1
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Kumar R. Decennary Update on Oxidative-Rearrangement Involving 1,2-Aryl C-C Migration Around Alkenes: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400053. [PMID: 38741472 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous methodologies on oxidative rearrangements of alkenes have been investigated, that produce multipurpose synthons and heterocyclic scaffolds of potential applications. The present review focused on recently established methodologies for oxidative transformation via 1,2-aryl migration in alkenes (2013-2023). Special emphasis has been placed on mechanistic pathways to understand the reactivity pattern of different substrates, challenges to enhance selectivity, the key role of different reagents, and effect of different substituents, and how they affect the rearrangement process. Moreover, synthetic limitations and future direction also have been discussed. We believe, this review offers new synthetic and mechanistic insight to develop elegant precursors and approaches to explore the utilization of alkene-based compounds for natural product synthesis and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana (India
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2
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Mahulkar PS, Joshi S, Banjare SK, Najiar LO, Ravikumar PC. Expanding the Scope of Alkynes in C-H Activation: Weak Chelation-Assisted Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indole C(4)-Acrylophenone via C-O Bond Cleavage of Propargylic Ethers. Org Lett 2024; 26:2091-2096. [PMID: 38441887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the facile synthesis of indole C(4)-acrylophenone using a C-H bond activation strategy. For this conversion, an unsymmetrical alkyne (phenylethynyl ether) in the presence of cobalt(III)-catalyst works efficiently. In this process, alkyne gets oxidized in the presence of in situ generated water, which is the key step for this method, for which trifluoroethanol is the water source. The pivaloyl directing group chelates effectively to generate the cobaltacycle intermediate, which was detected through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Also, the formation of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether has been confirmed and quantified using 19F NMR. In addition, the applicability of obtained indole C(4)-acrylophenone product has been demonstrated by performing the Nazarov cyclization and conjugate addition to the α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Shridhar Mahulkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sofaya Joshi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Lamphiza O Najiar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ponneri C Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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3
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Lemmerer M, Maulide N. Lewis Base-assisted Arylation of Unsaturated Carbonyls. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302490. [PMID: 37647146 PMCID: PMC10947297 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of Lewis bases with α,β-unsaturated carbonyls allows the in-situ generation of enolates without the need for strong Brønsted bases. Recently developed synthetic methods employ this approach for arylation followed by elimination of the Lewis base, regenerating the alkene. This strategy has been deployed for formal α- or β-C-H arylation in different contexts, namely (a) transition metal catalysis, (b) rearrangement reactions utilizing hypervalent main group elements and (c) organocatalysis. This concept article provides an overview of the developed strategies, highlighting and contextualizing their features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Lemmerer
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
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4
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He J, Du FH, Zhang C, Du Y. Chemoselective cycloisomerization of O-alkenylbenzamides via concomitant 1,2-aryl migration/elimination mediated by hypervalent iodine reagents. Commun Chem 2023; 6:126. [PMID: 37330613 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As an ambident nucleophile, controlling the reaction selectivities of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in amide moiety is a challenging issue in organic synthesis. Herein, we present a chemodivergent cycloisomerization approach to construct isoquinolinone and iminoisocoumarin skeletons from o-alkenylbenzamide derivatives. The chemo-controllable strategy employed an exclusive 1,2-aryl migration/elimination cascade, enabled by different hypervalent iodine species generated in situ from the reaction of iodosobenzene (PhIO) with MeOH or 2,4,6-tris-isopropylbenzene sulfonic acid. DFT studies revealed that the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the intermediates in the two reaction systems have different nucleophilicities and thus produce the selectivity of N or O-attack modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng-Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Maity S, Szpilman AM. 2-Fluoroenones via an Umpolung Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of Enones. Org Lett 2023; 25:1218-1222. [PMID: 36779928 PMCID: PMC9972470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Several methods have been reported for the formation of 2-fluoroenones. However, all these methods involve laborious multiple-step sequences with resulting low overall yields. In this paper, we report the first formal enone-α-H to F substitution, leading to 2-fluoroenones in a single step from ubiquitous enones in 63-90% yield. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of aromatic and alkenyl enones and is carried out at room temperature using HF-pyridine complex as the fluoride source. Mechanistic investigations support that the reaction takes place through a rare umpolung Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type mechanism.
