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Atasoy M, Scott WT, Regueira A, Mauricio-Iglesias M, Schaap PJ, Smidt H. Biobased short chain fatty acid production - Exploring microbial community dynamics and metabolic networks through kinetic and microbial modeling approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108363. [PMID: 38657743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in harnessing anaerobic digestion technology for resource recovery from waste streams. This approach has evolved beyond its traditional role in energy generation to encompass the production of valuable carboxylic acids, especially volatile fatty acids (VFAs) like acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. VFAs hold great potential for various industries and biobased applications due to their versatile properties. Despite increasing global demand, over 90% of VFAs are currently produced synthetically from petrochemicals. Realizing the potential of large-scale biobased VFA production from waste streams offers significant eco-friendly opportunities but comes with several key challenges. These include low VFA production yields, unstable acid compositions, complex and expensive purification methods, and post-processing needs. Among these, production yield and acid composition stand out as the most critical obstacles impacting economic viability and competitiveness. This paper seeks to offer a comprehensive view of combining complementary modeling approaches, including kinetic and microbial modeling, to understand the workings of microbial communities and metabolic pathways in VFA production, enhance production efficiency, and regulate acid profiles through the integration of omics and bioreactor data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Atasoy
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Delft University of Technology, Wageningen and Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - William T Scott
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Delft University of Technology, Wageningen and Delft, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Alberte Regueira
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Miguel Mauricio-Iglesias
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Peter J Schaap
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Delft University of Technology, Wageningen and Delft, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hauke Smidt
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Delft University of Technology, Wageningen and Delft, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Forshaw S, Parker JS, Scott WT, Knighton RC, Tiwari N, Oladeji SM, Stevens AC, Chew YM, Reber J, Clarkson GJ, Balasubramanian MK, Wills M. Increasing the versatility of the biphenyl-fused-dioxacyclodecyne class of strained alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:590-605. [PMID: 38131271 PMCID: PMC10792613 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biphenyl-fused-dioxacyclodecynes are a promising class of strained alkyne for use in Cu-free 'click' reactions. In this paper, a series of functionalised derivatives of this class of reagent, containing fluorescent groups, are described. Studies aimed at understanding and increasing the reactivity of the alkynes are also presented, together with an investigation of the bioconjugation of the reagents with an azide-labelled protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Forshaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jeremy S Parker
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - William T Scott
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard C Knighton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Neelam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Samson M Oladeji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Andrew C Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yean Ming Chew
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jami Reber
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Scott WT, Benito-Vaquerizo S, Zimmermann J, Bajić D, Heinken A, Suarez-Diez M, Schaap PJ. A structured evaluation of genome-scale constraint-based modeling tools for microbial consortia. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011363. [PMID: 37578975 PMCID: PMC10449394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the power of microbial consortia is integral to a diverse range of sectors, from healthcare to biotechnology to environmental remediation. To fully realize this potential, it is critical to understand the mechanisms behind the interactions that structure microbial consortia and determine their functions. Constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) approaches, employing genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs), have emerged as the state-of-the-art tool to simulate the behavior of microbial communities from their constituent genomes. In the last decade, many tools have been developed that use COBRA approaches to simulate multi-species consortia, under either steady-state, dynamic, or spatiotemporally varying scenarios. Yet, these tools have not been systematically evaluated regarding their software quality, most suitable application, and predictive power. Hence, it is uncertain which tools users should apply to their system and what are the most urgent directions that developers should take in the future to improve existing capacities. This study conducted a systematic evaluation of COBRA-based tools for microbial communities using datasets from two-member communities as test cases. First, we