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Li X, Deng W, Wen Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Li Z, Li Y, Hu J, Huang Y. Electrochemically Driven para-Selective C(sp 2)-H Alkylation Enabled by Activation of Alkyl Halides without Sacrificial Anodes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400010. [PMID: 38389032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
With alkyl halides (I, Br, Cl) as a coupling partner, an electrochemically driven strategy for para-selective C(sp2)-H alkylation of electron-deficient arenes (aryl esters, aldehydes, nitriles, and ketones) has been achieved to access diverse alkylated arenes in one step. The reaction enables the activation of alkyl halides in the absence of sacrificial anodes, achieving the formation of C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds under mild electrolytic conditions. The utility of this protocol is reflected in high site selectivity, broad substrate scope, and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yating Wen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
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2
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HajimohamadzadehTorkambour S, Nejad MJ, Pazoki F, Karimi F, Heydari A. Synthesis and characterization of a green and recyclable arginine-based palladium/CoFe 2O 4 nanomagnetic catalyst for efficient cyanation of aryl halides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14139-14151. [PMID: 38737408 PMCID: PMC11085038 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of magnetic nanoparticles in the fields of science and technology has gained considerable popularity. Among their various applications, magnetic nanoparticles have been predominantly employed in catalytic processes due to their easy accessibility, recoverability, effective surface properties, thermal stability, and low cost. In this particular study, cyanuric chloride and arginine were utilized to synthesize an arginine-based oligomeric compound (ACT), which was supported on cobalt ferrite, resulting in a green catalyst with high activity and convenient recyclability for the cyanation reaction of aryl halides. The Pd/CoFe2O4@ACT nanomagnetic catalyst demonstrated excellent performance in the cyanation of various aryl iodides and bromides, yielding favorable reaction outcomes at a temperature of 90 °C within a duration of 3 hours. The synthesized nanoparticles were successfully characterized using various techniques, including FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX/MAP, XRD, TEM, TGA, BET, and ICP-OES. Moreover, the Pd/CoFe2O4@ACT catalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic activity, maintaining an 88% performance even after five consecutive runs. Analysis of the reused catalyst through SEM and TEM imaging confirmed that there were no significant changes in the morphology or dispersion of the particles. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that the Pd/CoFe2O4@ACT nanomagnetic catalyst outperformed numerous catalysts previously reported in the literature for the cyanation of aryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoumeh Jadidi Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology P. O. Box 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | - Farzane Pazoki
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University P. O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | - Farzaneh Karimi
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University P. O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | - Akbar Heydari
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University P. O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
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3
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Ware SD, Zhang W, Guan W, Lin S, See KA. A guide to troubleshooting metal sacrificial anodes for organic electrosynthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5814-5831. [PMID: 38665512 PMCID: PMC11041367 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of reductive electrosynthetic reactions is often enabled by the oxidation of a sacrificial metal anode, which charge-balances the reductive reaction of interest occurring at the cathode. The metal oxidation is frequently assumed to be straightforward and innocent relative to the chemistry of interest, but several processes can interfere with ideal sacrificial anode behavior, thereby limiting the success of reductive electrosynthetic reactions. These issues are compounded by a lack of reported observations and characterization of the anodes themselves, even when a failure at the anode is observed. Here, we weave lessons from electrochemistry, interfacial characterization, and organic synthesis to share strategies for overcoming issues related to sacrificial anodes in electrosynthesis. We highlight common but underexplored challenges with sacrificial anodes that cause reactions to fail, including detrimental side reactions between the anode or its cations and the components of the organic reaction, passivation of the anode surface by an insulating native surface film, accumulation of insulating byproducts at the anode surface during the reaction, and competitive reduction of sacrificial metal cations at the cathode. For each case, we propose experiments to diagnose and characterize the anode and explore troubleshooting strategies to overcome the challenge. We conclude by highlighting open questions in the field of sacrificial-anode-driven electrosynthesis and by indicating alternatives to traditional sacrificial anodes that could streamline reaction optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler D Ware
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Wendy Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Kimberly A See
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
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4
