1
|
Schmidt TA, Hutskalova V, Sparr C. Atroposelective catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-024-00618-x. [PMID: 38890539 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomeric compounds-stereoisomers that arise from the restricted rotation about a single bond-have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their immense potential for applications in a variety of fields, including medicinal chemistry, catalysis and molecular nanoscience. This increased interest led to the invention of new molecular motors, the incorporation of atropisomers into drug discovery programmes and a wide range of novel atroposelective reactions, including those that simultaneously control multiple stereogenic axes. A diverse set of synthetic methodologies, which can be grouped into desymmetrizations, (dynamic) kinetic resolutions, cross-coupling reactions and de novo ring formations, is available for the catalyst-controlled stereoselective synthesis of various atropisomer classes. In this Review, we generalize the concepts for the catalyst-controlled stereoselective synthesis of atropisomers within these categories with an emphasis on recent advancements and underdeveloped atropisomeric scaffolds beyond stereogenic C(sp2)-C(sp2) axes. We also discuss more complex systems with multiple stereogenic axes or higher-order stereogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanno A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng R, Dong P, Ge J, Zhang W, Xue X, Duan L, Shi L, Gu Z. Regio- and Atroposelective Ring-Opening of 1H-Benzo[4,5]oxazolopyridinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402231. [PMID: 38407456 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of new methods for regio- and stereoselective activation of C-O bonds in ethers holds significant promise for synthetic chemistry, offering advantages in terms of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. Moreover, the C-N atropisomers represent a fascinating and crucial chiral system, extensively found in natural products, pharmaceutical leads, and the frameworks of advanced materials. In this work, we have introduced a nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective carbon-oxygen arylation reaction for atroposelective synthesis of N-arylisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones. The high regioselectivity of C-O cleavage benefits from the high stability of the in situ formed (amido)ethenolate via oxidative addition. Additionally, the self-activation of the aryl C-O bond facilitates the reaction under mild conditions, leading to outstanding enantioselectivities. The diverse post-functionalizations of the axially chiral isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones further highlighted the utility of this protocol in preparing valuable C-N atropisomers, including the chiral phosphine ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixian Deng
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Puyang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jimeng Ge
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoping Xue
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Longhui Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dale HA, Hodges GR, Lloyd-Jones GC. Kinetics and Mechanism of Azole n-π*-Catalyzed Amine Acylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18126-18140. [PMID: 37526380 PMCID: PMC10436283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Azole anions are highly competent in the activation of weak acyl donors, but, unlike neutral (aprotic) Lewis bases, are not yet widely applied as acylation catalysts. Using a combination of in situ and stopped-flow 1H/19F NMR spectroscopy, kinetics, isotopic labeling, 1H DOSY, and electronic structure calculations, we have investigated azole-catalyzed aminolysis of p-fluorophenyl acetate. The global kinetics have been elucidated under four sets of conditions, and the key elementary steps underpinning catalysis deconvoluted using a range of intermediates and transition state probes. While all evidence points to an overarching mechanism involving n-π* catalysis via N-acylated azole intermediates, a diverse array of kinetic regimes emerges from this framework. Even seemingly minor changes to the solvent, auxiliary base, or azole catalyst can elicit profound changes in the temporal evolution, thermal sensitivity, and progressive inhibition of catalysis. These observations can only be rationalized by taking a holistic view of the mechanism and a set of limiting regimes for the kinetics. Overall, the analysis of 18 azole catalysts spanning nearly 10 orders of magnitude in acidity highlights the pitfall of pursuing ever more nucleophilic catalysts without regard for catalyst speciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey
J. A. Dale
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - George R. Hodges
- Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Si XJ, Zhao X, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang D, Song MP, Niu JL. Cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective C-H/N-H annulation of aryl sulfonamides with allenes or alkynes: facile access to C-N axially chiral sultams. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7291-7303. [PMID: 37416705 PMCID: PMC10321536 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01787g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective C-H/N-H annulation of aryl sulfonamides with allenes and alkynes, using either chemical or electrochemical oxidation. By using O2 as the oxidant, the annulation with allenes proceeds efficiently with a low catalyst/ligand loading of 5 mol% and tolerates a wide range of allenes, including 2,3-butadienoate, allenylphosphonate, and phenylallene, resulting in C-N axially chiral sultams with high enantio-, regio-, and position selectivities. The annulation with alkynes also exhibits excellent enantiocontrol (up to >99% ee) with a variety of functional aryl sulfonamides, and internal and terminal alkynes. Furthermore, electrochemical oxidative C-H/N-H annulation with alkynes is achieved in a simple undivided cell, demonstrating the versatility and robustness of the cobalt/Salox system. The gram-scale synthesis and asymmetric catalysis further highlight the practical utility of this