1
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Konrad DB, Rühmann KP, Ando H, Hetzler BE, Strassner N, Houk KN, Matsuura BS, Trauner D. A concise synthesis of tetrodotoxin. Science 2022; 377:411-415. [PMID: 35862530 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxic natural product that is an indispensable probe in neuroscience, a biosynthetic and ecological enigma, and a celebrated target of synthetic chemistry. Here, we present a stereoselective synthesis of TTX that proceeds in 22 steps from a glucose derivative. The central cyclohexane ring of TTX and its α-tertiary amine moiety were established by the intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrile oxide, followed by alkynyl addition to the resultant isoxazoline. A ruthenium-catalyzed hydroxylactonization set the stage for the formation of the dioxa-adamantane core. Installation of the guanidine, oxidation of a primary alcohol, and a late-stage epimerization gave a mixture of TTX and anhydro-TTX. This synthetic approach could give ready access to biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Konrad
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Rühmann
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Hiroyasu Ando
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences and Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Belinda E Hetzler
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Nina Strassner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bryan S Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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2
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Abstract
This review deals with the synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloids containing partially or completely saturated pyrimidine nuclei. The interest in these compounds is associated with their structural diversity, high biological activity and toxicity. The review is divided into four parts, each of which describes a number of synthetic methodologies toward structurally different naturally occurring alkaloids containing saturated cyclic six-membered amidine, guanidine, aminal and urea (thiourea) moieties, respectively. The development of various synthetic strategies for the preparation of these compounds has remarkably increased during the past few decades. This is primarily due to the fact that some of these compounds are isolated only in limited quantities, which makes it practically impossible to study their full structural characteristics and biological activity.
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3
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Robins JG, Johnson JS. An Oxidative Dearomatization Approach to Tetrodotoxin via a Masked ortho-Benzoquinone. Org Lett 2022; 24:559-563. [PMID: 34968070 PMCID: PMC8792300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Progress toward a stereoselective synthesis of tetrodotoxin (TTX) is presented. Oxidative dearomatization of a tetrasubstituted guaiacol arene yielded a masked ortho-benzoquinone that intercepted an acyl nitroso species generated in situ by the copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of an acyl hydroxylamine. The subsequent alkene dihydroxylation and reduction of a bis-neopentylic ketone proceeded with perfect diastereoselectivity to reveal advanced intermediates toward the synthesis of TTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Robins
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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4
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Zhang M, Shen L, Dong S, Li B, Meng F, Si W, Yang W. DTBP‐Mediated Cascade Spirocyclization and Dearomatization of Biaryl Ynones: Facile Access to Spiro[5.5]trienones through C(sp
3
)−H Bond Functionalization. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ming Zhang
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Liu‐Yu Shen
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Sa Dong
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Fei Meng
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Jie Si
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Chao Yang
- Guangling College and Institute of Pesticide of School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P. R. China
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5
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Nishikawa K, Noguchi T, Kikuchi S, Maruyama T, Araki Y, Yotsu-Yamashita M, Morimoto Y. Tetrodotoxin Framework Construction from Linear Substrates Utilizing a Hg(OTf)2-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reaction: Synthesis of the Unnatural Analogue 11-nor-6,7,8-Trideoxytetrodotoxin. Org Lett 2021; 23:1703-1708. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Seiho Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Araki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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6
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Application of marine natural products in drug research. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 35:116058. [PMID: 33588288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New diseases are emerging as the environment changes, so drug manufacturers are always on the lookout for new resources to develop effective and safe drugs. In recent years, many bioactive substances have been produced in the marine environment, which represents an alternative resource for new drugs used to combat major diseases such as cancer or inflammation. Many marine-derived medicinal substances are in preclinical or early stage of clinical development, and some marine drugs have been put on the market, such as ET743 (Yondelis®). This review presents the sources, activities, mechanisms of action and syntheses of bioactive substances based on marine natural products in clinical trials and on the market, which is helpful to understand the progress of drug research by application of marine natural products.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Murakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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8
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Murakami K, Toma T, Fukuyama T, Yokoshima S. Total Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6253-6257. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Murakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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9
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Makarova M, Rycek L, Hajicek J, Baidilov D, Hudlicky T. Tetrodotoxin: Geschichte, Biologie und Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Makarova
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Lukas Rycek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hajicek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daler Baidilov
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
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10
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Makarova M, Rycek L, Hajicek J, Baidilov D, Hudlicky T. Tetrodotoxin: History, Biology, and Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18338-18387. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Makarova
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Lukas Rycek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hajicek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daler Baidilov
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
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11
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Johnson RE, Ree H, Hartmann M, Lang L, Sawano S, Sarpong R. Total Synthesis of Pentacyclic (-)-Ambiguine P Using Sequential Indole Functionalizations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2233-2237. [PMID: 30702879 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of a pentacyclic ambiguine (ambiguine P) is reported. The synthesis takes advantage of sequential alkylations of an indole core to rapidly construct the pentacyclic framework of the natural product. Key to the success of the synthesis was the use of a Nicholas reaction to alkylate at C2, crafting a fused seven-membered ring that is characteristic of the pentacyclic ambiguines, as well as the use of an amide-directed functionalization at C12 to set a requisite quaternary center. A versatile late-stage intermediate was prepared that may be applicable to the synthesis of the other pentacyclic ambiguines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Hwisoo Ree
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Marco Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Laura Lang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Shota Sawano
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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12
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Baidilov D, Rycek L, Trant JF, Froese J, Murphy B, Hudlicky T. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Advanced Intermediates for Formal Total Syntheses of Tetrodotoxin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10994-10998. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daler Baidilov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Lukas Rycek
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Jordan Froese
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Brennan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
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13
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Baidilov D, Rycek L, Trant JF, Froese J, Murphy B, Hudlicky T. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Advanced Intermediates for Formal Total Syntheses of Tetrodotoxin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daler Baidilov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Lukas Rycek
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Jordan Froese
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Brennan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catahrines ON L2S 3A1 Canada
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14
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Maehara T, Motoyama K, Toma T, Yokoshima S, Fukuyama T. Total Synthesis of (−)‐Tetrodotoxin and 11‐norTTX‐6(
R
)‐ol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1549-1552. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Maehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Keisuke Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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15
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Maehara T, Motoyama K, Toma T, Yokoshima S, Fukuyama T. Total Synthesis of (−)-Tetrodotoxin and 11-norTTX-6(R
)-ol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Maehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Keisuke Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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