performed a qualitative assessment in which we evaluated 24 published tools based on a list of FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) features essential for software quality. Next, we quantitatively tested the predictions in a subset of 14 of these tools against experimental data from three different case studies: a) syngas fermentation by C. autoethanogenum and C. kluyveri for the static tools, b) glucose/xylose fermentation with engineered E. coli and S. cerevisiae for the dynamic tools, and c) a Petri dish of E. coli and S. enterica for tools incorporating spatiotemporal variation. Our results show varying performance levels of the best qualitatively assessed tools when examining the different categories of tools. The differences in the mathematical formulation of the approaches and their relation to the results were also discussed. Ultimately, we provide recommendations for refining future GEM microbial modeling tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Scott
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Delft University of Technology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Benito-Vaquerizo
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Djordje Bajić
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Almut Heinken
- Inserm U1256 Laboratoire nGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Delft University of Technology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Scott WT, Henriques D, Smid EJ, Notebaart RA, Balsa-Canto E. Dynamic genome-scale modeling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae unravels mechanisms for ester formation during alcoholic fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37159408 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae has produced alcoholic beverages and bread for millennia. More recently, S. cerevisiae has been used to manufacture specific metabolites for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Among the most important of these metabolites are compounds associated with desirable aromas and flavors, including higher alcohols and esters. Although the physiology of yeast has been well-studied, its metabolic modulation leading to aroma production in relevant industrial scenarios such as winemaking is still unclear. Here we ask what are the underlying metabolic mechanisms that explain the conserved and varying behavior of different yeasts regarding aroma formation under enological conditions? We employed dynamic flux balance analysis (dFBA) to answer this key question using the latest genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of S. cerevisiae. The model revealed several conserved mechanisms among wine yeasts, for example, acetate ester formation is dependent on intracellular metabolic acetyl-CoA/CoA levels, and the formation of ethyl esters facilitates the removal of toxic fatty acids from cells using CoA. Species-specific mechanisms were also found, such as a preference for the shikimate pathway leading to more 2-phenylethanol production in the Opale strain as well as strain behavior varying notably during the carbohydrate accumulation phase and carbohydrate accumulation inducing redox restrictions during a later cell growth phase for strain Uvaferm. In conclusion, our new metabolic model of yeast under enological conditions revealed key metabolic mechanisms in wine yeasts, which will aid future research strategies to optimize their behavior in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Scott
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Henriques
- Biosystems and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Vigo, IIM-CSIC, Spain
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Notebaart
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Balsa-Canto
- Biosystems and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Vigo, IIM-CSIC, Spain
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Atasoy M, Scott WT, van Gijn K, Koehorst JJ, Smidt H, Langenhoff AAM. Microbial dynamics and bioreactor performance are interlinked with organic matter removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent. Bioresour Technol 2023; 372:128659. [PMID: 36690219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing bioreactor performance for organic matter removal can achieve sustainable and energy-efficient micropollutant removal in subsequent tertiary treatment. Bioreactor performance heavily depends on its resident microbial community; hence, a deeper understanding of community dynamics is essential. The microbial communities of three different bioreactors (biological activated carbon, moving bed biofilm reactor, sand filter), used for organic matter removal from wastewater treatment effluent, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis. An interdependency between bioreactor performance and microbial community profile was observed. Overall, Proteobacteria was the most predominant phylum, and Comamonadaceae was the most predominant family in all bioreactors. The relative abundance of the genus Roseococcus was positively correlated with organic matter removal. A generalized Lotka-Volterra (gLV) model was established to understand the interactions in the microbial community. By identifying microbial dynamics and their role in bioreactors, a strategy can be developed to improve bioreactor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Atasoy
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Technical University Delft, Wageningen and Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, PO box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands.