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Liao JJ, Tian RG, Tian SK. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Allylammonium Salts with Alkyl Iodides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14781-14788. [PMID: 37769123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented reductive cross-coupling reaction of allylammonium salts with alkyl electrophiles has been established through C-N bond cleavage. A range of allylammonium bromides smoothly participated in the nickel-catalyzed zinc-mediated allyl-alkyl cross-electrophile coupling reaction with alkyl iodides, delivering structurally diverse alkene products in moderate to good yields with high linear selectivity. Preliminary mechanistic experiments are consistent with the formation of an alkyl radical from the alkyl iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Liao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ren-Gui Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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5
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Lu S, Chen X, Chang X, Zhang S, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Sun P. Boron-catalysed transition-metal-free arylation and alkenylation of allylic alcohols with boronic acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3329-3332. [PMID: 36756407 PMCID: PMC9869934 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07919d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient catalytic reactions with excellent atom and step economy employing sustainable catalysts is highly sought-after in chemical synthesis to reduce the negative effects on the environment. The most commonly-used strategy to construct allylic compounds relies on the transition-metal-catalysed nucleophilic substitution reaction of allylic alcohol derivatives. These syntheses exhibit good yield and selectivity, albeit at the expense of toxic and expensive catalysts and extra steps. In this paper, we report a transition-metal-free arylation and alkenylation reaction between unprotected allylic alcohols and boronic acids. The reactions were performed with B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst in toluene, and corresponding products were obtained in 23-92% yields. The reaction has mild conditions, scalability, excellent atom and step economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Lu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu UniversityChengduSichuan610106China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Shuaichen Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China
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6
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Afzal U, Bilal M, Zubair M, Rasool N, Adnan Ali Shah S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Stereospecific/stereoselective Nickel catalyzed reductive cross-coupling: An efficient tool for the synthesis of biological active targeted molecules. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Luo J, Chavez M, Durante C, Gennaro A, Isse AA, Fantin M. Improvement of electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization: Use of aluminum as a sacrificial anode in water. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Recent advances in organic electrosynthesis using heterogeneous catalysts modified electrodes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Wu H, Chen W, Deng W, Yang L, Li X, Hu Y, Li Y, Chen L, Huang Y. Cathodic Regioselective Coupling of Unactivated Aliphatic Ketones with Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1412-1417. [PMID: 35142220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective coupling of aliphatic ketones with alkenes has been realized by cathodic reduction. This reaction enables the formation of ketyl radicals and the activation of challenging alkenes under mild electrolysis conditions, providing an effective protocol for accessing diverse tertiary alcohols with substrate-dependent regioselectivity. The practicability of this reaction is demonstrated by scale-up experiments. The hydrogen source for the products, the migration isomerization of allylarenes, and the applicability of internal alkenes are demonstrated by control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Xinling Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
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10
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Chang Z, Wang J, Lu X, Fu Y. Synthesis of gem-Difluoroalkenes through Nickel-Promoted Electrochemical Reductive Cross-Coupling. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Ma C, Fang P, Liu ZR, Xu SS, Xu K, Cheng X, Lei A, Xu HC, Zeng C, Mei TS. Recent advances in organic electrosynthesis employing transition metal complexes as electrocatalysts. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2412-2429. [PMID: 36654127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has been widely used as an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional methods for redox reactions because it utilizes electric current as a traceless redox agent instead of chemical redox agents. Indirect electrolysis employing a redox catalyst has received tremendous attention, since it provides various advantages compared to direct electrolysis. With indirect electrolysis, overpotential of electron transfer can be avoided, which is inherently milder, thus wide functional group tolerance can be achieved. Additionally, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity can be tuned by the redox catalysts used in indirect electrolysis. Furthermore, electrode passivation can be avoided by preventing the formation of polymer films on the electrode surface. Common redox catalysts include N-oxyl radicals, hypervalent iodine species, halides, amines, benzoquinones (such as DDQ and tetrachlorobenzoquinone), and transition metals. In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of indirect organic electrosynthesis using transition metals as redox catalysts for reaction classes including C-H functionalization, radical cyclization, and cross-coupling of aryl halides-each owing to the diverse reactivity and accessible oxidation states of transition