1
|
Wang JY, Gao CH, Ma C, Wu XY, Ni SF, Tan W, Shi F. Design and Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Furan-Indole Compounds Bearing both Axial and Central Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316454. [PMID: 38155472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In the chemistry community, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of furan-based compounds bearing both axial and central chirality has proven to be a significant but challenging issue owing to the importance and difficulty in constructing such frameworks. In this work, we have realized the first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of five-five-membered furan-based compounds bearing both axial and central chirality via organocatalytic asymmetric (2+4) annulation of achiral furan-indoles with 2,3-indolyldimethanols with uncommon regioselectivity. By this strategy, furan-indole compounds bearing both axial and central chirality were synthesized in high yields with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Moreover, theoretical calculations were conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the reaction pathway, activation mode, and the origin of the selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cong-Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wei Tan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forshaw S, Parker JS, Scott WT, Knighton RC, Tiwari N, Oladeji SM, Stevens AC, Chew YM, Reber J, Clarkson GJ, Balasubramanian MK, Wills M. Increasing the versatility of the biphenyl-fused-dioxacyclodecyne class of strained alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:590-605. [PMID: 38131271 PMCID: PMC10792613 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biphenyl-fused-dioxacyclodecynes are a promising class of strained alkyne for use in Cu-free 'click' reactions. In this paper, a series of functionalised derivatives of this class of reagent, containing fluorescent groups, are described. Studies aimed at understanding and increasing the reactivity of the alkynes are also presented, together with an investigation of the bioconjugation of the reagents with an azide-labelled protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Forshaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jeremy S Parker
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - William T Scott
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard C Knighton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Neelam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Samson M Oladeji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Andrew C Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yean Ming Chew
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jami Reber
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao Y, Li ZH, Ma ZG, Liu RX, Ge RT, Li QZ, Ding TM, Zhang SY. Axially chiral styrene-based organocatalysts and their application in asymmetric cascade Michael/cyclization reaction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9496-9502. [PMID: 37712017 PMCID: PMC10498726 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An axially chiral styrene-based organocatalyst, featuring a combination of axially chiral styrene-based structure and a pyrrole ring, has been designed and synthesized. This catalyst demonstrates remarkable capabilities in producing a wide range of densely substituted spirooxindoles that feature an alkyne-substituted quaternary stereogenic center. These spirooxindoles are generated through mild cascade Michael/cyclization reactions, resulting in high conversion rates and exceptional enantioselectivity. Our catalytic model, based on experiments, X-ray structure analysis and DFT calculations suggests that chiral matched π-π interactions and multiple H-bonds between the organocatalyst and substrates play significant roles in controlling the stereoselectivity of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ru-Xin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Rui-Tian Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Quan-Zhe Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Tong-Mei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu C, Chang Z, Peng C, Bai C, Xing J, Dou X. Catalytic asymmetric indolization by a desymmetrizing [3 + 2] annulation strategy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7980-7987. [PMID: 37502333 PMCID: PMC10370590 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new catalytic asymmetric indolization reaction by a desymmetrizing [3 + 2] annulation strategy is developed. The reaction proceeds via a rhodium-catalyzed enantioposition-selective addition/5-exo-trig cyclization/dehydration cascade between ortho-amino arylboronic acids and 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentene-1,3-diones to produce N-unprotected cyclopenta[b]indoles bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in high yields with good enantioselectivities. A quantitative structure-selectivity relationship (QSSR) model was established to identify the optimal chiral ligand, which effectively controlled the formation of the stereocenter away from the reaction site. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, non-covalent interaction analysis, and Eyring analysis were performed to understand the key reaction step and the function of the ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Chang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Chuanyong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Chen Bai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Junhao Xing
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai WY, Ding QN, Zhou L, Chen J. Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Molecules via Organocatalytic Cycloaddition and Cyclization Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114306. [PMID: 37298781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atropisomeric molecules are present in many natural products, biologically active compounds, chiral ligands and catalysts. Many elegant methodologies have been developed to access axially chiral molecules. Among them, organocatalytic cycloaddition and cyclization have attracted much attention because they have been widely used in the asymmetric synthesis of biaryl/heterobiaryls atropisomers via construction of carbo- and hetero-cycles. This strategy has undoubtedly become and will continue to be a hot topic in the field of asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements in this field of atropisomer synthesis by using different organocatalysts in cycloaddition and cyclization strategies. The construction of each atropisomer, its possible mechanism, the role of catalysts, and its potential applications are illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Qian-Ni Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pang Q, Zuo WF, Zhang Y, Li X, Han B. Recent Advances on Direct Functionalization of Indoles in Aqueous Media. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200289. [PMID: 36722727 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Indoles and their derivatives have dominated a significant proportion of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and play an essential role in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, pesticides, and advanced materials. Compared with conventional synthetic strategies, direct functionalization of indoles provides straightforward access to construct diverse indole scaffolds. As we enter an era emphasizing green and sustainable chemistry, utilizing environment-friendly solvents represented by water demonstrates great potential in synthesizing valuable indole derivatives. This review aims to depict the critical aspects of aqueous-mediated indoles functionalization over the past decade and discusses the future challenges and prospects in this fast-growing field. For the convenience of readers, this review is classified into three parts according to the bonding modes (C-C, C-N, and C-S bonds), which focus on the diversity of indole derivatives, the prominent role of water in the chemical process, and the types of catalyst systems and mechanisms. We hope this review can promote the sustainable development of the direct functionalization of indoles and their derivatives and the discovery of novel and practical organic methods in aqueous phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Surgenor RR, Liu X, Keenlyside MJH, Myers W, Smith MD. Enantioselective synthesis of atropisomeric indoles via iron-catalysed oxidative cross-coupling. Nat Chem 2023; 15:357-365. [PMID: 36509852 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterobiaryl compounds that exhibit axial chirality are of increasing value and interest across several fields, but direct oxidative methods for their enantioselective synthesis remain elusive. Here we disclose that an iron catalyst in the presence of a chiral PyBOX ligand and an oxidant enables direct coupling between naphthols and indoles to yield atropisomeric heterobiaryl compounds with high levels of enantioselectivity. The reaction exhibits remarkable chemoselectivity and exclusively yields cross-coupled products without competing homocoupling. Mechanistic investigations enable us to postulate that an indole radical is generated in the reaction but that this is probably an off-cycle event, and that the reaction proceeds through formation of a chiral Fe-bound naphthoxy radical that is trapped by a nucleophilic indole. We envision that this simple, cheap and sustainable catalytic manifold will facilitate access to a range of heterobiaryl compounds and enable their application across the fields of materials science, medicinal chemistry and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangqian Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William Myers
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin D Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen ZH, Li TZ, Wang NY, Ma XF, Ni SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N,N'-Bisindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300419. [PMID: 36749711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the first organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed formal (3+2) cycloadditions of indole-based enaminones as novel platform molecules with 2,3-diketoesters, where de novo indole-ring formation is involved. Using this new strategy, various axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles were synthesized in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 87 % yield and 96 % ee). More importantly, this class of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and was derived into axially chiral phosphine ligands with high catalytic activity. This study provides a new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles using asymmetric organocatalysis and is the first to realize the applications of such scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and asymmetric catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Han Chen
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Tian-Zhen Li
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ning-Yi Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu L, Liu J, Xiang S, Lu T, Ma P, Zhao Q. Silver-Catalyzed Direct Nucleophilic Cyclization: Enantioselective De Novo Synthesis of C-C Axially Chiral 2-Arylindoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:522-527. [PMID: 36652713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomeric indoles widely exist in natural products, pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and catalysts for their featured biological activities, photoelectric properties, and catalytic activities, while facile and de novo construction of this motif remains underexplored. Herein, we report a chiral silver phosphate-catalyzed direct 5-endo-dig nucleophilic cyclization of 2-alkynylanilins under mild conditions, affording various C-C axially chiral 2-arylindoles in high to excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Control experiments implied the cooperative catalysis of AgOAc and chiral phosphoric acid, wherein the former accelerated the desired transformation while the latter improved the enantioselectivity. In addition, as the first example of silver-catalyzed enantioselective de novo synthesis of C-C axially chiral indole skeletons, synthetic applications and products' thermal stability have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shiyu Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qingyang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang HQ, Wu SF, Yang JR, Zhang YC, Shi F. Design and Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolyl-Pyrroloindoles Bearing Both Axial and Central Chirality. J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qing Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jun-Ru Yang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin W, Liu Y, Yan H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomers via Vinylidene ortho-Quinone Methides (VQMs). Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2780-2795. [PMID: 36121104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomers, arising from conformational restriction, are inherently chiral due to the intersecting dissymmetric planes. Since there are numerous applications of enantiopure atropisomers in catalyst design, drug discovery, and material science, the asymmetric preparation of these highly prized molecules has become a flourishing field in synthetic chemistry. A number of catalysts, synthetic procedures, and novel concepts have been developed for the manufacture of the atropisomeric molecules. However, due to the intrinsic properties of different types of atropisomers featuring biaryl, hetero-biaryl, or non-biaryl architectures, only very few methods pass the rigorous inspection and are considered generally applicable. The development of a broadly applicable synthetic strategy for various atropisomers is a challenge. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies on the enantioselective synthesis of atropisomers using the vinylidene ortho-quinone methides (VQMs) as pluripotent intermediates.The most appealing features of VQMs are the disturbed aromaticity and axial chirality of the allene fragment. At the outset, the applications of VQMs in organic synthesis have been neglected due to their principal liabilities: ephemeral nature, extraordinary reactivity, and multireaction sites. The domestication of this transient intermediate was demonstrated by in situ catalytic asymmetric generation of VQMs, and the reactivity and selectivity were fully explored by judiciously modifying precursors and tuning catalytic systems. A variety of axially chiral heterocycles were achieved through five-, six-, seven- and nine-membered ring formation of VQM intermediates with different kinds of branched nucleophilic functional groups. The axially chiral C-N axis could be constructed from VQM intermediates via N-annulation or desymmetrization of preformed C-N scaffolds. We take advantage of the high electrophilicity of VQMs toward a series of sulfur and carbon based nucleophiles leading to atropisomeric vinyl arenes. Furthermore, chiral helical compounds were realized by cycloaddition or consecutive annulation of VQM intermediates. These achievements demonstrated that the VQMs could work as a nuclear parent for the collective synthesis of distinct and complex optically active atropisomers. Recently, we have realized the isolation and structural characterization of the elusive VQMs, which were questioned as putative intermediates for decades. The successful isolation of VQMs provided direct evidence for their existence and an unprecedented opportunity to directly investigate their reactivity. The good thermal stability and reserved reactivity of the isolated VQMs demonstrated their great potential as synthetic reagents and expanded the border of VQM chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang HH, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Bearing Axial Chirality: Strategies and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2562-2580. [PMID: 36053083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic atroposelective syntheses of axially chiral compounds have stimulated extensive interest in multiple communities, such as synthetic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science, because of the intriguing characteristics of atropisomerism. In particular, atropisomeric indole derivatives, which contain a kind of five-membered heterocyclic framework, are widely distributed in a number of natural alkaloids, biologically relevant compounds, chiral ligands, and chiral organocatalysts. Hence, the catalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality is of considerable importance and has become an emerging focus of research. However, there are substantial challenges associated with the atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives, including remote ortho-substituents around the chiral axis, a lower barrier for rotation, and a weaker configurational stability than that of atropisomeric six-membered biaryls. Therefore, the development of effective strategies toward the catalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives has become an urgent task.In order to tackle these challenges and to accomplish the task, our group devised a unique strategy of designing indole-derived platform molecules and developing organocatalytic enantioselective transformations of such platform molecules to synthesize atropisomeric indole derivatives; asymmetric organocatalysis has tremendous advantages and was the research area recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2021. This Account summarizes our endeavors in the organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality. In brief, we devised and developed a series of indole-derived platform molecules, such as indolylmethanols, (hetero)aryl indoles, oxindole-based styrenes, N-aminoindoles, and indole-based homophthalic anhydrides, by introducing different functional groups onto the indole ring to achieve new reactivity and modulate the reactive site of the indole ring. As a result, these indole-derived platform molecules possess versatile and unique reactivity and are capable of undergoing a variety of organocatalytic enantioselective transformations for preparing structurally diversified indole derivatives with axial chirality.We used these strategies to accomplish the atroposelective synthesis of plenty of indole derivatives with axial chirality, including (hetero)aryl indoles, alkene-indoles, oxindole-based styrenes, N-pyrrolylindoles, and isochromenone-indoles. In addition, we gave a thorough and detailed understanding of the designed reaction by investigating the reaction pathway and activation mode. More importantly, we studied the biological activity of some products and performed catalyst design on the basis of atropisomeric indole moieties, which are helpful for disclosing more applications of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality.In the future, the organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of indole derivatives bearing axial chirality will indubitably remain a frontier topic in the research area of asymmetric catalysis and chiral indole chemistry despite challenging issues, for instance, the atroposelective synthesis of novel indole derivatives bearing an unconventional chiral axis, the development of atropisomeric indole derivatives into powerful catalysts or ligands, and the discovery of atroposelective indole derivatives as potent drug candidates. We hope our efforts summarized in this Account will encourage chemists worldwide to devise innovative strategies toward solving the challenging issues that remain in this field, thus promoting its development to a higher level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road No. 21, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road No. 21, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road No. 101, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hang QQ, Wu SF, Yang S, Wang X, Zhong Z, Zhang YC, Shi F. Design and catalytic atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral isochromenone-indoles. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Shi J, Zhang LZ, Pan Y, Feng DQ, Wu GY, Yang K, Sun XQ, Li ZY. Stereoselective Mannich reaction catalyzed by tetrahydroindolo[3,2-b]indole under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
