1
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Wang S, Sun D, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y. The elusive reaction mechanism of Mn(II)-mediated benzylic oxidation of alkylarene by H 2O 2: a gem-diol mechanism or a dual hydrogen abstraction mechanism? Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37997638 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02943c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The direct oxygenation of alkylarenes at the benzylic position employing bioinspired nonheme catalysts has emerged as a promising strategy for the production of bioactive arene ketone scaffolds in drugs. However, the structure-activity relationship of the active species and the mechanism of these reactions remain elusive. Herein, the reaction mechanism of the Mn(II)-mediated benzylic oxygenation of phenylbutanoic acid (PBA) to 4-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid (4-oxo-PBA) by H2O2 was investigated using density functional theory calculations. The calculated results demonstrated that the MnIII-OOH species (1) is a sluggish oxidant and needs to be converted to a high-valent manganese-oxo species (2). The conversion of PBA to 4-oxo-PBA by 2 occurs via the consecutive hydroxylation of PBA to 4-hydroxyl-4-phenylbutyric acid (4-OH-PBA) and the alcohol oxidation of 4-OH-PBA to 4-oxo-PBA. The hydroxylation of PBA proceeds via a novel hydride transfer/hydroxyl-rebound mechanism and the alcohol oxidation of 4-OH-PBA occurs via three pathways (gem-diol, dual hydrogen abstraction (DHA), and reversed-DHA pathways). The regio-selectivity of benzylic oxidations was caused by a strong π-π stacking interaction between the pyridine ring of the nonheme ligand and the phenyl ring of the substrate. These mechanistic findings enrich the knowledge of biomimetic alcohol oxidations and play a positive role in the rational design of new non-heme catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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2
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Landge VG, Mishra A, Thotamune W, Bonds AL, Alahakoon I, Karunarathne A, Young MC. Selective C-H Activation of Unprotected Allylamines by Control of Catalyst Speciation. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100809. [PMID: 37982045 PMCID: PMC10653252 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
An outstanding challenge in the Pd-catalyzed functionalization of allylamines is the control of stereochemistry. Terminal alkenes preferentially undergo Heck-type reactions, while internal alkenes may undergo a mixture of Heck and C-H activation reactions that give mixtures of stereochemical products. In the case of unprotected allylamines, the challenge in achieving C-H activation is that facile in situ formation of Pd nanoparticles leads to preferential formation of trans rather than cis-substituted products. In this study we have demonstrated the feasibility of using mono-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands as metal protecting groups to prevent aggregation and reduction, allowing the selective synthesis of free cis-arylated allylamines. This method complements Heck-selective methods, allowing complete stereochemical control over the synthesis of cinnamylamines, an important class of amine that can serve as therapeutics directly or as advanced intermediates. To highlight the utility of the methodology, we have demonstrated rapid access to mu opioid receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod G. Landge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ankita Mishra
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Audrey L. Bonds
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Indunil Alahakoon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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3
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Chen J, Song W, Yao J, Wu Z, Lee YM, Wang Y, Nam W, Wang B. Hydrogen Bonding-Assisted and Nonheme Manganese-Catalyzed Remote Hydroxylation of C-H Bonds in Nitrogen-Containing Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5456-5466. [PMID: 36811463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of catalytic systems capable of oxygenating unactivated C-H bonds with excellent site-selectivity and functional group tolerance under mild conditions remains a challenge. Inspired by the secondary coordination sphere (SCS) hydrogen bonding in metallooxygenases, reported herein is an SCS solvent hydrogen bonding strategy that employs 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a strong hydrogen bond donor solvent to enable remote C-H hydroxylation in the presence of basic aza-heteroaromatic rings with a low loading of a readily available and inexpensive manganese complex as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as a terminal oxidant. We demonstrate that this strategy represents a promising compliment to the current state-of-the-art protection approaches that rely on precomplexation with strong Lewis and/or Brønsted acids. Mechanistic studies with experimental and theoretical approaches reveal the existence of a strong hydrogen bonding between the nitrogen-containing substrate and HFIP, which prevents the catalyst deactivation by nitrogen binding and deactivates the basic nitrogen atom toward oxygen atom transfer and the α-C-H bonds adjacent to the nitrogen center toward H-atom abstraction. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding exerted by HFIP has also been demonstrated not only to facilitate the O-O bond heterolytic cleavage of a putative MnIII-OOH precursor to generate MnV(O)(OC(O)CH2Br) as an active oxidant but also to affect the stability and the activity of MnV(O)(OC(O)CH2Br).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wenxun Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jinping Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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4