metals. Although various reviews of organic electrosynthesis are available, there is a lack of articles that focus on recent research progress in the area of indirect electrolysis using transition metals, which is the impetus for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Shuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Malapit CA, Prater MB, Cabrera-Pardo JR, Li M, Pham TD, McFadden TP, Blank S, Minteer SD. Advances on the Merger of Electrochemistry and Transition Metal Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3180-3218. [PMID: 34797053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic organic electrosynthesis has grown in the past few decades by achieving many valuable transformations for synthetic chemists. Although electrocatalysis has been popular for improving selectivity and efficiency in a wide variety of energy-related applications, in the last two decades, there has been much interest in electrocatalysis to develop conceptually novel transformations, selective functionalization, and sustainable reactions. This review discusses recent advances in the combination of electrochemistry and homogeneous transition-metal catalysis for organic synthesis. The enabling transformations, synthetic applications, and mechanistic studies are presented alongside advantages as well as future directions to address the challenges of metal-catalyzed electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jaime R Cabrera-Pardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tammy D Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Timothy Patrick McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Skylar Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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13
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Gafurov ZN, Kantyukov AO, Kagilev AA, Sinyashin OG, Yakhvarov DG. Electrochemical methods for synthesis and in situ generation of organometallic compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Novaes LFT, Liu J, Shen Y, Lu L, Meinhardt JM, Lin S. Electrocatalysis as an enabling technology for organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7941-8002. [PMID: 34060564 PMCID: PMC8294342 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has recently gained increased attention as a versatile strategy for achieving challenging transformations at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry. Electrochemistry's unique ability to generate highly reactive radical and radical ion intermediates in a controlled fashion under mild conditions has inspired the development of a number of new electrochemical methodologies for the preparation of valuable chemical motifs. Particularly, recent developments in electrosynthesis have featured an increased use of redox-active electrocatalysts to further enhance control over the selective formation and downstream reactivity of these reactive intermediates. Furthermore, electrocatalytic mediators enable synthetic transformations to proceed in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from purely chemical methods, allowing for the subversion of kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles encountered in conventional organic synthesis. This review highlights key innovations within the past decade in the area of synthetic electrocatalysis, with emphasis on the mechanisms and catalyst design principles underpinning these advancements. A host of oxidative and reductive electrocatalytic methodologies are discussed and are grouped according to the classification of the synthetic transformation and the nature of the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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15
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Zhang GM, Zhang H, Wang B, Wang JY. Boron-catalyzed dehydrative allylation of 1,3-diketones and β-ketone esters with 1,3-diarylallyl alcohols in water. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17025-17031. [PMID: 35479693 PMCID: PMC9031380 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01922h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-free catalytic allylation with atom economy and green environment friendly was developed. Allylic alcohols could be directly dehydrated in water by B(C6F5)3, without using any base additives. The reaction can afford the corresponding monoallylated product in moderate to high yield and has been performed on a gram-scale, and a quaternary carbon center can be constructed for the active methine compounds of 1,3-diketones or β-ketone esters in this process. The product can be further converted, such as the synthesis of tetra-substituted pyrazole compounds, or 1,4-dienes and functionalized dihydropyrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Min Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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16
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Walker BR, Manabe S, Brusoe AT, Sevov CS. Mediator-Enabled Electrocatalysis with Ligandless Copper for Anaerobic Chan-Lam Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6257-6265. [PMID: 33861580 PMCID: PMC8143265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple copper salts serve as catalysts to effect C-X bond-forming reactions in some of the most utilized transformations in synthesis, including the oxidative coupling of aryl boronic acids and amines. However, these Chan-Lam coupling reactions have historically relied on chemical oxidants that limit their applicability beyond small-scale synthesis. Despite the success of replacing strong chemical oxidants with electrochemistry for a variety of metal-catalyzed processes, electrooxidative reactions with ligandless copper catalysts are plagued by slow electron-transfer kinetics, irreversible copper plating, and competitive substrate oxidation. Herein, we report the implementation of substoichiometric quantities of redox mediators to address limitations to Cu-catalyzed electrosynthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that mediators serve multiple roles by (i) rapidly oxidizing low-valent Cu intermediates, (ii) stripping Cu metal from the cathode to regenerate the catalyst and reveal the active Pt surface for proton reduction, and (iii) providing anodic overcharge protection to prevent substrate oxidation. This strategy is applied to Chan-Lam coupling of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkylamines with arylboronic acids in the absence of chemical oxidants. Couplings under these electrochemical conditions occur with higher yields and shorter reaction times than conventional reactions in air and provide complementary substrate reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shuhei Manabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew T Brusoe