| | - W T Scott
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Technical University Delft, Wageningen and Delft, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
| | - K van Gijn
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, PO box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J Koehorst
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Technical University Delft, Wageningen and Delft, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
| | - H Smidt
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Technical University Delft, Wageningen and Delft, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
| | - A A M Langenhoff
- UNLOCK, Wageningen University & Research and Technical University Delft, Wageningen and Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, PO box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Scott WT, Smid EJ, Block DE, Notebaart RA. Metabolic flux sampling predicts strain-dependent differences related to aroma production among commercial wine yeasts. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:204. [PMID: 34674718 PMCID: PMC8532357 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics coupled with genome-scale metabolic modeling approaches have been employed recently to quantitatively analyze the physiological states of various organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although yeast physiology in laboratory strains is well-studied, the metabolic states under industrially relevant scenarios such as winemaking are still not sufficiently understood, especially as there is considerable variation in metabolism between commercial strains. To study the potential causes of strain-dependent variation in the production of volatile compounds during enological conditions, random flux sampling and statistical methods were used, along with experimental extracellular metabolite flux data to characterize the differences in predicted intracellular metabolic states between strains. RESULTS It was observed that four selected commercial wine yeast strains (Elixir, Opale, R2, and Uvaferm) produced variable amounts of key volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Principal component analysis was performed on extracellular metabolite data from the strains at three time points of cell cultivation (24, 58, and 144 h). Separation of the strains was observed at all three time points. Furthermore, Uvaferm at 24 h, for instance, was most associated with propanol and ethyl hexanoate. R2 was found to be associated with ethyl acetate and Opale could be associated with isobutanol while Elixir was most associated with phenylethanol and phenylethyl acetate. Constraint-based modeling (CBM) was employed using the latest genome-scale metabolic model of yeast (Yeast8) and random flux sampling was performed with experimentally derived fluxes at various stages of growth as constraints for the model. The flux sampling simulations allowed us to characterize intracellular metabolic flux states and illustrate the key parts of metabolism that likely determine the observed strain differences. Flux sampling determined that Uvaferm and Elixir are similar while R2 and Opale exhibited the highest degree of differences in the Ehrlich pathway and carbon metabolism, thereby causing strain-specific variation in VOC production. The model predictions also established the top 20 fluxes that relate to phenotypic strain variation (e.g. at 24 h). These fluxes indicated that Opale had a higher median flux for pyruvate decarboxylase reactions compared with the other strains. Conversely, R2 which was lower in all VOCs, had higher median fluxes going toward central metabolism. For Elixir and Uvaferm, the differences in metabolism were most evident in fluxes pertaining to transaminase and hexokinase associated reactions. The applied analysis of metabolic divergence unveiled strain-specific differences in yeast metabolism linked to fusel alcohol and ester production. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this approach proved useful in elucidating key reactions in amino acid, carbon, and glycerophospholipid metabolism which suggest genetic divergence in activity in metabolic subsystems among these wine strains related to the observed differences in VOC formation. The findings in this study could steer more focused research endeavors in developing or selecting optimal aroma-producing yeast stains for winemaking and other types of alcoholic fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David E Block
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Notebaart
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Scott WT, van Mastrigt O, Block DE, Notebaart RA, Smid EJ. Nitrogenous Compound Utilization and Production of Volatile Organic Compounds among Commercial Wine Yeasts Highlight Strain-Specific Metabolic Diversity. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0048521. [PMID: 34287034 PMCID: PMC8562342 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00485-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background and environmental conditions affect the production of sensory impact compounds by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The relative importance of the strain-specific metabolic capabilities for the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains unclear. We investigated which amino acids contribute to VOC production and whether amino acid-VOC relations are conserved among yeast strains. Amino acid consumption and production of VOCs during grape juice fermentation was investigated using four commercial wine yeast strains: Elixir, Opale, R2, and Uvaferm. Principal component analysis of the VOC data demonstrated that Uvaferm correlated with ethyl acetate and ethyl hexanoate production, R2 negatively correlated with the acetate esters, and Opale positively correlated with fusel alcohols. Biomass formation was similar for all