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6
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Sihag M, Soni R, Rani N, Kinger M, Kumar Aneja D. Recent Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. A Review in Three Installments: Installment III. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
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7
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García‐Vázquez V, Carretero Cerdán A, Sanz‐Marco A, Gómez‐Bengoa E, Martín‐Matute B. An Expedient Method for the Umpolung Coupling of Enols with Heteronucleophiles**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201000. [PMID: 35638139 PMCID: PMC9400875 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an unprecedented and general umpolung protocol that allows the functionalization of silyl enol ethers and of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with a large range of heteroatom nucleophiles, including carboxylic acids, alcohols, primary and secondary amines, azide, thiols, and also anionic carbamates derived from CO2. The scope of the reaction also extends to carbon‐based nucleophiles. The reaction relies on the use of 1‐bromo‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐1λ3[d][1,2]iodaoxole, which provides a key α‐brominated carbonyl intermediate. The reaction mechanism has been studied experimentally and by DFT, and we propose formation of an unusual enolonium intermediate with a halogen‐bonded bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Carretero Cerdán
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz‐Marco
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Enrique Gómez‐Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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8
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Holst HM, Floreancig JT, Ritts CB, Race NJ. Aziridine Opening via a Phenonium Ion Enables Synthesis of Complex Phenethylamine Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:501-505. [PMID: 34967220 PMCID: PMC8796817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report that the treatment of unsymmetrical 2,3-disubstituted aziridines with TiCl4 yields β-phenethylamine products via the intermediacy of a phenonium ion. Derivatization of the products obtained via this method is demonstrated. Computational analysis of the reaction pathway provides insight into the reaction mechanism, including the selectivity of the phenonium opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jack T Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Casey B Ritts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas J Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Modak A, Alegre-Requena JV, de Lescure L, Rynders KJ, Paton RS, Race NJ. Homologation of Electron-Rich Benzyl Bromide Derivatives via Diazo C-C Bond Insertion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:86-92. [PMID: 34898193 PMCID: PMC8755606 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate C-C bonds for selective chemical transformations is challenging and represents a growing area of research. Here, we report a formal insertion of diazo compounds into the "unactivated" C-C bond of benzyl bromide derivatives catalyzed by a simple Lewis acid. The homologation reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of a phenonium ion, and the products contain benzylic quaternary centers and an alkyl bromide amenable to further derivatization. Computational analysis provides critical insight into the reaction mechanism, in particular the key selectivity-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Modak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Louis de Lescure
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kathryn J Rynders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Nicholas J Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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10
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Lin XL, Yu Y, Zhang L, Leng LJ, Xiao DR, Cai T, Luo QL. Switchable synthesis of 1,4-bridged dihydroisoquinoline-3-ones and isoquinoline-1,3,4-triones through radical oxidation of isoquinolinium salts with phenyliodine( iii) diacetate. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A switchable synthesis of 1,4-bridged dihydroisoquinoline-3-ones and isoquinoline-1,3,4-triones is developed via radical oxidation of isoquinolinium salts with PhI(OAc)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li-Jing Leng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong-Rong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qun-Li Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Kumar R, Nguyen QH, Um TW, Shin S. Recent Progress in Enolonium Chemistry under Metal-Free Conditions. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100172. [PMID: 34418282 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Umpolung approach through inversion of the polarity of conventional enolates, has opened up an unprecedented opportunity in the cross-coupling via alkylation. The enolonium equivalents can be accessed either by hypervalent iodine reagents, activation/oxidation of amides, or the oxidation of alkynes. Under umpolung conditions, highly basic conditions required for classical enolate chemistry can be avoided, and they can couple with unmodified nucleophiles such as heteroatom donors and electron-rich arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Quynh H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Um
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
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12
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Jud W, Sommer F, Kappe CO, Cantillo D. Electrochemical α-Arylation of Ketones via Anodic Oxidation of In Situ Generated Silyl Enol Ethers. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16026-16034. [PMID: 34343004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical procedure for the α-arylation of ketones has been developed. The method is based on the generation and one-pot anodic oxidation of silyl enol ethers in the presence of the arene. This strategy avoids isolation of the silyl enol intermediate and the utilization of external supporting electrolytes. Intermolecular arylations, which had not been reported so far, are possible when electron-rich arenes are utilized as coupling partners. The method has been demonstrated for a wide variety of aryl ketones and activated arenes, with moderate to good yields (up to 69%) obtained. Mechanistic insights and a theoretical rationale that explains the ketone α-arylation versus dimerization selectivity are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jud
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Sommer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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13
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Guan YY, Wu XX, Liu YF, Chao JB, Wen ZK. Palladium catalyzed desulfurative coupling of allyl sulfides with organoboronic acids. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed desulfurative coupling of allylthioethers with organoboronic acids under mild reaction conditions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu-Fang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jian-Bin Chao
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhen-Kang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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