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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17
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Yin Z, Pang H, Guo X, Lin H, Muzzio M, Shen M, Wei K, Yu C, Williard P, Sun S. CuPd Nanoparticles as a Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Yin
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Huan Pang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Honghong Lin
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Michelle Muzzio
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Mengqi Shen
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Kecheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Paul Williard
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
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18
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Yin Z, Pang H, Guo X, Lin H, Muzzio M, Shen M, Wei K, Yu C, Williard P, Sun S. CuPd Nanoparticles as a Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15933-15936. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Yin
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Huan Pang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Honghong Lin
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Michelle Muzzio
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Mengqi Shen
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Kecheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Paul Williard
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02906 USA
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19
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Bismuth trichloride-catalyzed oxy-Michael addition of water and alcohol to α,β-unsaturated ketones. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Bahou KA, Braddock DC, Meyer AG, Savage GP, Shi Z, He T. A Relay Strategy Actuates Pre-Existing Trisubstituted Olefins in Monoterpenoids for Cross-Metathesis with Trisubstituted Alkenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4906-4917. [PMID: 32191466 PMCID: PMC7145354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A retrosynthetic disconnection-reconnection analysis of epoxypolyenes-substrates that can undergo cyclization to podocarpane-type tricycles-reveals relay-actuated Δ6,7-functionalized monoterpenoid alcohols for ruthenium benzylidene catalyzed olefin cross-metathesis with homoprenyl benzenes. Successful implementation of this approach provided several epoxypolyenes as expected (E/Z, ca. 2-3:1). The method is further generalized for the cross-metathesis of pre-existing trisubstituted olefins in other relay-actuated Δ6,7-functionalized monoterpenoid alcohols with various other trisubstituted alkenes to form new trisubstituted olefins. Epoxypolyene cyclization of an enantiomerically pure, but geometrically impure, epoxypolyene substrate provides an enantiomerically pure, trans-fused, podocarpane-type tricycle (from the E-geometrical isomer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - D Christopher Braddock
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Adam G Meyer
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Jerry Price Laboratory, Research Way, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Jerry Price Laboratory, Research Way, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhensheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Tianyou He
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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21
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Singh M, Kant Sharma L, Dubey R, Kumar Patel M, Prakash V, Krishna Pal Singh R. An Electrochemical Approach for the Direct Synthesis of 3, 5‐Disubstituted 1, 2, 4‐Triazoles from Nitriles and Hydrazides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Singh
- Electrochemical Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Allahabad Allahabad 211002 India
| | - Laxmi Kant Sharma
- Electrochemical Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Allahabad Allahabad 211002 India
| | - Rahul Dubey
- Electrochemical Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Allahabad Allahabad 211002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Patel
- Electrochemical Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Allahabad Allahabad 211002 India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Electrochemical Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Allahabad Allahabad 211002 India
| | - Rana Krishna Pal Singh
- Electrochemical Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Allahabad Allahabad 211002 India
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22
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Wu Z, Feng XX, Wang QD, Liu XY, Rao W, Yang JM, Shen ZL. An efficient Bi/NH4I-mediated addition reaction for the highly diastereoselective synthesis of homoallylic alcohols in aqueous media. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Chen H, Ye Y, Tong W, Fang J, Gong H. Formation of allylated quaternary carbon centers via C-O/C-O bond fragmentation of oxalates and allyl carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:454-457. [PMID: 31825428 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disclosed herein emphasizes Fe-promoted cross-electrophile allylation of tertiary alkyl oxalates with allyl carbonates that generates all C(sp3)-quaternary centers. The reaction involves fragmentation of tertiary alkyl oxalate C-O bonds to give tertiary alkyl radical intermediates, addition of the radicals to less hindered alkene terminals, and subsequent cleavage of the allyl C-O bonds. Allylation with 2-aryl substituted allyl carbonates was mediated by Zn/MgCl2, and Fe is used to promote the radical addition efficiency. By introduction of activated alkenes, a three-component radical cascade reaction took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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24
