1
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Bao M, Carriola DVN, Arman H, Doyle MP. HNTf 2-Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinyldiazoacetates to Indole-Substituted Diazo Compounds and Their Conversion to Carbazoles. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38796778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Triflimide catalysis of the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of 3-indolymethanols with vinyldiazoacetates provides general access to β-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-substituted α-diazoesters. Initiated by addition of the in situ generated vinylogous iminium electrophile from 3-indolymethanol to the vinylogous position of the vinyldiazo compound and completed by intramolecular cyclization from the vinyldiazonium ion intermediate, this transformation occurs in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. The resulting α-diazoesters undergo Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed substrate-dependent 1,2-migration to form multisubstituted carbazoles in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Diana Victoria Navarrete Carriola
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, México
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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2
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Suresh S, Chien HS, Chen CH, Tsai HY, Chung DR, Kavala V, Yao CF. Iodine-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Diphenyl-Substituted Carbazoles via [4 + 2] Annulation of β-Formyl Ketones with Indoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38032287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The [4 + 2] annulation of β-formyl ketones with an indole has been developed for the regioselective synthesis of diphenyl-substituted carbazoles in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine. The 1,4-dicarbonyl compound containing a phenyl group at the α-position of an aldehyde group reacts more readily with indoles to form carbazole derivatives. Using this method, a variety of carbazole derivatives can be readily accessed under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Hung-Sheng Chien
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Chao-Hua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Hao-Yu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Dai-Ru Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan R. O. C
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3
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Allen LAT, Natho P. Trends in carbazole synthesis - an update (2013-2023). Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8956-8974. [PMID: 37906471 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The interest of scientists in the carbazole core has risen steadily over the last 30 years, particularly over the last decade given its presence in several active pharmaceutical ingredients, functional materials and a wide range of biologically active natural products. The continuous development of more efficient, more (regio-)selective and "greener" methodologies to access the carbazole core is thus imperative. This review compares and evaluates synthetic strategies towards the carbazole core that have been reported since 2013, with a focus on their applicability towards the total synthesis of carbazole-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A T Allen
- CheMastery, Paper Yard, 11a Quebec Way, London, SE16 7LG, UK
| | - Philipp Natho
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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4
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Efficient synthesis of 3-aminocarbazoles from N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and 2-alkenylindole. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Hore S, Singh A, De S, Singh N, Gandon V, Singh RP. Polyarylquinone Synthesis by Relayed Dehydrogenative [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Hore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shreemoyee De
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex 91128, France
| | - Ravi P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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6
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Fang F, Zheng H, Mao G, Chen S, Deng GJ. Metal- and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[ c]carbazolones through NaI-Catalyzed Formal [4 + 2] Annulation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6052-6063. [PMID: 35470673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the preparation of functional carbazoles through NaI-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] annulation of 2-(indol-3-yl)cyclohexanones and alkynes/alkenes has been developed. The present approach started from easily available raw materials and provided a variety of tetrahydrobenzo[c]carbazolones in satisfactory yields under metal- and solvent-free conditions. Furthermore, the products could be further transformed into structurally valuable carbazole-based conjugated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China.,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shanping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
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7
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Carral-Menoyo A, Sotomayor N, Lete E. Palladium-catalyzed oxidative arene C–H alkenylation reactions involving olefins. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Singh N, Noh GH, Park HR, Lee J. Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface and photo-physical analysis of 2-nitro-3-phenyl-9 H-carbazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:887-890. [PMID: 34584755 PMCID: PMC8423020 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021007726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C18H12N2O2, was synthesized from a di-nitro-biphenyl-benzene derivative using a novel modification of the Cadogan reaction. The reaction has several possible ring-closed products and the title compound was separated as the major product. The X-ray crystallographic study revealed that the carbazole compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P space group and possesses a single closed Cadogan ring. There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hee Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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9
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Jiang Z, Zhou J, Zhu H, Liu H, Zhou Y. Rh(III)-Catalyzed [5 + 1] Annulation of Indole-enaminones with Diazo Compounds To Form Highly Functionalized Carbazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:4406-4410. [PMID: 34018745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation cascade of indole-enaminones with diazo compounds was reported to construct diversely functionalized carbazole frameworks. The most notable characteristic is that this transformation could smoothly furnish a novel [5 + 1] cyclization product with good to excellent yields (up to 95%), accompanied by the thorough removal of acetyl and N,N-dimethyl groups of two substrates from the target products, rather than the normally expected [4 + 2] cyclization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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10
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Sahoo S, Pal S. Rapid Access to Benzimidazo[1,2- a]quinoline-Fused Isoxazoles via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling: Synthetic Versatility and Photophysical Studies. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4081-4097. [PMID: 33626283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and atom-economical palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction has been developed for the construction of highly π-conjugated benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline-fused isoxazole scaffolds using molecular oxygen as sole oxidant. The approach portrayed wide substrate scope with good functional group tolerance and depicted a useful tool for the generation of fluorescence active compounds with high quantum yield. Synthetic versatility of the method via Fe-catalyzed reductive isoxazole ring cleavage toward pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazole fused heteropolycyclic compounds has been showcase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sahoo
