1
|
Kauth AM, Niebuhr R, Ravoo BJ. Arylazopyrazoles for Conjugation by CuAAC Click Chemistry. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6371-6376. [PMID: 38619381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches are increasingly being implemented in bioactive compounds and responsive materials. For this purpose, photoswitches must be coupled to a wide variety of substrates and scaffolds. We present a library of "clickable" arylazopyrazoles (AAPs), which can be conjugated by Cu-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). All synthesized AAP alkynes show good photostationary states (at least 88%) and long half-life times of the Z-isomer (18 to 108 h). The AAP azides decompose upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, but after CuAAC, all AAPs exhibit good photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa-Maite Kauth
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rebecca Niebuhr
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Steinmüller SAM, Odaybat M, Galli G, Prischich D, Fuchter MJ, Decker M. Arylazobenzimidazoles: versatile visible-light photoswitches with tuneable Z-isomer stability. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5360-5367. [PMID: 38577348 PMCID: PMC10988581 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole heterocycles are of great importance in medicinal chemistry due to their applicability to a wide range of pharmacological targets, therefore representing a prototypical "privileged structure". In photopharmacology, azoheteroarene photoswitches have emerged as valuable tools for a variety of applications due to the high tuneability of their photophysical properties. Benzimidazole-based photoswitches could therefore enable the optically-controlled investigation of many pharmacological targets and find application in materials science. Here we report a combined experimental and computational investigation of such arylazobenzimidazoles, which allowed us to identify derivatives with near-quantitative bidirectional photoswitching using visible light and highly tuneable Z-isomer stability. We further demonstrate that arylazobenzimidazoles bearing a free benzimidazole N-H group not only exhibit efficient bidirectional photoswitching, but also excellent thermal Z-isomer stability, contrary to previously reported fast-relaxing Z-isomers of N-H azoheteroarenes. Finally, we describe derivatives which can be reversibly isomerized with cyan and red light, thereby enabling significantly "red-shifted" photocontrol over prior azoheteroarenes. The understanding gained in this study should enable future photopharmacological efforts by employing photoswitches based on the privileged benzimidazole structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A M Steinmüller
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Magdalena Odaybat
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Davia Prischich
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu J, Kreimendahl L, Tao S, Anhalt O, Greenfield JL. Photoswitchable imines: aryliminopyrazoles quantitatively convert to long-lived Z-isomers with visible light. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3872-3878. [PMID: 38487238 PMCID: PMC10935669 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Arylimines offer promise in dynamic-covalent materials due to their recyclability and ease of synthesis. However, their light-triggered E/Z isomerism has received little attention. This is attributed to challenges that include low thermal stability of their metastable state (<60 s at 20 °C), incomplete photoswitching (<50% to the metastable state), and the need for UV light (≤365 nm). We overcome these limitations with a novel class of imine photoswitch, the aryliminopyrazoles (AIPs). These AIPs can be switched using visible light (470 nm), attain photostationary states with over 95% of the Z-isomer, exhibit great resistance to fatigue, and have thermal half-lives up to 19.2 hours at room temperature. Additionally, they display T-type and negative photochromism under visible light irradiation-a useful property. The photochromic properties, quantitative assembly and accessibility of precursors set these photoswitches apart from their azo-based analogues. These findings open avenues for next-generation photoresponsive dynamic-covalent materials driven solely by these new photochromic linkages and further exploration of photocontrolled dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wu
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lasse Kreimendahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Suyuan Tao
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Olga Anhalt
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mukherjee A, Seyfried MD, Ravoo BJ. Azoheteroarene and Diazocine Molecular Photoswitches: Self-Assembly, Responsive Materials and Photopharmacology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304437. [PMID: 37212536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic units tethered with an azo (-N=N-) functionality comprise a unique class of compounds, known as molecular photoswitches, exhibiting a reversible transformation between their E- and Z-isomers in response to photo-irradiation. Photoswitches have been explored extensively in the recent past to prepare dynamic self-assembled materials, optoelectronic devices, responsive biomaterials, and more. Most of such materials involve azobenzenes as the molecular photoswitch and to date, SciFinder lists more than 7000 articles and 1000 patents. Subsequently, a great deal of effort has been invested to improve the photo-isomerization efficiency and related mesoscopic properties of azobenzenes. Recently, azoheteroarenes and cyclic azobenzenes, such as arylazopyrazoles, arylazoisoxazoles, arylazopyridines, and diazocines, have emerged as second generation molecular photoswitches beyond conventional azobenzenes. These photoswitches offer distinct photoswitching behavior and responsive properties which make them highly promising candidates for multifaceted applications ranging from photoresponsive materials to photopharmacophores. In this minireview, we introduce the structural refinement and photoresponsive properties of azoheteroarenes and diazocines and summarize the state-of-the-art on utilizing these photoswitches as responsive building blocks in supramolecular assembly, material science and photopharmacology, highlighting their versatile photochemical behavior, enhanced functionality, and latest applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mukherjee