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Lai YL, Mo Y, Yan S, Zhang S, Zhu L, Luo J, Guo H, Cai J, Liao J. Electrochemical sulfonylation of alkenes with sulfonyl hydrazides: a metal- and oxidant-free protocol for the synthesis of (E)-vinyl sulfones in water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33155-33160. [PMID: 35515034 PMCID: PMC9056656 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An electrochemical sulfonylation of alkenes with sulfonyl hydrazides for the synthesis of (E)-vinyl sulfones in water is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Long Lai
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Yunyan Mo
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Shaoxi Yan
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Shengling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Lejie Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Huishi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Jianpeng Cai
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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25
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Torabi S, Jamshidi M, Amooshahi P, Mehrdadian M, Khazalpour S. Transition metal-catalyzed electrochemical processes for C–C bond formation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive electro-organometallic review has been carried out on C–C bond formation via variety of metals between 1984 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torabi
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan 65178-38683
- Iran
| | - Mahdi Jamshidi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
- Hamadan
- Iran
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26
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Copper(II)-catalyzed preparation of alkylindium compounds and applications in cross-coupling reactions both in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Lin DZ, Huang JM. Synthesis of 3-Formylindoles via Electrochemical Decarboxylation of Glyoxylic Acid with an Amine as a Dual Function Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2019; 21:5862-5866. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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28
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Jian W, Wang H, Du K, Zhong W, Huang J. Electrochemical Synthesis of 3‐Bromoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Directly from 2‐Aminopyridines and
alpha
‐Bromoketones. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Qian Jian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. CHINA
| | - Hai‐Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. CHINA
| | - Ke‐Si Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. CHINA
| | - Wei‐Qiang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. CHINA
| | - Jing‐Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. CHINA
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29
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Li F, Lin D, He T, Zhong W, Huang J. Electrochemical Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of
α, β‐
Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with CF
3
SO
2
Na. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Wushan, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Dian‐Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Wushan, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Tian‐Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Wushan, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Wushan, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Jing‐Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Wushan, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
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30
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Yang SM, He TJ, Lin DZ, Huang JM. Electrosynthesis of (E)-Vinyl Thiocyanates from Cinnamic Acids via Decarboxylative Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:1958-1962. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Tian-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Dian-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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31
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Stereoselective synthesis of sulfur-containing β-enaminonitrile derivatives through electrochemical Csp 3-H bond oxidative functionalization of acetonitrile. Nat Commun 2019; 10:833. [PMID: 30783088 PMCID: PMC6381189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of nitrile groups into fine chemicals is of particular interest through C(sp3)-H bonds activation of alkyl nitriles in the synthetic chemistry due to the highly efficient atom economy. However, the direct α-functionalization of alkyl nitriles is usually limited to its enolate chemistry. Here we report an electro-oxidative C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of acetonitrile with aromatic/aliphatic mercaptans for the synthesis of sulfur-containing β-enaminonitrile derivatives. These tetrasubstituted olefin products are stereoselectively synthesized and the stereoselectivity is enhanced in the presence of a phosphine oxide catalyst. With iodide as a redox catalyst, activation of C(sp3)-H bond to produce cyanomethyl radicals proceeds smoothly at a decreased anodic potential, and thus highly chemoselective formation of C-S bonds and enamines is achieved. Importantly, the process is carried out at ambient temperature and can be easily scaled up.