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Zhou J, Jia M, Song M, Huang Z, Steiner A, An Q, Ma J, Guo Z, Zhang Q, Sun H, Robertson C, Bacsa J, Xiao J, Li C. Chemoselective Oxyfunctionalization of Functionalized Benzylic Compounds with a Manganese Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205983. [PMID: 35594169 PMCID: PMC9400980 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Whilst allowing for easy access to synthetically versatile motifs and for modification of bioactive molecules, the chemoselective benzylic oxidation reactions of functionalized alkyl arenes remain challenging. Reported in this study is a new non‐heme Mn catalyst stabilized by a bipiperidine‐based tetradentate ligand, which enables methylene oxidation of benzylic compounds by H2O2, showing high activity and excellent chemoselectivity under mild conditions. The protocol tolerates an unprecedentedly wide range of functional groups, including carboxylic acid and derivatives, ketone, cyano, azide, acetate, sulfonate, alkyne, amino acid, and amine units, thus providing a low‐cost, more sustainable and robust pathway for the facile synthesis of ketones, increase of complexity of organic molecules, and late‐stage modification of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Minxian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Menghui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Qidong An
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Jianwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Zhiyin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Craig Robertson
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Dr. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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5
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Zhou J, Jia M, Song M, Huang Z, Steiner A, An Q, Ma J, Guo Z, Zhang Q, Sun H, Robertson CM, Bacsa J, Xiao J, Li C. Chemoselective Oxyfunctionalization of Functionalized Benzylic Compounds with a Manganese Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Zhou
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an CHINA
| | - Minxian Jia
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Menghui Song
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- University of Liverpool Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Qidong An
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jianwei Ma
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Zhiyin Guo
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Huaming Sun
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - John Bacsa
- Emory University Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- University of Liverpool Department of Chemistry Oxford Street L69 7ZD Liverpool UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi'an CHINA
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6
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Hahn PL, Lowe JM, Xu Y, Burns KL, Hilinski MK. Amine Organocatalysis of Remote, Chemoselective C(sp 3)-H Hydroxylation. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4302-4309. [PMID: 35529672 PMCID: PMC9075503 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We introduce an organocatalytic approach for oxaziridinium-mediated C-H hydroxylation that employs secondary amines as catalysts. We also demonstrate the advantages of this operationally simple catalytic strategy for achieving high yielding and highly selective remote hydroxylation of compounds bearing oxidation-sensitive functional groups such as alcohols, ethers, carbamates, and amides. By employing hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent in the absence of water, a proposed hydrogen bonding effect leads to, among other advantages, as high as ≥99:1 chemoselectivity for remote aliphatic hydroxylation of 2° alcohols, an otherwise unsolved synthetic challenge normally complicated by substantial amounts of alcohol oxidation. Initial studies of the reaction mechanism indicate the formation of an oxaziridinium salt as the active oxidant, and a C-H oxidation step that proceeds in a stereospecific manner via concerted insertion or hydrogen atom transfer/radical rebound. Furthermore, preliminary results indicate that site selectivity can be affected by amine catalyst structure. In the long term, we anticipate that this will enable new strategies for catalyst control of selectivity based on the abundance of catalytic scaffolds that have proliferated over the last twenty years as a result of Nobel Prize-winning discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Jared M. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Yubo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Kevin L. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Michael K. Hilinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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7
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Landge VG, Bonds AL, Mncwango TA, Mather CB, Saleh Y, Fields HL, Lee F, Young MC. Amine-Directed Mizoroki-Heck Arylation of Free Allylamines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition metal-catalyzed Mizoroki−Heck reaction is a powerful method to synthesize C–C bonds, allowing access to several important pharmaceuticals. Traditionally free amines have not been compatible with these approaches due...