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Shantanu Pal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
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11
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Wu CJ, Cao WX, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Tandem [2 + 2] Cycloaddition/Rearrangement toward Carbazoles by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:2135-2139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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13
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Dinda E, Bhunia SK, Jana R. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions for Annulative π -Extension of Indoles to Carbazoles through C–H Bond Activation. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200817170058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions through C-H bond activation has
tremendous potential to access fused aromatic systems from relatively simple aromatic
compounds in a single step. This state-of-the-art technique has the ability to streamline the
synthesis of functionalized materials useful in material science, biomedical research, agroand
pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, C-H activation strategy does not require prefunctionalization
steps, which allows for the late-stage modification of the functional
molecule with requisite molecular properties. Owing to their unique photophysical properties,
carbazoles are widely used in photovoltaic cells, biomedical imaging, fluorescent
polymer, etc. It is also ubiquitously found in many natural products, agrochemicals and
privileged medicinal scaffolds. Hence, direct conversion of easily accessible indole to carbazole
remains an active research area. In the last decades, significant advancement has
been made to access carbazole moiety directly from indole through cascade C-H activation. The underlying
mechanism behind this cascade π-extension strategy is the facile electrophilic metalation at the C-3 position of
the indole moiety, 1,2- migration and electro cyclization. In this review, we will discuss recent literature reports
for the palladium-catalyzed π-extension of indole to carbazole moiety through C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
| | - Samir Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Midnapore College (autonomous), Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIRIndian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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14
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Debnath S, Das T, Pati TK, Majumdar S, Maiti DK. Metal-Free Indole-Phenacyl Bromide Cyclization: A Regioselective Synthesis of 3,5-Diarylcarbazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13272-13279. [PMID: 33006280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, simultaneous triple C-C coupling cyclization reaction between phenacyl bromides and indoles is discovered in a highly regioselective fashion to furnish 3,5-diarylcarbazoles. DMAP is utilized as the only reagent for the unusual and rapid cyclization reaction to furnish all new carbazole compounds through installation of a great diversity of substituents. A plausible radical mechanism for the new reaction is predicted by conducting various control experiments, competitive reactions, furoindole formation, and ESI-MS analyses of the ongoing cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tuluma Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tanmay K Pati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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15
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Cui H, Liu S, Xiao X. Palladium Catalyzed Direct Alkenylation of Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐
a
]isoquinolines through the Oxidative Heck Reaction. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences 319 Honghe Ave. 402160 Chongqing, Yongchuan P.R. China
| | - Si‐Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences 319 Honghe Ave. 402160 Chongqing, Yongchuan P.R. China
- Tonichem Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. 516008 Huizhou P.R. China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences 319 Honghe Ave. 402160 Chongqing, Yongchuan P.R. China
- Tonichem Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. 516008 Huizhou P.R. China
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16
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Ito H, Matsuoka W, Yano Y, Shibata M, Itami K. Annulative π-Extension (APEX) Reactions for Precise Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
| | | | | | | | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
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17
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Wen ZK, Wu XX, Bao WK, Xiao JJ, Chao JB. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Coupling Cyclohexenone into Indoles: Atom-Economic Synthesis of β-Indolyl Cyclohexenones and Derivatization Applications. Org Lett 2020; 22:4898-4902. [PMID: 32515596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling of indoles with cyclic enones to give β-indolyl cyclic enones under mild and neutral reaction conditions. The key to the success is to explore a mild condition, which ensures the indole C-H activation and subsequent syn β-hydride elimination through rapid enolization isomerization of Pd(II)-enolate while suppressing other undesired side reactions. Synthetic utility has also been demonstrated in the flexible transformation of the coupling products to meta-phenols and benzo[a]carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wen-Kai Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jian-Bin Chao
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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18
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Guo T, Han L, Wang T, Lei L, Zhang J, Xu D. Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Formal [3 + 1 + 2] Benzannulation for Carbazole and Indole Synthesis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9117-9128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tenglong Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 China
| | - Tingpeng Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Lei
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhu Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Singh M, Vaishali, Paul AK, Singh V. Isatin as a 2-aminobenzaldehyde surrogate: transition metal-free efficient synthesis of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4459-4469. [PMID: 32490470 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal-free, convenient, and efficient practical approach has been devised for the synthesis of substituted 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles via a sulfur insertion strategy using isatin derivatives as 2-aminobenzaldehyde surrogates. KI assisted one-pot operation of isatin, arylamines and elemental sulfur resulted in the formation of a C-N and two C-S bonds and cascade cleavage of the isatin ring resulting in the formation of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. The significant features of this strategy are the readily available and inexpensive starting materials, broad substrate scope, sustainable reaction conditions and high yield of products. Importantly, the strategy was found to be appropriate for gram scale synthesis (>10 g) of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives. Moreover, the excellent photophysical properties (ΦF up to 60%) of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives provide huge scope in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India.