method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ju Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yuanshuo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Dandan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Niu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai L, Liu Y, Xu Q, Wang M, Zhu Q, Yu P, Zhong G, Zeng X. A Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Approach to Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers by Catalytic Atroposelective Transfer Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216534. [PMID: 36536515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diaryl ethers are widespread in biologically active compounds, ligands and catalysts. It is known that the diaryl ether skeleton may exhibit atropisomerism when both aryl rings are unsymmetrically substituted with bulky groups. Despite recent advances, only very few catalytic asymmetric methods have been developed to construct such axially chiral compounds. We describe herein a dynamic kinetic resolution approach to axially chiral diaryl ethers via a Brønsted acid catalyzed atroposelective transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reaction of dicarbaldehydes with anilines. The desired diaryl ethers could be obtained in moderate to good chemical yields (up to 79 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee) under standard reaction conditions. Such structural motifs are interesting precursors for further transformations and may have potential applications in the synthesis of chiral ligands or catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlong Dai
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fukasawa S, Toyoda T, Kasahara R, Nakamura C, Kikuchi Y, Hori A, Richards GJ, Kitagawa O. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of N-C Axially Chiral N-(2,6-Disubstituted-phenyl)sulfonamides through Chiral Pd-Catalyzed N-Allylation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227819. [PMID: 36431920 PMCID: PMC9698006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, catalytic enantioselective syntheses of N-C axially chiral compounds have been reported by many groups. Most N-C axially chiral compounds prepared through a catalytic asymmetric reaction possess carboxamide or nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle skeletons. On the other hand, although N-C axially chiral sulfonamide derivatives are known, their catalytic enantioselective synthesis is relatively underexplored. We found that the reaction (Tsuji-Trost allylation) of allyl acetate with secondary sulfonamides bearing a 2-arylethynyl-6-methylphenyl group on the nitrogen atom proceeds with good enantioselectivity (up to 92% ee) in the presence of (S,S)-Trost ligand-(allyl-PdCl)2 catalyst, affording rotationally stable N-C axially chiral N-allylated sulfonamides. Furthermore, the absolute stereochemistry of the major enantiomer was determined by X-ray single crystal structural analysis and the origin of the enantioselectivity was considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sota Fukasawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Akiko Hori
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Gary J. Richards
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5859-8161
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Construction of Non-Biaryl Atropisomeric Amide Scaffolds Bearing a C-N Axis via Enantioselective Catalysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196583. [PMID: 36235120 PMCID: PMC9572367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant scaffold offered by atropisomeric amides with a C–N chiral axis has been extensively utilized for pharmaceuticals, agricultural science, and organic syntheses. As a result, the field of atropisomer synthesis has attracted considerable interest within chemistry communities. To date, a range of catalytic atroposelective approaches has been reported for the efficient construction of these challenging scaffolds. However, greatly concise and highly useful methodologies for the synthesis of these atropisomeric compounds, focusing on transition-metal, chiral amine, and phosphoric acid catalysis reactions, etc., are still desirable. Hence, it is indispensable to succinctly and systematically present all such reports by means of disclosing the mechanistic analysis and application, as well as the challenges and issues associated with the establishment of these atropisomers. In this review, we summarize the development of catalytic asymmetric synthetic strategies to access non-biaryl atropisomers rotating around a C–N chiral axis, including the reaction methods, mechanism, late-stage transformations, and applications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Purushotham M, Paul B, Govindachar DM, Singh AK, Periyasamy G, Peter SC. Ortho-halogen effects: n→π* interactions, halogen bonding, and deciphering chiral attributes in N-aryl glycine peptoid foldamers. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Rodríguez‐Salamanca P, Fernández R, Hornillos V, Lassaletta JM. Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral C-N Atropisomers. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104442. [PMID: 35191558 PMCID: PMC9314733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecules with restricted rotation around a single bond or atropisomers are found in a wide number of natural products and bioactive molecules as well as in chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis and smart materials. Although most of these compounds are biaryls and heterobiaryls displaying a C−C stereogenic axis, there is a growing interest in less common and more challenging axially chiral C−N atropisomers. This review offers an overview of the various methodologies available for their asymmetric synthesis. A brief introduction is initially given to contextualize these axially chiral skeletons, including a historical background and examples of natural products containing axially chiral C−N axes. The preparation of different families of C−N based atropisomers is then presented from anilides to chiral five‐ and six‐membered ring heterocycles. Special emphasis has been given to modern catalytic asymmetric strategies over the past decade for the synthesis of these chiral scaffolds. Applications of these methods to the preparation of natural products and biologically active molecules will be highlighted along the text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez‐Salamanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro deInnovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)C/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Sevilla) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González, 141012SevillaSpain