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8
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Dutta S, Li B, Rickertsen DRL, Valles DA, Seidel D. C-H Bond Functionalization of Amines: A Graphical Overview of Diverse Methods. SYNOPEN 2021; 5:173-228. [PMID: 34825124 PMCID: PMC8612105 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides a concise overview of the manifold and mechanistically diverse methods that enable the functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds in amines and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Dutta
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dillon R L Rickertsen
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel A Valles
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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9
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Capaldo L, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Direct Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) for Aliphatic C-H Bonds Elaboration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1875-1924. [PMID: 34355884 PMCID: PMC8796199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Direct photocatalyzed
hydrogen atom transfer (d-HAT) can be considered
a method of choice for the elaboration of
aliphatic C–H bonds. In this manifold, a photocatalyst (PCHAT) exploits the energy of a photon to trigger the homolytic
cleavage of such bonds in organic compounds. Selective C–H
bond elaboration may be achieved by a judicious choice of the hydrogen
abstractor (key parameters are the electronic character and the molecular
structure), as well as reaction additives. Different are the classes
of PCsHAT available, including aromatic ketones, xanthene
dyes (Eosin Y), polyoxometalates, uranyl salts, a metal-oxo porphyrin
and a tris(amino)cyclopropenium radical dication. The processes (mainly
C–C bond formation) are in most cases carried out under mild
conditions with the help of visible light. The aim of this review
is to offer a comprehensive survey of the synthetic applications of
photocatalyzed d-HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Landge VG, Grant AJ, Fu Y, Rabon AM, Payton JL, Young MC. Palladium-Catalyzed γ,γ'-Diarylation of Free Alkenyl Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10352-10360. [PMID: 34161068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The direct difunctionalization of alkenes is an effective way to construct multiple C-C bonds in one-pot using a single functional group. The regioselective dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes is therefore an important area of research to rapidly obtain complex organic molecules. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed γ,γ'-diarylation of free alkenyl amines through interrupted chain walking for the synthesis of Z-selective alkenyl amines. Notably, while 1,3-dicarbofunctionalization of allyl groups is well precedented, the present disclosure allows 1,3-dicarbofunctionalization of highly substituted allylamines to give highly Z-selective trisubsubstituted olefin products. This cascade reaction operates via an unprotected amine-directed Mizoroki-Heck (MH) pathway featuring a β-hydride elimination to selectively chain walk to furnish a new terminal olefin which then generates the cis-selective alkenyl amines around the sterically crowded allyl moiety. This operationally simple protocol is applicable to a variety of cyclic, branched, and linear secondary and tertiary alkenylamines, and has a broad substrate scope with regard to the arene coupling partner as well. Mechanistic studies have been performed to help elucidate the mechanism, including the presence of a likely unproductive side C-H activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod G Landge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - Aaron J Grant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - Allison M Rabon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
| | - John L Payton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, 106 College Park Dr., Gambier, Ohio 43022, United States of America
| | - Michael C Young
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry & Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Mailstop 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States of America
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11
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Aguilera EY, Sanford MS. Palladium‐Mediated C
γ
−H Functionalization of Alicyclic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Aguilera
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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12
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Aguilera EY, Sanford MS. Palladium-Mediated C γ -H Functionalization of Alicyclic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11227-11230. [PMID: 33720500 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a new method for the transannular functionalization of the γ-C-H bonds in alicyclic amines to install C(sp3 )-halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, boron, and sulfur bonds. The key challenge for this transformation is controlling the relative rate of Cγ -H versus Cα -H functionalization. We demonstrate that this selectivity can be achieved by pre-complexation of the substrate with Pd prior to the addition of oxidant. This approach enables the use of diverse oxidants that ultimately install various heteroatom functional groups at the γ-position with high site- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y Aguilera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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13
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Wang J, Zhang C, Ye XQ, Du W, Zeng S, Xu JH, Yin H. An efficient and practical aerobic oxidation of benzylic methylenes by recyclable N-hydroxyimide. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3003-3011. [PMID: 35424255 PMCID: PMC8693865 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and practical benzylic aerobic oxidation catalyzed by cheap and simple N-hydroxyimide organocatalyst has been achieved with high yields and broad substrate scope. The organocatalyst used can be recycled and reused by simple workup and only minute amount (1 mol% in most cases) of simple iron salt is used as promoter. Phenyl substrates with mild and strong electron-withdrawing group could also be oxygenated in high yields as well as other benzylic methylenes. Influence of substituents, gram-scale application, catalysts decay and general mechanism of this methodology has also been discussed. An efficient and practical benzylic aerobic oxidation catalyzed by cheap and simple N-hydroxyimide organocatalyst has been achieved with high yields and broad substrate scope.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Hangzhou Medical College
