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Nasibullina ER, Mendogralo EY, Merkushev AA, Makarov AS, Uchuskin MG. Oxidative Transformation of 2-Furylanilines into Indolin-3-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6602-6606. [PMID: 38635314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Oxidation of 2-furylaninlies with m-CPBA followed by treatment with a base provides access to functionalized indolin-3-ones. The designed oxidative transformation utilizes an underassessed chemical behavior of furyl-containing amines to form a C-N bond via engaging a β-carbon atom of the furan core upon a ring-forming step, thereby providing an alternative disconnection toward nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina R Nasibullina
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Y Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Anton A Merkushev
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Anton S Makarov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation
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2
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Luo ML, Zhao Q, He XH, Xie X, Zhu HP, You FM, Peng C, Zhan G, Huang W. Research progress of indole-fused derivatives as allosteric modulators: Opportunities for drug development. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114574. [PMID: 36996677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation is a direct and effective method for regulating the function of biological macromolecules, which play vital roles in various cellular activities. Unlike orthosteric modulators, allosteric modulators bind to sites distant from the protein's orthosteric/active site and can have specific effects on the protein's function or activity without competing with endogenous ligands. Compared to traditional orthosteric modulators, allosteric modulators offer several advantages, including reduced side effects, greater specificity, and lower toxicity, making them a promising strategy for developing novel drugs. Indole-fused architectures are widely distributed in natural products and bioactive drug leads, displaying diverse biological activities that attract the interest of both chemists and biologists in drug discovery. Currently, an increasing number of indole-fused compounds have exhibited potent activities in allosteric modulation. In this review, we provide a brief summary of examples of allosteric modulators based on the indole-fused complex architecture, highlighting the strategies for drug design/discovery and the structure-activity relationships of allosteric modulators from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.
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Li HP, Wu XL, Zhan G, Fu XJ, Chen JH, He XH, Han B. Construction of cyclopenta[ b]dihydronaphthofurans via TsOH-catalyzed consecutive biscyclization of dithioallylic alcohols and 1-styrylnaphthols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2275-2278. [PMID: 36734602 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An efficient TsOH-catalyzed consecutive biscyclization cascade reaction of dithioallylic alcohols with 1-styrylnaphthols is demonstrated for the concise construction of pharmaceutically important cyclopenta[b]dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds. This process involved an acid-catalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition, providing cyclopenta[b]dihydronaphthofurans bearing a tetra- or fully substituted cyclopentane core in good yields with exclusive diastereoselectivities (>20 : 1 d.r.).
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Ju Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
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Zhan G, Zhao H, Li DA, Wu Y, Fang H, Peng C, Han B. Synthesis of 2,3-bifunctional imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through cycloadditions of pyridinium ylides with N-cyano-4-methyl-N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Luo ML, Huang W, Zhu HP, Peng C, Zhao Q, Han B. Advances in indole-containing alkaloids as potential anticancer agents by regulating autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112827. [PMID: 35316753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and cancer development is often associated with disturbances in the autophagy process. Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in many physiological processes, crucial for cell growth and survival. It is an intracellular lysosomal/vacuolar degradation system. In this system, inner cytoplasmic cell membrane is degraded by lysosomal hydrolases, and the products are released back into the cytoplasm. Indole alkaloids are natural products extensively found in nature and have been proven to possess various pharmacological activities. In recent years, pharmacological studies have demonstrated another potential of indole alkaloids, autophagy regulation. The regulation may contribute to the efficacy of indole alkaloids in preventing and treating cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of indole alkaloids' effect on tumor cells and autophagy. Then, we focus on mechanisms by which indole alkaloids can target the autophagy process associated with cancer, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ROS signaling pathway, Beclin-1, and so on. Literature has been surveyed primarily from 2009 to Nov. 2021, and some semisynthetic or fully synthetic indole derivatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Huang W, Li G, He XH, Li HP, Zhao Q, Li DA, Zhu HP, Zhang YH, Zhan G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydro-αcarbolines as Akt1 inhibitors that inhibit colorectal cancer cells proliferation. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200104. [PMID: 35355421 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of densely functionalized THαCs were designed and synthesized as Akt1 inhibitors. Organocatalytic [3+3] annulation between indolin-2-imines 1 and nitroallylic acetates 2 provided rapid access to this pharmacologically interesting framework. In vitro kinase inhibitory abilities and cytotoxicity assays revealed that compound 3af was the most potent Akt1 inhibitor, and mechanistic study indicated that compound 3af suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Molecular docking suggested that the indole fragment of 3af was inserted into the hydrophobic pocket of Akt1 protein, and the H-bond between 3af and residue Lys179 also contributed to the stable binding. This article provides an efficient strategy to design and synthesize biologically important compounds as novel Akt1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, 1166 Liu Tai Av., 610000, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Guo Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - He-Ping Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Qian Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, 610000, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Dong-Ai Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
| | - Yue-Hua Zhang
- Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, CHINA
| | - Gu Zhan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjiang Campus: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, CHINA
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Seyed Hashtroudi, M, Fathi V, Balalaie S. Applications of DABSO as an SO2 Gas Surrogate in Organic Synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2149-2163. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide), DABCO.SO2, or DABSO, a bench-stable colorless solid, is industrially produced by the reaction of DABCO with the condensed and bubbled sulfur dioxide gas at low temperatures. However,...