strains, pointing to metabolic differences in the utilization of nutrients to form VOCs. Partial least-squares linear regression showed that total aroma production is a function of nitrogen utilization (R2 = 0.87). We found that glycine, tyrosine, leucine, and lysine utilization were positively correlated with fusel alcohols and acetate esters. Mechanistic modeling of the yeast metabolic network via parsimonious flux balance analysis and flux enrichment analysis revealed enzymes with crucial roles, such as transaminases and decarboxylases. Our work provides insights in VOC production in wine yeasts. IMPORTANCE Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in grape juice fermentation to produce wines. Along with the genetic background, the nitrogen in the environment in which S. cerevisiae grows impacts its regulation of metabolism. Also, commercial S. cerevisiae strains exhibit immense diversity in their formation of aromas, and a desirable aroma bouquet is an essential characteristic for wines. Since nitrogen affects aroma formation in wines, it is essential to know the extent of this connection and how it leads to strain-dependent aroma profiles in wines. We evaluated the differences in the production of key aroma compounds among four commercial wine strains. Moreover, we analyzed the role of nitrogen utilization on the formation of various aroma compounds. This work illustrates the unique aroma-producing differences among industrial yeast strains and suggests more intricate, nitrogen-associated routes influencing those aroma-producing differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar van Mastrigt
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David E. Block
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Richard A. Notebaart
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J. Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Talukdar S, Owen BM, Song P, Hernandez G, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Scott WT, Paratala B, Turner T, Smith A, Bernardo B, Müller CP, Tang H, Mangelsdorf DJ, Goodwin B, Kliewer SA. FGF21 Regulates Sweet and Alcohol Preference. Cell Metab 2016; 23:344-9. [PMID: 26724861 PMCID: PMC4749404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone induced by various metabolic stresses, including ketogenic and high-carbohydrate diets, that regulates energy homeostasis. In humans, SNPs in and around the FGF21 gene have been associated with macronutrient preference, including carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake. Here we show that FGF21 administration markedly reduces sweet and alcohol preference in mice and sweet preference in cynomolgus monkeys. In mice, these effects require the FGF21 co-receptor β-Klotho in the central nervous system and correlate with reductions in dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens. Since analogs of FGF21 are currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, our findings raise the possibility that FGF21 administration could affect nutrient preference and other reward behaviors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Talukdar
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryn M Owen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Genaro Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yingjiang Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William T Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bhavna Paratala
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Tod Turner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Barbara Bernardo
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Bryan Goodwin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven A Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the ultrasound appearance of the uterus immediately after the placenta was delivered with the gross and histologic findings obtained by manual exploration and sponge curettage. One hundred thirty-one patients underwent a sonographic assessment of the uterus within 5 minutes of placental delivery. A manual exploration and sponge curettage were performed with 2 minutes of the ultrasound examination, and the specimens were assessed for gross and histologic evidence of retained products of conception. Twenty-four (18.8%) of the patients had documented evidence of retained products of conception either by gross inspection or histologic assessment. Nineteen (15%) of the patients had what appeared to be retained products on ultrasound examination. Using our sonographic description of retained products of conception, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasound in detecting retained products was 44%, 92%, 58%, and 87%, respectively. The ultrasound findings in patients with retained products of conception were: a normal endometrial cavity in 9 (37.5%), echogenic mass in 6 (25%), heterogenous mixed density mass in 5 (21%), and fluid only in 4 (16.6%). Of the 6 cases with an echogenic mass, all were associated with retained products of conception. The ultrasound appearance of retained products of conception in the immediate time period after placental delivery is highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Carlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children and Women, Orlando, Florida 32806, USA
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Sperbeck B, Scott WT. An evaluation of apical leakage using glass ionomer and Grossman's sealers. Dentistry 1993; 13:17-21. [PMID: 9485724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wasley JW, Scott WT, Holt AS. Chlorophyllides c. Can J Biochem 1970; 48:376-83. [PMID: 5438325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hess EL, Owen SE, Parsley HV, Scott WT, Slade HD. Scientific Manpower. Science 1951; 114:107-8. [PMID: 17735516 DOI: 10.1126/science.114.2952.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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