- Hangzhou 310053
- China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310000
- China
| | - Xiao-Qing Ye
- School of Pharmacy
- Hangzhou Medical College
- Hangzhou 310053
- China
| | - Wenting Du
- School of Pharmacy
- Hangzhou Medical College
- Hangzhou 310053
- China
| | - Shenxin Zeng
- School of Pharmacy
- Hangzhou Medical College
- Hangzhou 310053
- China
| | - Jian-Hong Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Hangzhou Medical College
- Hangzhou 310053
- China
| | - Hong Yin
- School of Pharmacy
- Hangzhou Medical College
- Hangzhou 310053
- China
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14
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Native amine-directed site-selective C(sp3)-H arylation of primary aliphatic amines with aryl iodides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Bo CB, Bu Q, Li X, Ma G, Wei D, Guo C, Dai B, Liu N. Highly Active and Robust Ruthenium Complexes Based on Hemilability of Hybrid Ligands for C–H Oxidation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4324-4334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bo Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Ma
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Zhao Z, Kong X, Wang W, Hao J, Wang Y. Direct Use of Unprotected Aliphatic Amines to Generate N-Heterocycles via β-C–H Malonylation with Iodonium Ylide. Org Lett 2019; 22:230-233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjin Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
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17
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Wang J, Pang YB, Tao N, Zeng RS, Zhao Y. Mn-Enabled Radical-Based Alkyl-Alkyl Cross-Coupling Reaction from 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15315-15322. [PMID: 31671948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient alkylation of β-chloro ketones and their derivatives was achieved by means of domino dehydrochlorination/Mn-enabled radical-based alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction. In situ-generated α,β-unsaturated ketones and their analogues were identified as the reaction intermediates. Known bioactive compounds, such as melperone and azaperone, could be easily prepared from β-chloropropiophenone in two steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Yu-Bo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Na Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Run-Sheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
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18
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Yuan F, Hou ZL, Pramanick PK, Yao B. Site-Selective Modification of α-Amino Acids and Oligopeptides via Native Amine-Directed γ-C(sp3)-H Arylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:9381-9385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Pranab K. Pramanick
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic-Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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19
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Hu P, Tan M, Cheng L, Zhao H, Feng R, Gu WJ, Han W. Bio-inspired iron-catalyzed oxidation of alkylarenes enables late-stage oxidation of complex methylarenes to arylaldehydes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2425. [PMID: 31160563 PMCID: PMC6546739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a long-standing challenge to achieve efficient and highly selective aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes, owing to overoxidation problem stemming from the oxidizability of benzaldehyde far higher than the toluene under usual aerobic conditions. Herein we report a bio-inspired iron-catalyzed polymethylhydrosiloxane-promoted aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes with high yields and selectivities. Notably, this method can tolerate oxidation-labile and reactive boronic acid group, which is normally required to be transformed immediately after its introduction, and represents a significant advance in the area of the chemistry of organoboronic acids, including the ability to incorporate both aldehyde and ketone functionalities into unprotected arylboronic acids, a class that can be difficult to access by current means. The robustness of this protocol is demonstrated on the late-stage oxidation of complex bioactive molecules, including dehydroabietic acid, Gemfibrozil, Tocopherol nicotinate, a complex polyol structure, and structurally complex arylboronic acids. Oxidation of toluenes to benzaldehydes is usually accompanied by overoxidation products. Here, the authors report an iron-catalysed aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes with high yields and selectivities, even in presence of boronic acid groups and in complex natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxi Tan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Jin Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China. .,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Kapoor M, Chand-Thakuri P, Young MC. Carbon Dioxide-Mediated C(sp2)–H Arylation of Primary and Secondary Benzylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7980-7989. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Pratibha Chand-Thakuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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21
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Vasu D, Fuentes de Arriba AL, Leitch JA, de Gombert A, Dixon DJ. Primary α-tertiary amine synthesis via α-C-H functionalization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3401-3407. [PMID: 30996928 PMCID: PMC6429468 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05164j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A quinone-mediated general synthetic platform for the construction of primary α-tertiary amines from abundant primary α-branched amine starting materials is described. This procedure pivots on the efficient in situ generation of reactive ketimine intermediates and subsequent reaction with carbon-centered nucleophiles such as organomagnesium and organolithium reagents, and TMSCN, creating quaternary centers. Furthermore, extension to reverse polarity photoredox catalysis enables reactivity with electrophiles, via a nucleophilic α-amino radical intermediate. This efficient, broadly applicable and scalable amine-to-amine synthetic platform was successfully applied to library and API synthesis and in the functionalization of drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjayan Vasu
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Angel L Fuentes de Arriba
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Antoine de Gombert
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , UK .
