheng M, Liu H, Xu Y, Zhou Y. Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation and [4+1+1] Sequential Cyclization Cascade to Give Highly Fused Indano[1,2- b]azirines. Org Lett 2022; 24:5688-5692. [PMID: 35921178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation of α-keto oximes and a cyclization cascade with diazo compounds were developed to construct the highly fused indano[1,2-b]azirine frameworks in good yields with a broad range of substrates under mild reaction conditions. More intriguingly, a [4+1+1] sequential annulation cascade is demonstrated for the first time in this reaction and opened a new reaction mode for α-keto oximes. These fused indano[1,2-b]azirine derivatives could also be further transformed into intriguing privileged drug scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feifei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Zhao C, Zhang X, He C, Pang S. Oxidation of o-dioxime by (diacetoxyiodo)benzene: green and mild access to furoxans. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diversified furoxan derivatives are efficiently obtained through a mild oxidation strategy, which greatly reduces the safety risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering,, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Xie R, Tian YN, Huang L, Lv S, Meng X, Kong X, Li S. Cu/Fe-mediated N(sp 2)-arylation/alkenylation of pyridines with aryl-/alkenylboronic acids to yield versatile cationic materials. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cu/Fe-mediated N(sp2)-arylation/alkenylation of pyridines with aryl-/alkenylboronic acids to yield length-controllable and multi-responsive pyridinium salts is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ya-Nan Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lingyu Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shihai Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaona Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiangfei Kong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Xie R, Lv H, Ye X, Kong X, Li S. Cu-Catalyzed tandem N-arylation of phthalhydrazides with cyclic iodoniums to yield dihydrobenzo[c]cinnolines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4824-4830. [PMID: 32608470 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00894j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrocinnolines have significant pharmacological properties. Herein, we investigate a Cu-catalyzed tandem N-arylation reaction of phthalhydrazides with cyclic iodonium salts to construct dihydrobenzo[c]cinnoline derivatives. Various iodonium salts, such as symmetrical, unsymmetrical, aryl-aryl, and aryl-heteroaryl ones, could react with phthalhydrazides smoothly and give the title products in moderate to high yields. Moreover, the -NH2 group, which has been diarylated by cyclic iodonium salts to form carbazoles in previous reports, is also well tolerated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxu Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuqing Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangfei Kong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Shiqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
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Constable EC, Hartshorn RM, Housecroft CE. 1,1'-Biisoquinolines-Neglected Ligands in the Heterocyclic Diimine Family That Provoke Stereochemical Reflections. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061584. [PMID: 33805632 PMCID: PMC7998815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1,1′-Biisoquinolines are a class of bidentate nitrogen donor ligands in the heterocyclic diimine family. This review briefly discusses their properties and the key synthetic pathways available and then concentrates upon their coordination behaviour. The ligands are of interest as they exhibit the phenomenon of atropisomerism (hindered rotation about the C1–C1′ bond). A notation for depicting the stereochemistry in coordination compounds containing multiple stereogenic centers is developed. The consequences of the chirality within the ligand on the coordination behaviour is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C. Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-207-1001
| | - Richard M. Hartshorn
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, CT1 1PL Christchurch, New Zealand;
| | - Catherine E. Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;
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Wang Y, Xie R, Huang L, Tian YN, Lv S, Kong X, Li S. Divergent synthesis of unsymmetrical azobenzenes via Cu-catalyzed C–N coupling. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient, one-pot, and low-cost metal-catalyzed tandem Chan–Lam coupling/deprotection and Ullmann/Chan–Lam/deprotection reactions to access unsymmetrical azobenzenes are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lingyu Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ya-Nan Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shihai Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiangfei Kong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Li SY, Zhang X, Teng F, Li Y, Li JH. Rh(iii)-Catalyzed [3 + 2]/[4 + 2] annulation of acetophenone oxime ethers with 3-acetoxy-1,4-enynes involving C–H activation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00090j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel, synthetically simple, selective rhodium(iii)-catalyzed [3 + 2]/[4 + 2] annulation cascade reaction to construct complex azafluorenone frameworks has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Fan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
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Liu T, Xu F, Liu X, Huang Z, Long L, Xu G, Xiao H, Chen Z. Switching the Regioselectivity Access to Pyrroles and Isoquinolines from Ketoxime Acetates and Ynals. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31473-31484. [PMID: 33324860 PMCID: PMC7726942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel formal [3+2] and [4+2] annulation of ketoxime acetates and ynals for the synthesis of pyrroles and isoquinolines has been developed. By simply switching the catalyst and solvent, the reaction proceeds via two pathways. The reactions are achieved under mild conditions with broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity.
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12
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Yu Y, Lv H, Li S. The C-H functionalization of organic cations: an interesting and fresh journey. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8810-8826. [PMID: 33112319 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic ionic compounds, especially those with organic cations, are commonly applied in ionic liquids (ILs), organocatalysts, (a)NHC ligands, ion recognition, and optoelectronic materials. The direct C-H functionalization of organic cations offers valuable opportunities for the rapid assembly of diverse functionalized cations and for their further exploitation in material science applications. This review summarizes the substantial progress that has been made in the C-H functionalization of organic cations from the 1960s to May 2020, including transition metal-mediated/catalyzed C-H alkylation, arylation, and annulation, and photo-induced C-H functionalization. Substrate scopes, limitations, regio-/chemoselectivity, and reaction mechanisms are discussed. In addition, the applications of some new organic functional materials are briefly exemplified. This review also aims to serve as a reminder that much care should be taken when using organic ionic compounds as solvents, because they can behave as reactants that can break up desired coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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