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro deInnovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)C/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Sevilla) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González, 141012SevillaSpain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro deInnovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)C/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mei GJ, Koay WL, Guan CY, Lu Y. Atropisomers beyond the C–C axial chirality: Advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Zhou QY, Li X. Atroposelective construction of axially chiral enamides via N-allylic alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4727-4730. [PMID: 35319047 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of a unique family of axially chiral enamides in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities under mild conditions. These new axially chiral compounds feature a flexible skeleton and a high degree of rotational freedom, which raises difficulties for enantiocontrol. A mechanism model is proposed to interpret the stereoselectivity, in which both the steric difference of the ortho substituents and the π-π stacking interaction may contribute to the stereo-control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sweet JS, Wang R, Manesiotis P, Dingwall P, Knipe PC. Atropselective synthesis of N-aryl pyridones via dynamic kinetic resolution enabled by non-covalent interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2392-2396. [PMID: 35257135 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic kinetic resolution of C-N atropisomeric pyridones was achieved via asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis, exploiting a rotational barrier-lowering hydrogen bond in the starting materials. X-ray and NMR experiments revealed the presence of a barrier-raising ground state CH⋯π interaction in the product, supported by DFT calculations. A co-crystal of the quinidine-derived phase-transfer catalyst and substrate reveals key substrate-catalyst non-covalent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Sweet
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Ruichen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Manesiotis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Paul Dingwall
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Peter C Knipe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ji DS, Liang H, Yang KX, Feng ZT, Luo YC, Xu GQ, Gu Y, Xu PF. Solvent directed chemically divergent synthesis of β-lactams and α-amino acid derivatives with chiral isothiourea. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1801-1807. [PMID: 35282623 PMCID: PMC8826511 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06127e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A protocol for the chemically divergent synthesis of β-lactams and α-amino acid derivatives with isothiourea (ITU) catalysis by switching solvents was developed. The stereospecific Mannich reaction occurring between imine and C(1)-ammonium enolate generated zwitterionic intermediates, which underwent intramolecular lactamization and afforded β-lactam derivatives when DCM and CH3CN were used as solvents. However, when EtOH was used as the solvent, the intermediates underwent an intermolecular esterification reaction, and α-amino acid derivatives were produced. Detailed mechanistic experiments were conducted to prove that these two kinds of products came from the same intermediates. Furthermore, chemically diversified transformations of β-lactam and α-amino acid derivatives were achieved. A protocol for the solvent directed chemically divergent synthesis of β-lactam and α-amino acid derivatives with chiral isothiourea was reported.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Xuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frey J, Hou X, Ackermann L. Atropoenantioselective Palladaelectro-Catalyzed Anilide C–H Olefinations Viable with Natural Sunlight as Sustainable Power Source. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2729-2734. [PMID: 35340853 PMCID: PMC8890107 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06135f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective electrocatalyzed transformations represent a major challenge. We herein achieved atropoenantioselective pallada-electrocatalyzed C–H olefinations and C–H allylations with high efficacy and enantioselectivity under exceedingly mild reaction conditions. With (S)-5-oxoproline as the chiral ligand, activated and non-activated olefins were suitable substrates for the electro-C–H activations. Dual catalysis was devised in terms of electro-C–H olefination, along with catalytic hydrogenation. Challenging enantiomerically-enriched chiral anilide scaffolds were thereby obtained with high levels of enantio-control in the absence of toxic and cost-intensive silver salts. The resource-economy of the transformation was even improved by directly employing renewable solar energy. Asymmetric pallada-electrocatalyzed C–H activation of achiral anilides were accomplished by catalyst control with high levels of enantioselectivity. Dual catalysis was devised, while photovoltaic cells could be used to empower the electrocatalysis.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Frey
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 237077 Göttingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 237077 Göttingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 237077 Göttingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiao X, Lu YJ, Tian HY, Zhou HJ, Li JW, Yao YP, Ke M, Chen FE. Organocatalytic atroposelective N-alkylation: divergent synthesis of axially chiral sulfonamides and biaryl amino phenols. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Axial chirality exists ubiquitously in numerous natural products and has been extensively recognized for decades in pharmaceuticals and enantioselective transformations. The development of efficient methodologies to obtain enantiopure structures bearing...