| | - Vaishali
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India.
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India. and Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India. virender.singh.cup.edu.in
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20
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Beccalli EM, Christodoulou MS, Foschi F, Giofrè S. Pd-Catalyzed Domino Reactions Involving Alkenes To Access Substituted Indole Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed domino reactions are advanced tools in achieving various nitrogen-containing heterocycles in an efficient and economical manner due to the reduced number of steps in the process. This review highlights recent advances in domino processes aimed at the synthesis of indole derivatives and polycyclic systems containing the indole nucleus in intra/intra- or intra/intermolecular reactions. In particular, we consider domino processes that involve a double bond in a step of the sequence, which allow the issue of regioselectivity in the cyclization to be faced and overcome. The different sections in this review focus on the synthesis of the indole nucleus and functionalization of the scaffold starting from different substrates that have been identified as activated starting materials, which involve a halogenated moiety or unactivated unsaturated systems. In the former case, the reaction is under Pd(0) catalysis, and in the second case a Pd(II) catalytic species is required and then an oxidant is necessary to reconvert the Pd(0) into the active Pd(II) species. On the other hand, the second method has the advantage that it uses easy available and inexpensive substrates.1 Introduction2 Indole Scaffold Synthesis2.1 Activated Substrates2.2 Unactivated Substrates3 Functionalization of Indole Scaffold3.1 Activated Substrates3.2 Unactivated Substrates4 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle M. Beccalli
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A. Marchesini’ Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Michael S. Christodoulou
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A. Marchesini’ Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell’Insubria
| | - Sabrina Giofrè
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A. Marchesini’ Università degli Studi di Milano
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21
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Abstract
The Pd-mediated cross-coupling of (hetero)arenes with alkenes may be an effective method for the formation of a C–C bond from two C–H bonds. Discovered by Fujiwara and co-workers in 1967, this reaction led to a number of reports that we firstly highlighted in 2011 (review with references till June 2010) and for which, we retained the name “dehydrogenative Heck reaction”. The topic, especially the reactions of five-membered heteroarenes, has been the subject of intensive research over the last ten years. The present review is limited to these dehydrogenative Heck reactions published since 2010, underlining the progress of the procedures.
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22
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Bhavani S, Ashfaq MA, Rambabu D, Basaveswara Rao M, Pal M. Ultrasound assisted Mizoroki–Heck reaction catalyzed by Pd/C: Synthesis of 3-vinyl indoles as potential cytotoxic agents. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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23
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Wang D, Sun J, Yan C. Efficient Synthesis of Fused and Bridged Cyclic Pyrrolo[3,4‐a]carbazoles via NH
4
I Promoted Three‐component Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Chao‐Guo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
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24
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Liu A, Han Q, Zhang X, Li B, Huang Q. Transition-Metal-Controlled Synthesis of 11H-Benzo[a]carbazoles and 6-Alkylidene-6H-isoindo[2,1-a]indoles via Sequential Intermolecular/Intramolecular Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling from 2-Phenylindoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:6839-6843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Qingshuai Han
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Buhong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
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25
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Huang W, Chen S, Yang J, El‐Harairy A, Wang X, Li M, Gu Y. Modular Synthesis of Bicyclic and Tricyclic (Aza‐) Arenes from Nucleophilic (Aza‐)Arenes with Electrophilic Side Arms via [4+2] Annulation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Huang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Chen
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed El‐Harairy
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Li
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, LanzhouInstitute of Chemical Physics Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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26
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Verma S, Kumar M, Mishra PK, Verma AK. Metal-Free Carbonyl-Assisted Regioselective Hydration of Alkynes: An Access to Dicarbonyls. Org Lett 2019; 21:5059-5063. [PMID: 31199155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free regioselective hydration of o-alkynylaldehydes with the assistance of neighboring carbonyl oxygen is disclosed. The developed protocol provides a facile route to synthesize a series of multisubstituted carbonyl containing scaffolds that enable the potential application toward the synthesis of highly diversified 5-azaindoles. γ-Carbolines and 2,8-diazacarbazoles can also be accessed directly without isolating the dicarbonyl compounds. The developed methodology is operationally simple and environment-friendly, tolerates a wide variety of functional groups, and is applicable toward large scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Verma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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27
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Kumar M, Verma S, Mishra PK, Verma AK. Cu(II)-Mediated Ortho-C-H Amination of Arenes with Free Amines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8067-8079. [PMID: 31117576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Copper-mediated direct ortho-C-H amination of arenes has been accomplished with the aid of easily removable bidentate pyridine N-oxide as a directing group. The use of free cyclic secondary amines and anilines as aminating agents and inexpensive copper acetate makes the strategy more effective and favorable from the economic point of view. This reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups to synthesize a variety of amine-containing products of high interest. This method also allows the short synthesis of the central scaffold of pharmaceutically relevant Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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28
