One-Pot Synthesis of N-(α-Peroxy)Indole/Carbazole via Chemoselective Three-Component Condensation Reaction in Open Atmosphere

Access to 3,3'-disubstituted peroxyoxindole derivatives and α-peroxyamides via azaoxyallyl cation-guided addition of hydroperoxides

Herein, a transition metal-free approach for access to 3,3'-disubstituted peroxyoxindole is disclosed, which harnesses a transient azaoxyallyl cation. This strategy is also applicable to the synthesis of structurally diverse α-peroxycarboxylic acid surrogates. The method exhibits good functional group tolerance and is suitable for generating a library of peroxy-containing compounds.

Synthesis of α-Amino Tertiary Alkylperoxides by Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Peroxidation of 1,3,5-Triazines

α-Substituted peroxides have been found in natural products and are widely used as anti-malarial agents. Zn(OTf)₂ -catalyzed peroxidation of 1,3,5-triazines has been developed, accessing diversely substituted α-amino tertiary alkylperoxides with high efficiency. Mechanistic investigations and useful synthetic application of the products have also been presented.

Three-Component Synthesis of α-Aminoperoxides Using Primary and Secondary Dialkylzinc Reagents with O2 and α-Amido Sulfones

A straightforward strategy for the synthesis of unprecedented α-aminoperoxides bearing primary and secondary alkylperoxide substituents is described. Commercially available dialkylzinc reagents are oxidized with molecular oxygen and the consequent peroxide species react with stable (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic α-amido sulfones in excellent yields (>90%). The now available α-aminoperoxides are of potential interest in medicinal chemistry, specifically for the synthesis of antimalarial compounds. Moreover, modification of the reaction conditions selectively leads to N,O-acetals in good yields.

A DNA-mimic contact-active functional group for antifouling ultrafiltration membranes

Despite advanced materials and techniques to reduce the fouling issue of membranes, 10-30% of the cost of ultrafiltration (UF) processes have been spent on membrane cleaning. Particularly in water treatment, the traditional heavy metal-based method is challenged due to its environmental pollution risk and increasing public health awareness. Here, we report the synthesis of a metal-free contact-active antifouling and antimicrobial membrane by covalently functionalizing a commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) UF membrane with 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (DAT) via a one-step catalyst-free hydrothermal [4 + 2] cyclization of dicyandiamide reaction. The proposed mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the DAT-functionalized membrane is through strong attraction between the DAT groups and the microbial membrane protein via strong hydrogen bonding, leading to microbial membrane disruption and thus microbe death. A high water flux and good reusability of the membrane against protein in a UF experiment were achieved. The low cost, easy availability of the compounds, as well as the facile reaction offer a high potential of the membrane for real applications in ultrafiltration.

Bioinspired radical cyclization of tryptamines: synthesis of peroxypyrroloindolenines as potential anti-cancer agents

Inspired by the heme iron-catalyzed radical insertion of dioxygen to the tryptophan indole ring, herein we utilize alkylperoxy radical species as a coupling partner to trigger a peroxycyclization of readily accessible tryptophan derivatives and enable the first synthesis of peroxypyrroloindolenines.

Lewis Acid Catalyzed Nucleophilic Ring Opening and 1,3-Bisfunctionalization of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Hydroperoxides: Access to Highly Functionalized Peroxy/(α-Heteroatom Substituted)Peroxy Compounds

The Lewis acid catalyzed ring opening reaction of Donor-Acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes with alkyl hydroperoxides is reported to furnish various peroxycarbonyls and 1,3-haloperoxygenated compounds in good to excellent yields. This method adds another instance to scarcely reported noncyclilizing 1,3-bisfunctionalization of D-A cyclopropanes with two different functional groups and relies on the dual role of peroxide as nucleophile and oxidant through an orchestrated reaction sequence. The products obtained, including α-heterosubstituted peroxy compounds, are amenable to useful synthetic elaboration.

Rearrangements of organic peroxides and related processes

This review is the first to collate and summarize main data on named and unnamed rearrangement reactions of peroxides. It should be noted, that in the chemistry of peroxides two types of processes are considered under the term rearrangements. These are conventional rearrangements occurring with the retention of the molecular weight and transformations of one of the peroxide moieties after O-O-bond cleavage. Detailed information about the Baeyer-Villiger, Criegee, Hock, Kornblum-DeLaMare, Dakin, Elbs, Schenck, Smith, Wieland, and Story reactions is given. Unnamed rearrangements of organic peroxides and related processes are also analyzed. The rearrangements and related processes of important natural and synthetic peroxides are discussed separately.

Metal-Free Tandem Oxidative Coupling of Primary Alcohols with Azoles for the Synthesis of Hemiaminal Ethers

A novel metal-free tandem oxidative coupling process for the synthesis of hemiaminal ethers has been developed. This protocol could be applied for the C-N bond formation of electron-deficient trizoles, tetrazoles, carbazoles and indazoles with primary alcohols.