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22
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Mack JBC, Walker KL, Robinson SG, Zare RN, Sigman MS, Waymouth RM, Du Bois J. Mechanistic Study of Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Hydroxylation Reveals an Unexpected Pathway for Catalyst Arrest. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:972-980. [PMID: 30601662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have recently disclosed [(dtbpy)2RuCl2] as an effective precatalyst for chemoselective C-H hydroxylation of C(sp3)-H bonds and have noted a marked disparity in reaction performance between 4,4'-di- tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dtbpy)- and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy)-derived complexes. A desire to understand the origin of this difference and to further advance this catalytic method has motivated the comprehensive mechanistic investigation described herein. Details of this reaction have been unveiled through evaluation of ligand structure-activity relationships, electrochemical and kinetic studies, and pressurized sample infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry (PSI-MS). Salient findings from this investigation include the identification of more than one active oxidant and three disparate mechanisms for catalyst decomposition/arrest. Catalyst efficiency, as measured by turnover number, has a strong inverse correlation with the rate and extent of ligand dissociation, which is dependent on the identity of bipyridyl 4,4'-substituent groups. Dissociated bipyridyl ligand is oxidized to mono- and bis- N-oxide species under the reaction conditions, the former of which is found to act as a potent catalyst poison, yielding a catalytically inactive tris-ligated [Ru(dtbpy)2(dtbpy N-oxide)]2+ complex. Insights gained through this work highlight the power of PSI-MS for studies of complex reaction processes and are guiding ongoing efforts to develop high-performance, next-generation catalyst systems for C-H hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B C Mack
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 337 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Katherine L Walker
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 337 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sophia G Robinson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 337 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 337 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - J Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , 337 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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23
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Li T, Li J, Zhu Z, Pan W, Wu S. Cobalt( ii)-catalyzed benzylic oxidations with potassium persulfate in TFA/TFAA. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20879-20883. [PMID: 35515535 PMCID: PMC9065695 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H oxygenation reaction to furnish aldehyde was herein reported. This transformation demonstrated high chemo-selectivity, and tolerated various methylarenes bearing electron-withdrawing substituents. This reaction provided rapid access to diverse aldehydes form methylarenes. Notably, TFA/TFAA was used for the first time as a mixed solvent in cobalt-catalyzed oxygenation of benzylic methylenes. A Co-catalyzed C(sp3)–H oxygenation reaction to furnish diverse aldehydes from methylarenes in TFA/TFAA is reported. This transformation demonstrated high chemo-selectivity, and tolerated with various methylarenes bearing electron-withdrawing substituents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Jishun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Zihao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants
- Guizhou Medcial University
- Guiyang 550014
- China
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing
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24
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Bietti M. Anwendung von Mediumeffekten in Aktivierungs‐ und Deaktivierungsstrategien zur selektiven Funktionalisierung aliphatischer C‐H‐Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità “Tor Vergata” Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome Italien
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25
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Bietti M. Activation and Deactivation Strategies Promoted by Medium Effects for Selective Aliphatic C-H Bond Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16618-16637. [PMID: 29873935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective functionalization of unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds represents an important goal of modern synthetic chemistry. Differentiating between such bonds in organic molecules with high levels of selectivity remains a crucial issue, and a profound understanding of even the subtlest reactivity trends is needed. Among the methods that have been developed, those based on hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) have attracted considerable interest. Within this framework, medium effects have proved effective in altering the reactivity and site selectivity in synthetically useful C-H functionalization procedures. In this Review, the mechanistic features behind the available strategies are discussed. It is shown that hydrogen bonding and acid-base interactions can promote C-H bond activation or deactivation toward HAT reagents, thereby providing fine-control over the site selectivity and product chemoselectivity as well as useful guidelines for future development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133, Rome, Italy