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He XH, Fu XJ, Zhan G, Zhang N, Li X, Zhu HP, Peng C, He G, Han B. Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of multifunctionalized α-carboline-spirooxindole hybrids that suppressed proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01785c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric organocatalytic cascade reaction has been reported for the rapid assembly of multifunctionalized α-carboline-spirooxindole hybrids, which suppressed proliferation in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xue-Ju Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Tang X, Wu Y, Jiang J, Fang H, Zhou WJ, Huang W, Zhan G. Formal (3 + 1 + 1) Carboannulation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates with Pyridinium Ylides: Access to Spiro-Cyclopentadiene Oxindoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:8937-8941. [PMID: 34752114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient formal (3 + 1 + 1) carboannulation strategy of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates with pyridinium ylides was developed for constructing diversely functionalized spiro-cyclopentadiene oxindoles. The reaction initiates with an SN2' olefination of MBH carbonates with pyridinium ylides. The in situ generated dienes then engage in a challenging (4 + 1) ylide carboannulation, which has been rarely reported before. The reaction features broad substrate scope as well as high chemo- and regioselectivity. (3 + 1 + 1) carboannulation products could be easily transformed into interesting spiro-cyclopenta[c]furan oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Jingyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
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Shelke YG, Hande PE, Gharpure SJ. Recent advances in the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles and their derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7544-7574. [PMID: 34524330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole unit is a privileged heterocycle found in numerous natural products and has been shown to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. Thus, recent years have witnessed immense interest from the synthesis community on the synthesis of this scaffold. In light of the ever-increasing demand for pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in drug discovery, this review provides an overview of recent synthesis methods for the preparation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles and their derivatives. The mechanistic pathway and stereo-electronic factors affecting the yield and selectivity of the product are briefly explained. Furthermore, we have attempted to demonstrate the utility of the developed methods in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products, wherever offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh G Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of nitroisoxazole-containing spiro[pyrrolidin-oxindole] derivatives as novel glutathione peroxidase 4/mouse double minute 2 dual inhibitors that inhibit breast adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113359. [PMID: 33725632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of highly active CF3-containing 3'-(nitroisoxazole)spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2'-oxindoles] were synthesized and found to be novel glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)/mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) dual inhibitors. Bioactive spirooxindole and isoxazole skeletons were combined, and the resulting compounds exhibited strong activities against both targets. In particular, compound 3d displayed excellent activity in the suppression of MDM2-mediated degradation of p53, as well as levels of GPX4, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, 3d also exhibited inhibitory effects on MDM2 and GPX4 in MCF-7 xenograft model to trigger ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death in in vivo experiments, which was consistent with the results of in vitro experiments.
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Xie X, Xiong SS, Li X, Huang H, Wu FB, Shen PF, Peng C, He G, Han B. Design and organocatalytic synthesis of spirooxindole–cyclopentene–isoxazole hybrids as novel MDM2–p53 inhibitors. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An organocatalytic 1,6-cycloaddition with exclusive α-regioselectivity to synthesize designed spirooxindole–cyclopentene–isoxazole hybrids as novel MDM2–p53 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Shan-Shan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - He Huang
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Feng-Bo Wu
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Peng-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
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