Collapse
|
16
|
Stereoselective construction of atropisomers featuring a C–N chiral axis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
17
|
Lin W, Zhao Q, Li Y, Pan M, Yang C, Yang GH, Li X. Asymmetric synthesis of N-N axially chiral compounds via organocatalytic atroposelective N-acylation. Chem Sci 2021; 13:141-148. [PMID: 35059162 PMCID: PMC8694391 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the well-developed C-C and C-N axial chirality, the asymmetric synthesis of N-N axial chirality remains elusive and challenging. Herein we report the first atroposelective N-acylation reaction of quinazolinone type benzamides with cinnamic anhydrides for the direct catalytic synthesis of optically active atropisomeric quinazolinone derivatives. This reaction features mild conditions and a broad substrate scope and produces N-N axially chiral compounds with high yields and very good enantioselectivities. Besides, the synthetic utility of the protocol was proved by a large scale reaction, transformation of the product and the utilization of the product as an acylation kinetic resolution reagent. Moreover, DFT calculations provide convincing evidence for the interpretation of stereoselection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Guo-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu YJ, Xie PP, Zhou G, Yao QJ, Hong X, Shi BF. Atroposelective synthesis of N-aryl peptoid atropisomers via a palladium(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric C-H alkynylation strategy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9391-9397. [PMID: 34349912 PMCID: PMC8278962 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of chirality into peptoids is an important strategy to determine a discrete and robust secondary structure. However, the lack of an efficient strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse chiral peptoids has hampered the studies. Herein, we report the efficient synthesis of a wide variety of N-aryl peptoid atropisomers in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield and 99% ee) by palladium-catalyzed asymmetric C–H alkynylation. The inexpensive and commercially available l-pyroglutamic acid was used as an efficient chiral ligand. The exceptional compatibility of the C–H alkynylation with various peptoid oligomers renders this procedure valuable for peptoid modifications. Computational studies suggested that the amino acid ligand distortion controls the enantioselectivity in the Pd/l-pGlu-catalyzed C–H bond activation step. The introduction of chirality into peptoids is an important strategy to determine a discrete and robust secondary structure.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Pei-Pei Xie
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qi-Jun Yao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China .,Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao Z, Yan CX, Qian J, Yang H, Zhou P, Zhang J, Jiang G. Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Sulfonamides via Atroposelective Hydroamination of Allenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao-Xian Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinlong Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huameng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gaoxi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barik S, Shee S, Das S, Gonnade RG, Jindal G, Mukherjee S, Biju AT. NHC‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization of N‐Aryl Maleimides Leading to the Atroposelective Synthesis of N‐Aryl Succinimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Centre for Materials Characterization CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barik S, Shee S, Das S, Gonnade RG, Jindal G, Mukherjee S, Biju AT. NHC‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization of N‐Aryl Maleimides Leading to the Atroposelective Synthesis of N‐Aryl Succinimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12264-12268. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Centre for Materials Characterization CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Li S, Ye L, Tan B. Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Atropisomers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4805-4902. [PMID: 33775097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a stereochemical behavior portrayed by three-dimensional molecules that bear rotationally restricted σ bond. Akin to the well-represented point-chiral molecules, atropisomerically chiral compounds are finding increasing utilities in many disciplines where molecular asymmetry is influential. This provides steady demand on atroposelective synthesis, where numerous synthetic pursuits have been rewarded with conceptually novel and streamlined methods while expanding the structural diversity of atropisomers. This review summarizes key achievements in stereoselective preparation of biaryl, heterobiaryl, and nonbiaryl atropisomers documented between 2015 and 2020. Emphasis is placed on the synthetic strategies for each structural class, while examples are cited to illustrate the potential applications of the accessed atropochiral targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kee Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bitai J, Westwood MT, Smith AD. α,β-Unsaturated acyl ammonium species as reactive intermediates in organocatalysis: an update. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2366-2384. [PMID: 33650626 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated acyl ammonium species are versatile intermediates that have been applied in a variety of transformations including Michael additions, domino reactions and cycloadditions. Many of these transformations are promoted by chiral Lewis base catalysts, enabling the rapid generation of molecular complexity with high stereochemical control. This review highlights recent developments in the generation and application of α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates reported since a previous review of this area in 2016. Particular emphasis will be placed on reports providing mechanistic insight into catalytic transformations and observed selectivities. A perspective on current challenges and potential future developments in the field of α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium catalysis is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen XP, Hou KQ, Zhou F, Chan ASC, Xiong XF. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzothiazolopyrimidines via [4 + 2] Cyclization of 2-Benzothiazolimines and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1667-1675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke-Qiang Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ong JY, Ng XQ, Lu S, Zhao Y. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Atroposelective N-Acylation of Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2020; 22:6447-6451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yang Ong
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge, Republic of Singapore 119077
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore 117543
| | - Xiao Qian Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore 117543
| | - Shenci Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore 117543
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge, Republic of Singapore 119077
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Republic of Singapore 117543
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|