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26
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Sharma R, Sharma U. Remote C-H bond activation/transformations: A continuous growing synthetic tool; Part II. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2018.1474538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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27
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Kapoor M, Liu D, Young MC. Carbon Dioxide-Mediated C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Amine Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6818-6822. [PMID: 29787251 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elaborating amines via C-H functionalization has been an important area of research over the past decade but has generally relied on an added directing group or sterically hindered amine approach. Since free-amine-directed C(sp3)-H activation is still primarily limited to cyclization reactions and to improve the sustainability and reaction scope of amine-based C-H activation, we present a strategy using CO2 in the form of dry ice that facilitates intermolecular C-H arylation. This methodology has been used to enable an operationally simple procedure whereby 1° and 2° aliphatic amines can be arylated selectively at their γ-C-H positions. In addition to potentially serving as a directing group, CO2 has also been demonstrated to curtail the oxidation of sensitive amine substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Daniel Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Michael C Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
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28
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Huang Z, Qi X, Lee JF, Lei A. Revealing the Structure and Reactivity of the Active Species in the FeCl2–TBHP System: Case Study on Alkene Oxidation. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’ s Republic of China
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29
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Cabrera PJ, Lee M, Sanford MS. Second-Generation Palladium Catalyst System for Transannular C-H Functionalization of Azabicycloalkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5599-5606. [PMID: 29652497 PMCID: PMC5956530 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a second-generation catalyst system for the transannular C-H functionalization of alicyclic amines. Pyridine- and quinoline-carboxylate ligands are shown to be highly effective for increasing the reaction rate, yield, and scope of Pd-catalyzed transannular C-H arylation reactions of azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, and piperidine derivatives. Mechanistic studies reveal that the pyridine/quinoline-carboxylates play a role in impeding both reversible and irreversible catalyst decomposition pathways. These ligands enable the first reported examples of the transannular C-H arylation of the ubiquitous tropane, 7-azanorbornane, and homotropane cores. Finally, the pyridine/quinoline-carboxylates are shown to promote both transannular C-H arylation and transannular C-H dehydrogenation on a homotropane substrate.
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30
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Dyer RMB, Hahn PL, Hilinski MK. Selective Heteroaryl N-Oxidation of Amine-Containing Molecules. Org Lett 2018; 20:2011-2014. [PMID: 29547294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of nonenzymatic N-oxidation of heteroarenes in the presence of amines are reported. Pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline N-oxides are selectively formed in the presence of more reactive aliphatic and alicyclic amines by use of an in situ protonation strategy and an iminium salt organocatalyst. Application to late-stage functionalization that mimics phase 1 metabolism of small-molecule drugs is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M B Dyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , United States
| | - Philip L Hahn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , United States
| | - Michael K Hilinski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , United States
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31
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Cooper JC, Luo C, Kameyama R, Van Humbeck JF. Combined Iron/Hydroxytriazole Dual Catalytic System for Site Selective Oxidation Adjacent to Azaheterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1243-1246. [PMID: 29345461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This report details a new method for site-selective methylene oxidation adjacent to azaheterocycles. A dual catalysis approach, utilizing both an iron Lewis acid and an organic hydroxylamine catalyst, proved highly effective. We demonstrate that this method provides complementary selectivity to other known catalytic approaches and represents an improvement over current heterocycle-selective reactions that rely on stoichiometric activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chaosheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryohei Kameyama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jeffrey F Van Humbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Motati DR, Uredi D, Watkins EB. A general method for the metal-free, regioselective, remote C-H halogenation of 8-substituted quinolines. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1782-1788. [PMID: 29675222 PMCID: PMC5892134 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An operationally simple, metal-free protocol for regioselective halogenation of a range of 8-substituted quinolines has been established using recyclable trihaloisocyanuric acids.