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Tandem Approach to Functionalized Pyrrolo[3,4-a]carbazole-1,3-diones via a Pd-catalyzed Indole-to-carbazole Transformation. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Pd(II) supramolecular cage-catalyzed successive oxidative coupling: One-pot and regioselective synthesis of functionalized carbazoles from indoles. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Ni P, Tan J, Zhao W, Huang H, Xiao F, Deng GJ. Metal-Free Double Csp2–H Bond Functionalization: Strategy for Synthesizing Benzo[a]carbazoles from 2-Arylindoles and Acetophenones/Alkynes. Org Lett 2019; 21:3687-3691. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ni
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fuhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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31
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Singh S, Samineni R, Pabbaraja S, Mehta G. A General Carbazole Synthesis via Stitching of Indole–Ynones with Nitromethanes: Application to Total Synthesis of Carbazomycin A, Calothrixin B, and Staurosporinone. Org Lett 2019; 21:3372-3376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ramesh Samineni
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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32
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Koubachi J, El Brahmi N, Guillaumet G, El Kazzouli S. Oxidative Alkenylation of Fused Bicyclic Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Koubachi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taroudant; Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement (LACAPE); Université Ibn Zohr d′Agadir; B.P 271 83000 Taroudant Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center; Euromed Faculty of Engineering; Euromed University of Fes; Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311; BP 6759 45067 Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center; Euromed Faculty of Engineering; Euromed University of Fes; Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
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33
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Chen S, Jiang P, Wang P, Pei Y, Huang H, Xiao F, Deng GJ. Three-Component Cascade Synthesis of Carbazoles through [1s,6s] Sigmatropic Shift under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3121-3131. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Pingyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fuhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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34
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Liu X, Huang J, Xu H, Zhang D, Sun Q, He L. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Aminocarbazoles through Cascade C-C and C-N Bond Formation and Aromatization. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liu
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Jiangkun Huang
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Huibei Xu
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Qiu Sun
- West China Medical Center of Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ling He
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan P. R. China
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35
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Aggarwal T, Sushmita S, Verma AK. Recent advances in the synthesis of carbazoles from indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8330-8342. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of carbazoles using indoles as precursors through CH activation/annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trapti Aggarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Sushmita Sushmita
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
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36
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Banerjee A, Guin A, Saha S, Mondal A, Maji MS. Formal [4 + 2] benzannulation of 2-alkenyl indoles with aldehydes: a route to structurally diverse carbazoles and bis-carbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1822-1826. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Construction of structurally diverse carbazoles and bis-carbazoles by protecting-group-free formal [4 + 2]-benzannulation of 2-alkenyl indoles and aldehydes is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Avishek Guin
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Shuvendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Anushree Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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37
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Zhou CJ, Gao H, Huang SL, Zhang SS, Wu JQ, Li B, Jiang X, Wang H. Synthesis of Benzofused N-Heterocycles via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Direct Benzannulation with 1,3-Dienes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Jun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shi-Liang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honggen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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38
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Ito H, Segawa Y, Murakami K, Itami K. Polycyclic Arene Synthesis by Annulative π-Extension. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:3-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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39
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Du Y, Xue W, Gao R, Gu Y, Han L. [4+2] Annulation of 3-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with indoles catalyzed by Brønsted acid ionic liquid for the synthesis of carbazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Saha S, Banerjee A, Maji MS. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed One-Pot Benzannulation of 2-Alkenylindoles under Aerial Oxidation: A Route to Carbazoles and Indolo[2,3-a]carbazole Alkaloids. Org Lett 2018; 20:6920-6924. [PMID: 30358409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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41