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian D Seyfried
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adrion DM, Lopez SA. Design rules for optimization of photophysical and kinetic properties of azoarene photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7351-7357. [PMID: 37646103 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Azoarenes are an important class of molecular photoswitches that often undergo E → Z isomerization with ultraviolet light and have short Z-isomer lifetimes. Azobenzene has been a widely studied photoswitch for decades but can be poorly suited for photopharmacological applications due to its UV-light absorption and short-lived Z-isomer half-life (t1/2). Recently, diazo photoswitches with one or more thiophene rings in place of a phenyl ring have emerged as promising candidates, as they exhibit a stable photostationary state (98% E → Z conversion) and E-isomer absorption (λmax) in the visible light range (405 nm). In this work, we performed density functional theory calculations [PBE0-D3BJ/6-31+G(d,p)] on 26 hemi-azothiophenes, substituted with one phenyl ring and one thiophene ring on the diazo bond. We calculated the E-isomer absorption (λmax) and Z-isomer t1/2 for a set of 26 hemi-azothiophenes. We compared their properties to thiophene-based photoswitches that have been studied previously. We separated the 26 proposed photoswitches into four quadrants based on their λmax and t1/2 relative to past generations of hemi-azothiophene photoswitches. We note 8 hemi-azothiophenes with redshifted λmax and longer t1/2 than previous systems. Our top candidate has λmax and a t1/2 approaching 360 nm and 279 years, respectively. The results here present a pathway towards leveraging and optimizing two properties of photoswitches previously thought to be inversely related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Medved' M, Di Donato M, Buma WJ, Laurent AD, Lameijer L, Hrivnák T, Romanov I, Tran S, Feringa BL, Szymanski W, Woolley GA. Mechanistic Basis for Red Light Switching of Azonium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19894-19902. [PMID: 37656631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Azonium ions formed by the protonation of tetra-ortho-methoxy-substituted aminoazobenzenes photoisomerize with red light under physiological conditions. This property makes them attractive as molecular tools for the photocontrol of physiological processes, for example, in photopharmacology. However, a mechanistic understanding of the photoisomerization process and subsequent thermal relaxation is necessary for the rational application of these compounds as well as for guiding the design of derivatives with improved properties. Using a combination of sub-ps/ns transient absorption measurements and quantum chemical calculations, we show that the absorption of a photon by the protonated E-H+ form of the photoswitch causes rapid (ps) isomerization to the protonated Z-H+ form, which can also absorb red light. Proton transfer to solvent then occurs on a microsecond time scale, leading to an equilibrium between Z and Z-H+ species, the position of which depends on the solution pH. Whereas thermal isomerization of the neutral Z form to the neutral E form is slow (∼0.001 s-1), thermal isomerization of Z-H+ to E-H+ is rapid (∼100 s-1), so the solution pH also governs the rate at which E/E-H+ concentrations are restored after a light pulse. This analysis provides the first complete mechanistic picture that explains the observed intricate photoswitching behavior of azonium ions at a range of pH values. It further suggests features of azonium ions that could be targeted for improvement to enhance the applicability of these compounds for the photocontrol of biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Medved'
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- CNR-ICCOM, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lucien Lameijer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AF Groningen, The Netherlands
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tomáš Hrivnák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Romanov
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susannah Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AF Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AF Groningen, The Netherlands