An operationally simple and metal-free protocol for geometrically inaccessible C5–H halogenation of a range of 8-substituted quinoline derivatives has been established. The reaction proceeds under air, with inexpensive and atom economical trihaloisocyanuric acid as a halogen source (only 0.36 equiv.), at room temperature. Exceptionally high generality with respect to quinoline is observed, and in most instances, the reaction proceeded with complete regioselectivity. Quinoline with a variety of substituents at the 8-position gave, exclusively, the C5-halogenated product in good to excellent yields. Phosphoramidates, tertiary amides, N-alkyl/N,N-dialkyl, and urea derivatives of quinolin-8-amine as well as alkoxy quinolines were halogenated at the C5-position via remote functionalization for the first time. This methodology provides a highly economical route to halogenated quinolines with excellent functional group tolerance, thus providing a good complement to existing remote functionalization methods of quinolin-8-amide derivatives and broadening the field of remote functionalization. The utility of the method is further showcased through the synthesis of several compounds of biological and pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee , 38305 USA . ;
| | - Dilipkumar Uredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee , 38305 USA . ;
| | - E Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee , 38305 USA . ;
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33
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Dantignana V, Milan M, Cussó O, Company A, Bietti M, Costas M. Chemoselective Aliphatic C-H Bond Oxidation Enabled by Polarity Reversal. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1350-1358. [PMID: 29296677 PMCID: PMC5746866 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods for selective oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds are called on to revolutionize organic synthesis by providing novel and more efficient paths. Realization of this goal requires the discovery of mechanisms that can alter in a predictable manner the innate reactivity of these bonds. Ideally, these mechanisms need to make oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds, which are recognized as relatively inert, compatible with the presence of electron rich functional groups that are highly susceptible to oxidation. Furthermore, predictable modification of the relative reactivity of different C-H bonds within a molecule would enable rapid diversification of the resulting oxidation products. Herein we show that by engaging in hydrogen bonding, fluorinated alcohols exert a polarity reversal on electron rich functional groups, directing iron and manganese catalyzed oxidation toward a priori stronger and unactivated C-H bonds. As a result, selective hydroxylation of methylenic sites in hydrocarbons and remote aliphatic C-H oxidation of otherwise sensitive alcohol, ether, amide, and amine substrates is achieved employing aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Oxidations occur in a predictable manner, with outstanding levels of product chemoselectivity, preserving the first-formed hydroxylation product, thus representing an extremely valuable tool for synthetic planning and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Dantignana
- Grup
de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT),
Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC)
and Departament de Química, Universitat
de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michela Milan
- Grup
de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT),
Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC)
and Departament de Química, Universitat
de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olaf Cussó
- Grup
de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT),
Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC)
and Departament de Química, Universitat
de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Company
- Grup
de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT),
Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC)
and Departament de Química, Universitat
de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
“Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Miquel Costas
- Grup
de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT),
Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC)
and Departament de Química, Universitat
de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
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34
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Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Fukuyama T, Nishikawa T, Ryu I. Site-Selective C–H Functionalization by Decatungstate Anion Photocatalysis: Synergistic Control by Polar and Steric Effects Expands the Reaction Scope. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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35
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Salamone M, Martin T, Milan M, Costas M, Bietti M. Electronic and Torsional Effects on Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Aliphatic C–H Bonds: A Kinetic Evaluation via Reaction with the Cumyloxyl Radical. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13542-13549. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Teo Martin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Milan
- QBIS
Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- QBIS
Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
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36
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Schultz DM, Lévesque F, DiRocco DA, Reibarkh M, Ji Y, Joyce LA, Dropinski JF, Sheng H, Sherry BD, Davies IW. Oxyfunctionalization of the Remote C−H Bonds of Aliphatic Amines by Decatungstate Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Schultz
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - François Lévesque
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Daniel A. DiRocco
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Yining Ji
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Leo A. Joyce
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - James F. Dropinski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Huaming Sheng
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherry
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Ian W. Davies
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
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37
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Schultz DM, Lévesque F, DiRocco DA, Reibarkh M, Ji Y, Joyce LA, Dropinski JF, Sheng H, Sherry BD, Davies IW. Oxyfunctionalization of the Remote C−H Bonds of Aliphatic Amines by Decatungstate Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15274-15278. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Schultz
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - François Lévesque
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Daniel A. DiRocco
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Yining Ji
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Leo A. Joyce
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - James F. Dropinski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Huaming Sheng
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherry
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Ian W. Davies
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
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38
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Liu J, Hu KF, Qu JP, Kang YB. Organopromoted Selectivity-Switchable Synthesis of Polyketones. Org Lett 2017; 19:5593-5596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kang-Fei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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39