15
|
Development of TfOH‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization by Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts‐type 1,4‐Addition: Application to the Total Synthesis of the Unusual Proaporphine Alkaloid (±)‐Misrametine. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202188. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
Zheng H, Han Y, Sun J, Yan CG. Tri( n-butyl)phosphine-promoted domino reaction for the efficient construction of spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-indolines] and spiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indolines]. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:669-679. [PMID: 35821699 PMCID: PMC9235906 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tri(n-butyl)phosphine-catalyzed reaction of isatylidene malononitriles and bis-chalcones in chloroform at 65 °C afforded functionalized spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-indolines] in good yields and with good diastereoselectivity. On the other hand, the tri(n-butyl)phosphine-catalyzed reaction of 3-(ethoxycarbonylmethylene)oxindoles and bis-chalcones gave functionalized spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-indolines] with different regioselectivity. Additionally, the tri(n-butyl)phosphine-promoted domino annulation reaction of isatins and ethyl isatylidene cyanoacetates produced spiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indolines] in satisfactory yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral 3,3'‐Bisindoles by Direct Coupling of Indole Rings. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
Chen KW, Chen ZH, Yang S, Wu SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N-N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116829. [PMID: 35080808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first highly atroposelective construction of N-N axially chiral indole scaffolds was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation. This strategy makes use of the organocatalytic asymmetric Paal-Knorr reaction of well-designed N-aminoindoles with 1,4-diketones, thus affording N-pyrrolylindoles in high yields and with excellent atroposelectivities (up to 98 % yield, 96 % ee). In addition, this strategy is applicable for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral bispyrroles (up to 98 % yield, 97 % ee). More importantly, such N-N axially chiral heterocycles can be converted into chiral organocatalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis, and some molecules display potent anticancer activity. This work not only provides a new strategy for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral molecules but also offers new members of the N-N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhi-Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen K, Chen Z, Yang S, Wu S, Zhang Y, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N−N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Zhi‐Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shu‐Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yu‐Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li T, Zhu X, Jiang H, Wang Y, Zheng N, Peng T, Gao R, Shi L, Hao X, Song M. Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative [3 + 2] cycloaddition: Assembly of highly functionalized spirooxindoles bearing two quaternary centers. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hui Jiang
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yanong Wang
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Tian Peng
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xin‐Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Mao‐Ping Song
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shaaban S, Merten C, Waldmann H. Catalytic Atroposelective C7 Functionalisation of Indolines and Indoles. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103365. [PMID: 34676929 PMCID: PMC9298066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Axially chiral atropisomeric compounds are widely applied in asymmetric catalysis and medicinal chemistry. In particular, axially chiral indole‐ and indoline‐based frameworks have been recognised as important heterobiaryl classes because they are the core units of bioactive natural alkaloids, chiral ligands and bioactive compounds. Among them, the synthesis of C7‐substituted indole biaryls and the analogous indoline derivatives is particularly challenging, and methods for their efficient synthesis are in high demand. Transition‐metal catalysis is considered one of the most efficient methods to construct atropisomers. Here, we report the enantioselective synthesis of C7‐indolino‐ and C7‐indolo biaryl atropisomers by means of C−H functionalisation catalysed by chiral RhJasCp complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Shaaban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universität Straße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saeed R, Sakla AP, Shankaraiah N. An update on the progress of cycloaddition reactions of 3-methyleneindolinones in the past decade: versatile approaches to spirooxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7768-7791. [PMID: 34549231 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cycloaddition reactions are of great interest due to their potential and rapid construction of optically enriched spiro-cyclic products. 3-Methyleneindolinones have been proven to be a valuable precursor in cycloaddition reactions for the construction of diverse 3,3'-spirocyclic oxindoles. Their versatile reactivity has provided a new forum for the development of a variety of building blocks and synthetic compounds, including bioactive molecules. Herein, significant accomplishments in the cycloaddition reactions of 3-methyleneindolinones for the synthesis of spirooxindoles have been summarised and elaborated. The review is outlined according to the type of cycloaddition such as [2 + 1], [2 + 2], [3 + 2], [4 + 2] and [5 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiya Saeed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Akash P Sakla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sohail M, Tanaka F. Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of Racemic Diastereomers: Diastereo- and Enantioconvergent Michael-Henry Reactions to Afford Spirooxindoles Bearing Furan-Fused Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21256-21260. [PMID: 34236757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) reactions of racemic diastereomer mixtures that afford the products as essentially single diastereomers with high enantioselectivities are described. We demonstrated the DYKAT in the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of spirooxindoles bearing furan-fused rings. The starting materials of the DYKAT, dihydrobenzofuranone derivatives, were synthesized in racemic diastereomer mixtures, and these were transformed to the spirooxindole derivatives in high yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities through Michael-Henry cascade reactions with nitrostyrenes under organocatalytic conditions. In the reactions, regardless the stereochemistry of the starting materials, all the four isomers were transformed to single diastereomers with high enantioselectivities, and four new chiral centers were created.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He X, Wang C, Wen Y, Wang Z, Qian S. Recent Advances in Catalytic Atroposelective Construction of Pentatomic Heterobiaryl Scaffolds. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Long He
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
| | - You‐Wu Wen
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
| | - Shan Qian
- School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sohail M, Tanaka F. Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of Racemic Diastereomers: Diastereo‐ and Enantioconvergent Michael–Henry Reactions to Afford Spirooxindoles Bearing Furan‐Fused Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu CF, Chen LQ, Hao WJ, Cui CC, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydrobenzofuro[3,2- b]pyridines via a Carbon-Carbon Double-Bond Cleavage/Rearrangement Cascade. Org Lett 2021; 23:2654-2658. [PMID: 33728923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new Lewis acid-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition/retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE)/1,6-addition relay of aurone-derived 1-azadienes and 1-alkynylnaphthalen-2-ols has been reported, leading to the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 1,2-dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]pyridine with a chiral carbon center and an axial chirality in good yields. This protocol enables the C-C double-bond scission/recombination to rapidly construct aza-heterocyclic architectures and features 100% atom utilization, a wide substrate scope, good compatibility with substituents, and excellent diastereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fan Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Qi Chen
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Chang Cui
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng JK, Xiang SH, Li S, Ye L, Tan B. Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Atropisomers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4805-4902. [PMID: 33775097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a stereochemical behavior portrayed by three-dimensional molecules that bear rotationally restricted σ bond. Akin to the well-represented point-chiral molecules, atropisomerically chiral compounds are finding increasing utilities in many disciplines where molecular asymmetry is influential. This provides steady demand on atroposelective synthesis, where numerous synthetic pursuits have been rewarded with conceptually novel and streamlined methods while expanding the structural diversity of atropisomers. This review summarizes key achievements in stereoselective preparation of biaryl, heterobiaryl, and nonbiaryl atropisomers documented between 2015 and 2020. Emphasis is placed on the synthetic strategies for each structural class, while examples are cited to illustrate the potential applications of the accessed atropochiral targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kee Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu S, Li H, Fu R, Hao W, Wang S, Tu S, Jiang B. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Rotationally Hindered C
12
‐Naphthylated Tribenzo[
a,c,j
]xanthenes through Catalytic Tricyclization of Yne‐Allenones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan‐Shan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 211116 People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 211116 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 211116 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 211116 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu‐Liang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 211116 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu‐Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 211116 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 211116 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang J, Zheng XZ, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Enantioselectivity-Switchable Organocatalytic [4 + 2]-Annulation to Access the Spirooxindole–Norcamphor Scaffold. Org Lett 2021; 23:963-968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xian-Zhou Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jia ZL, An XT, Deng YH, Pang LH, Liu CF, Meng LL, Xue JK, Zhao XH, Fan CA. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric (4 + 2) Annulation of γ-Methylidene-δ-valerolactones with Alkenes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Chiral Cyclohexyl Spirooxindoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:745-750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Long Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Hua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lin-Han Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Le-Le Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shao Y, Cheng D. Chiral Phosphoric Acid: A Powerful Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Heterocycles with Chiral Atropisomerism. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You‐Dong Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Heze University Heze 274015 P. R. China
| | - Dao‐Juan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|