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Kitano H, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Annulative π-extension of indoles and pyrroles with diiodobiaryls by Pd catalysis: rapid synthesis of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7556-7561. [PMID: 30319756 PMCID: PMC6180308 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed one-step annulative π-extension (APEX) reaction of indoles and pyrroles that allows rapid access to nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds is described. In the presence of palladium pivalate and silver carbonate, diverse indoles or pyrroles coupled with diiodobiaryls in a double direct C-H arylation manner to be transformed into the corresponding π-extended compounds in a single step. The newly developed catalytic system enables the use of various pyrroles and indoles as templates with a series of diiodobiaryls to provide structurally complicated and largely π-extended nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds that are otherwise difficult to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kitano
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ;
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ;
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42
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Garg V, Kumar P, Verma AK. Substrate-Controlled Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of ( Z)- and ( E)- N-Styrylated Carbazoles, Aza-carbazoles, and γ-Carbolines via Hydroamination of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11686-11702. [PMID: 30141931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the substrate-controlled regio- and stereoselective hydroamination of carbazoles, aza-carbazoles, and γ-carbolines with functionalized aromatic as well as aliphatic alkynes in a KOH/DMSO system in good yields. The electronic effect of the substrates governs the stereochemistry of the product. Electron-donating alkynes provided ( Z)-stereoselective products, and electron-withdrawing alkynes provided ( E)-stereoselective products. This approach also provides an easy route for the synthesis of mono- and bis-hydroaminated product. The deuterium-labeling studies were also conducted to support the mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Garg
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (a Central University); Santiniketan-731 235 West Bengal India
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44
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Gu Y, Huang W, Chen S, Wang X. Bismuth(III) Triflate Catalyzed Three-Component Reactions of Indoles, Ketones, and α-Bromoacetaldehyde Acetals Enable Indole-to-Carbazole Transformation. Org Lett 2018; 20:4285-4289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaomin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
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45
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Nishino K, Ogiwara Y, Sakai N. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzothiophenes from 2-Biphenylyl Disulfides by C−H Functionalization. Chemistry 2018; 24:10971-10974. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nishino
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yohei Ogiwara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI); Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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46
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Verma S, Mishra PK, Kumar M, Sur S, Verma AK. Transition-Metal-Free Access to Pyridocarbazoles from 2-Alkynylindole-3-carbaldehydes via Azomethine Ylide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6650-6663. [PMID: 29790341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydro-pyrido/quinolinocarbazoles from 2-alkynylindole-3-carbaldehydes and l-proline utilizing a metal-free decarboxylative cyclization, ring expansion, and ring contraction strategy via the generation of azomethine ylide was developed. The reaction of 2-alkynylindole-3-carbaldehydes with l-thioproline leads to the formation of γ-carbolines. By virtue of this expedient method, a diverse range of biologically active heteroannulated carbazoles can be synthesized efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Souvik Sur
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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47
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Gu Y, Wu F, Yang J. Oxidative [3+3] Annulation of Atropaldehyde Acetals with 1,3‐Bisnucleophiles: An Efficient Method of Constructing Six‐Membered Aromatic Rings, Including Salicylates and Carbazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective OxidationLanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengtian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
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48
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Yu F, Li D, Wei Y, Kang RM, Guo QX. Catalyst-free and atom-economic synthesis of substituted 1-acetyl and 1-hydroxyl carbazoles. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Zhou CN, Xie HH, Zheng ZA, Xiao YC, Li G, Shen YH, Peng WM, Wang L. Synthesis of Terminal Vinylindoles via RhIII
-Catalyzed Direct C−H Alkenylation with Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborate. Chemistry 2018; 24:5469-5473. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ni Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Hao-Hao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Zi-Ang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Yuan-Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Yang-Huan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Wang-Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical; Environmental Engineering; Jianghan University; 8 Sanjiaohu Road Wuhan 430056 China
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50
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Lin K, Jian Y, Zhao P, Zhao CS, Pan WD, Liu S. A rapid construction of a specific quino[4,3-b] carbazolone system and its application for the synthesis of calothrixin B. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00864c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology is developed for the synthesis of functionalized specific carbazole lactams related to pyrido[4,3-b]- and quino[4,3-b] carbazole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563000
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants
- Guizhou Medical University
| | - Yong Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants
- Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550014
- PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550014
- PR China
| | - Chun-shen Zhao
- College of Pharmacy
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550014
- PR China
| | - Wei-dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants
- Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550014
- PR China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants
- Guizhou Medical University
- Guiyang 550014
- PR China
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