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Andrew Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dolai A, Box SM, Bhunia S, Bera S, Das A, Samanta S. Photoisomerization of 2-Arylazoimidazoles under Visible Light: Identifying a Predictive Tool to Anticipate and Tune Likely Photoswitching Performance and Cis Half-Life. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37368413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Azopyrazoles are an emerging class of photoswitches, whereas analogous azoimidazole-based switches are unable to draw much attention because of their short cis half-lives, poor cis-trans photoreversion yields, and toxic ultraviolet (UV) light-assisted isomerization. A series of 24 various aryl-substituted N-methyl-2-arylazoimidazoles were synthesized, and their photoswitching performances and cis-trans isomerization kinetics were thoroughly investigated experimentally and theoretically. Para-π-donor-substituted azoimidazoles with highly twisted T-shaped cis conformations showed nearly complete bidirectional photoswitching, whereas di-o-substituted switches exhibited very long cis half-lives (days-years) with nearly ideal T-shaped conformations. This study demonstrates how the electron density in the aryl ring affects cis half-life and cis-trans photoreversion via twisting of the NNAr dihedral angle that can be used as a predictive metric for envisaging and tuning the likely switching performance and half-life of any given 2-arylazoimidazole. By applying this tool, two better-performing azoimidazole photoswitches were engineered. All switches permitted irradiation by violet (400-405 nm) and orange (>585 nm) light for forward and reverse isomerization, respectively, and displayed comparatively high quantum yields and impressive resistance to photobleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Majid Box
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arndt NB, Adolphs T, Arlinghaus HF, Heidrich B, Ravoo BJ. Arylazopyrazole-Modified Thiolactone Acrylate Copolymer Brushes for Tuneable and Photoresponsive Wettability of Glass Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5342-5351. [PMID: 37011284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitches have long been employed in coatings for surfaces and substrates to harness light as a versatile stimulus to induce responsive behavior. We previously demonstrated the viability of arylazopyrazole (AAP) as a photoswitch in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon and glass surfaces for photoresponsive wetting applications. We now aim to transfer the excellent photophysical properties of AAPs to polymer brush coatings. Compared to SAMs, polymer brushes offer enhanced stability and an increase of the thickness and density of the functional organic layer. In this work, we present thiolactone acrylate copolymer brushes which can be post-modified with AAP amines as well as hydrophobic acrylates, making use of the unique chemistry of the thiolactones. This strategy enables photoresponsive wetting with a tuneable range of contact angle change on glass substrates. We show the successful synthesis of thiolactone hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer brushes by means of surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization with the option to either prepare homogeneous brushes or to prepare micrometer-sized brush patterns by microcontact printing. The polymer brushes were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoresponsive behavior imparted to the brushes by means of post-modification with AAP is monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy, and wetting behavior of homogeneous brushes is measured by static and dynamic contact angle measurements. The brushes show an average change in static contact angle of around 13° between E and Z isomer of the AAP photoswitch for at least five cycles, while the range of contact angle change can be fine-tuned between 53.5°/66.5° (E/Z) and 81.5°/94.8° (E/Z) by post-modification with hydrophobic acrylates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas B Arndt
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Adolphs
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Physics Institute, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Physics Institute, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Heidrich
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 29, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziani Z, Cobo S, Loiseau F, Jouvenot D, Lognon E, Boggio-Pasqua M, Royal G. All Visible Light Photoswitch Based on the Dimethyldihydropyrene Unit Operating in Aqueous Solutions with High Quantum Yields. JACS AU 2023; 3:131-142. [PMID: 36711101 PMCID: PMC9875246 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular systems and devices whose properties can be modulated using light as an external stimulus are the subject of numerous research studies in the fields of materials and life sciences. In this context, the use of photochromic compounds that reversibly switch upon light irradiation is particularly attractive. However, for many envisioned applications, and in particular for biological purposes, illumination with harmful UV light must be avoided and these photoactivable systems must operate in aqueous media. In this context, we have designed a benzo[e]-fused dimethyldihydropyrene compound bearing a methyl-pyridinium electroacceptor group that meets these requirements. This compound (closed state) is able to reversibly isomerize under aerobic conditions into its corresponding cyclophanediene form (open isomer) through the opening of its central carbon-carbon bond. Both the photo-opening and the reverse photoclosing processes are triggered by visible light illumination and proceed with high quantum yields (respectively 14.5% yield at λ = 680 nm and quantitative quantum yield at λ = 470 nm, in water). This system has been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance and absorption spectroscopy, and the efficient photoswitching behavior was rationalized by spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory calculations. In addition, it is demonstrated that the isomerization from the open to the closed form can be electrocatalytically triggered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Ziani
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, Grenoble38000, France
| | | | | | - Elise Lognon
- LCPQ
UMR 5626, CNRS et Université Toulouse
III − Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse31062, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- LCPQ
UMR 5626, CNRS et Université Toulouse
III − Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse31062, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, Grenoble38000, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen X, Zhang C, Lan F, Su Z, Zheng Y, Zheng T, Xiong Q, Xie X, Du G, Zhao X, Hu C, Deng P, Yu Z. Dibenzo[
b
,
f
][1,4,5]chalcogenadiazepine Photoswitches: Conversion of Excitation Energy into Ring Strain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209441. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Cefei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Fengying Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yuanqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Guangxi Du
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen X, Zhang C, Lan F, Su Z, Zheng Y, Zheng T, Xiong Q, Xie X, Du G, Zhao X, Hu C, Deng P, Yu Z. Dibenzo[b,f][1,4,5]chalcogenadiazepine Photoswitches: Conversion of Excitation Energy into Ring Strain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Sichuan University Department of Chemistry 610000 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Cefei Zhang
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Fengying Lan
- Sichuan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhishan Su
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | - Qin Xiong
- Sichuan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Sichuan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Guangxi Du
- Sichuan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Sichuan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Changwei Hu
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Pengchi Deng
- Sichuan University Analytical & Testing Center CHINA
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Chemistry College of Chemistry29 Wangjianglu, Jiuyanqiao 610064 Chengdu CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gaur AK, Kumar H, Gupta D, Tom IP, Nampoothiry DN, Thakur SK, Mahadevan A, Singh S, Venkataramani S. Structure-Property Relationship for Visible Light Bidirectional Photoswitchable Azoheteroarenes and Thermal Stability of Z-Isomers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6541-6551. [PMID: 35486716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach has been adopted to synthesize a wide range of visible light-driven photoswitchable azoheteroarenes. In this regard, we considered ortho substitution of cyclic amines in the aryl ring and varied substitution patterns. Using detailed spectroscopic studies, we established a relationship between structure and photoswitching ability and also half-lives of the Z-isomers. Through this, we envision tunable and bidirectional longer wavelength photoswitches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Gaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Debapriya Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Irin Pottanani Tom
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Dhanyaj Narayanan Nampoothiry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhunia S, Dolai A, Bera S, Samanta S. Near-Complete Bidirectional Photoisomerization of para-Dialkylamino-Substituted Arylazopyrazoles under Violet and Green or Red Lights. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4449-4454. [PMID: 35201776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
para-Dimethylamine- and para-pyrrolidine-substituted arylazopyrazoles display very high to near-quantitative or quantitative bidirectional isomerization under violet and green or red lights in both polar (DMSO and DMSO/aqueous buffer, pH 7.5) and nonpolar solvents. These switches confer a reasonable thermal stability to their cis-states (t1/2 ≈ 4-7 h in DMSO and DMSO/buffer) and also show a high level of resistance to photobleaching and an impressive stability to reduction by glutathione. Using DFT calculations, attempts have been made to decipher the photophysical properties and thermal stabilities of the cis isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adrion DM, Lopez SA. Cross-conjugation controls the stabilities and photophysical properties of heteroazoarene photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5989-5998. [PMID: 35014651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Azoarene photoswitches are versatile molecules that interconvert from their E-isomer to their Z-isomer with light. Azobenzene is a prototypical photoswitch but its derivatives can be poorly suited for in vivo applications such as photopharmacology due to undesired photochemical reactions promoted by ultraviolet light and the relatively short half-life (t1/2) of the Z-isomer (2 days). Experimental and computational studies suggest that these properties (λmax of the E isomer and t1/2 of the Z-isomer) are inversely related. We identified isomeric azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans from a high-throughput screening study of 1540 azoarenes as photoswitch candidates with improved λmax and t1/2 values relative to azobenzene. We used density functional theory to predict the activation free energies and vertical excitation energies of the E- and Z-isomers of 2,2- and 3,3-substituted azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans. The half-lives depend on whether the heterocycles are π-conjugated or cross-conjugated with the diazo π-bond. The 2,2-substituted azoarenes both have t1/2 values on the scale of 1 hour, while the 3,3-analogues have computed half-lives of 40 and 230 years (thiophene and furan, respectively). The 2,2-substituted heteroazoarenes have significantly higher λmax absorptions than their 3,3-substituted analogues: 76 nm for azofuran and 77 nm for azothiophene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|