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Das A, Justin Thomas KR. Generation and Application of Aryl Radicals Under Photoinduced Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400193. [PMID: 38546345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced aryl radical generation is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis that facilitates the formation of diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The synthetic applications of photoinduced aryl radical formation in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, including natural products, physiologically significant molecules, and functional materials, have received immense attention. An overview of current developments in photoinduced aryl radical production methods and their uses in organic synthesis is given in this article. A generalized idea of how to choose the reagents and approach for the generation of aryl radicals is described, along with photoinduced techniques and associated mechanistic insights. Overall, this article offers a critical assessment of the mechanistic results as well as the selection of reaction parameters for specific reagents in the context of radical cascades, cross-coupling reactions, aryl radical functionalization, and selective C-H functionalization of aryl substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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2
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Li F, Han X, Xu Z, Zhang CP. Photoinduced Trifluoromethylselenolation of Aryl Halides with [Me 4N][SeCF 3]. Org Lett 2023; 25:7884-7889. [PMID: 37877897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced metal-free trifluoromethylselenolation of aryl iodides and bromides with [Me4N][SeCF3] is described. The reaction was conducted at ambient temperature by successfully harnessing the light-sensitive SeCF3 reagent. Mechanistically, the EDA complexes between aryl halide and the -SeCF3 anion or the base might be formed and excited by light, which subsequently undergo intracomplex SET processes to generate aryl and •SeCF3 radicals as key intermediates, allowing a convenient and green access to various aryl trifluoromethyl selenoethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziang Xu
- Department of Marine Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Gallego-Gamo A, Reyes-Mesa D, Guinart-Guillem A, Pleixats R, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Vallribera A, Granados A. Site-selective and metal-free C-H phosphonation of arenes via photoactivation of thianthrenium salts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23359-23364. [PMID: 37559697 PMCID: PMC10407877 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl phosphonates are prevalent moieties in medicinal chemistry and agrochemicals. Their chemical synthesis normally relies on the use of precious metals, harsh conditions or aryl halides as substrates. Herein, we describe a sustainable light-promoted and site-selective C-H phosphonation of arenes via thianthrenation and the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex (EDA) as key steps. The method tolerates a wide range of functional groups including biomolecules. The use of sunlight also promotes this transformation and our mechanistic investigations support a radical chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallego-Gamo
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Reyes-Mesa
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Axel Guinart-Guillem
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Granados
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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Ke S, Liao H, Qin H, Wang Y, Li Y. Access to Benzocyclic Boronates via Light-Promoted Intramolecular Arylborylation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6237-6246. [PMID: 37040625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzocyclic boronates have attracted increasing research interest in drug chemistry and organic synthesis in recent years. Herein, we report a facile access to benzocyclic boronates through photopromoted intramolecular arylborylation of allyl aryldiazonium salts. This simple protocol features a broad scope, allowing the formation of variously functionalized borates bearing dihydrobenzofuran, dihydroindene, benzothiophene, and indoline skeletons under mild and sustainable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huanqing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Sheng H, Liu Q, Zhang BB, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Induced N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Single Electron Reduction of Mono-Fluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218468. [PMID: 36633173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroarenes are abundant and readily available feedstocks. However, due to the high reduction potentials of mono-fluoroarenes, their photoreduction remains a continuing challenge, motivating the development of efficient activation modes to address this issue. This report presents the blue light-induced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed single electron reduction of mono-fluoroarenes for biaryl cross-couplings. We discovered that under blue light irradiation, NHC/tBuOK combination could construct powerful photoactive architectures to promote single electron transfer for Caryl -F bond reduction via forming highly reducing NHC radical anion. Notably, the strategy was also successful to reduce Caryl -O, Caryl -N, and Caryl -S bonds for biaryl cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China
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Roy VJ, Raha Roy S. Light-Induced Activation of C-X Bond via Carbonate-Assisted Anion-π Interactions: Applications to C-P and C-B Bond Formation. Org Lett 2023; 25:923-927. [PMID: 36752768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We have presented a carbonate anion assisted photochemical protocol for the C-X bond activation. Anion-π interactions have been leveraged to generate aryl radicals from easily accessible aryl halides that are further utilized in C-P and C-B bond formation reactions with excellent reactivity and broad functional group tolerance. Spectroscopic investigations and DFT studies were conducted for mechanistic insights. This inexpensive method alleviates the use of a photocatalyst and the need of preactivation of the substrate for the light-induced activation of C-X bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Dou Q, Wang T, Cheng B, Li CJ, Zeng H. Recent advances in photochemical construction of aromatic C–P bonds via C–hetero bond cleavage. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8818-8832. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical C–P bond cross-coupling in aromatics via C–X (X = F, Cl, Br, I), C–N bond and C–O bond cleavages with/without photosensitizer were summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dou
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Taimin Wang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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