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Milan M, Carboni G, Salamone M, Costas M, Bietti M. Tuning Selectivity in Aliphatic C–H Bond Oxidation of N-Alkylamides and Phthalimides Catalyzed by Manganese Complexes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Milan
- QBIS
Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giulia Carboni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Miquel Costas
- QBIS
Research Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
(IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
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40
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Mack JBC, Gipson JD, Du Bois J, Sigman MS. Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Hydroxylation in Aqueous Acid Enables Selective Functionalization of Amine Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9503-9506. [PMID: 28660763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification, optimization, and evaluation of a new catalytic protocol for sp3 C-H hydroxylation is described. Reactions are performed in aqueous acid using a bis(bipyridine)Ru catalyst to enable oxidation of substrates possessing basic amine functional groups. Tertiary and benzylic C-H hydroxylation is strongly favored over N-oxidation for numerous amine derivatives. With terpene-derived substrates, similar trends in reactivity toward tertiary and benzylic C-H bonds are observed. Hydroxylation of chiral tertiary centers is enantiospecific in spite of the ionizing strength of the reaction medium. Preliminary kinetics experiments show a marked difference in reactivity between isomeric cis- and trans-Ru catalysts suggesting that the catalyst is configurationally stable under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B C Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John D Gipson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - J Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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41
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Bietti M, Lanzalunga O, Lapi A, Martin T, Mazzonna M, Polin M, Salamone M. Aerobic Oxidation of 4-Alkyl-N,N-dimethylbenzylamines Catalyzed by N-Hydroxyphthalimide: Protonation-Driven Control over Regioselectivity. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5761-5768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di
Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione,
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- CIRCC Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Catalysis and Reactivity, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di
Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione,
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- CIRCC Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Catalysis and Reactivity, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Teo Martin
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di
Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione,
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di
Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione,
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Polin
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto CNR di
Metodologie Chimiche (IMC−CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione,
c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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42
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Griffiths RJ, Burley GA, Talbot EPA. Transition-Metal-Free Amine Oxidation: A Chemoselective Strategy for the Late-Stage Formation of Lactams. Org Lett 2017; 19:870-873. [PMID: 28177642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free strategy for the formation of lactams via selective oxidation of cyclic secondary and tertiary amines is described. Molecular iodine facilitates both chemoselective and regioselective oxidation of C-H bonds directly adjacent to a cyclic amine. The mild conditions, functional group tolerance, and substrate scope are demonstrated using a suite of diverse small molecule cyclic amines, including clinically approved drug scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Griffiths
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Glenn A Burley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Eric P A Talbot
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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43
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Abstract
This letter describes the development of a method for selective remote C(sp3)-H oxygenation of protonated aliphatic amines using aqueous potassium persulfate. Protonation serves to deactivate the proximal C(sp3)-H bonds of the amine substrates and also renders the amines soluble in the aqueous medium. These reactions proceed under relatively mild conditions (within 2 h at 80 °C with amine as limiting reagent) and do not require a transition metal catalyst. This method is applicable to a variety of types of C(sp3)-H bonds, including 3°, 2°, and benzylic C-H sites in primary, secondary, and tertiary amine substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lee
- University of Michigan , Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- University of Michigan , Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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44
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Luo L, Zhao X, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Lü S, Jia X. An aerobic oxidative aza-[4+2] cycloaddition induced by radical cation salt: Synthesis of dihydroquinazoline derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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45
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Barham JP, John MP, Murphy JA. Contra-thermodynamic Hydrogen Atom Abstraction in the Selective C–H Functionalization of Trialkylamine N-CH3 Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15482-15487. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P. John
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Murphy
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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46
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Salamone M, Carboni G, Bietti M. Fine Control over Site and Substrate Selectivity in Hydrogen Atom Transfer-Based Functionalization of Aliphatic C-H Bonds. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9269-9278. [PMID: 27618473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds over intrinsically more reactive ones represents an ongoing challenge of synthetic chemistry. Here we show that in hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the aliphatic C-H bonds of alkane, ether, alcohol, amide, and amine substrates to the cumyloxyl radical (CumO•) fine control over site and substrate selectivity is achieved by means of acid-base interactions. Protonation of the amines and metal ion binding to amines and amides strongly deactivates the C-H bonds of these substrates toward HAT to CumO•, providing a powerful method for selective functionalization of unactivated or intrinsically less reactive C-H bonds. With 5-amino-1-pentanol, site-selectivity has been drastically changed through protonation of the strongly activating NH2 group, with HAT that shifts to the C-H bonds that are adjacent to the OH group. In the intermolecular selectivity studies, trifluoroacetic acid, Mg(ClO4)2, and LiClO4 have been employed in a orthogonal fashion for selective functionalization of alkane, ether, alcohol, and amide (or amine) substrates in the presence of an amine (or amide) one. Ca(ClO4)2, that promotes deactivation of amines and amides by Ca2+ binding, offers, moreover, the opportunity to selectively functionalize the C-H bonds of alkane, ether, and alcohol substrates in the presence of both amines and amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Carboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy
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