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32
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Kapat A, Sperger T, Guven S, Schoenebeck F. E-Olefins through intramolecular radical relocation. Science 2019; 363:391-396. [PMID: 30679370 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Full control over the selectivity of carbon-carbon double-bond migrations would enable access to stereochemically defined olefins that are central to the pharmaceutical, food, fragrance, materials, and petrochemical arenas. The vast majority of double-bond migrations investigated over the past 60 years capitalize on precious-metal hydrides that are frequently associated with reversible equilibria, hydrogen scrambling, incomplete E/Z stereoselection, and/or high cost. Here, we report a fundamentally different, radical-based approach. We showcase a nonprecious, reductant-free, and atom-economical nickel (Ni)(I)-catalyzed intramolecular 1,3-hydrogen atom relocation to yield E-olefins within 3 hours at room temperature. Remote installations of E-olefins over extended distances are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Kapat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sinem Guven
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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33
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Yu W, Chen L, Tao J, Wang T, Fu J. Dual nickel- and photoredox-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl vinyl halides and unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5918-5921. [PMID: 31045192 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel reductive cross-coupling of aryl vinyl halides and unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides has been realized via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis to produce vinyl arene derivatives bearing all-carbon quaternary centers with excellent E-selectivity. A stoichiometric metal reductant could be avoided by employing commercially available N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as the terminal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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34
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Abstract
An electrochemical bisindolylation of ethers was developed. Carried out under ambient conditions and in the absence of any chemical oxidants, this reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Si Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , China
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36
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Lin DZ, Huang JM. Electrochemical N-Formylation of Amines via Decarboxylation of Glyoxylic Acid. Org Lett 2018; 20:2112-2115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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37
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Ghorpade SA, Sawant DN, Renn D, Zernickel A, Du W, Sekar N, Eppinger J. Aqueous protocol for allylic arylation of cinnamyl acetates with sodium tetraphenylborate using a Bedford-type palladacycle catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Allylic arylation using 0.002 mol% of a Bedford-type palladacycle catalyst is described under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Arun Ghorpade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University)
| | - Dinesh Nanaji Sawant
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Dominik Renn
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Zernickel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiyuan Du
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University)
- N. Parekh Marg
- Matunga
- Mumbai-400019
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
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38
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Jiao KJ, Li ZM, Xu XT, Zhang LP, Li YQ, Zhang K, Mei TS. Palladium-catalyzed reductive electrocarboxylation of allyl esters with carbon dioxide. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed regioselective electrocarboxylation of homostyrenyl acetates with CO2 has been successfully developed, providing α-aryl carboxylic acids with good selectivity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhao-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
| | - Li-Pu Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
| | - Yi-Qian Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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39
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Yan M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13230-13319. [PMID: 28991454 PMCID: PMC5786875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1869] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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40
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Chen H, Jia X, Yu Y, Qian Q, Gong H. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Tertiary Alkyl Halides with Allylic Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yingying Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Qun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Hegui Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
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41
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Chen H, Jia X, Yu Y, Qian Q, Gong H. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Tertiary Alkyl Halides with Allylic Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13103-13106. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yingying Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Qun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Hegui Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
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Zhao Y, Lai YL, Du KS, Lin DZ, Huang JM. Electrochemical Decarboxylative Sulfonylation of Cinnamic Acids with Aromatic Sulfonylhydrazides to Vinyl Sulfones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9655-9661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yin-Long Lai
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ke-Si Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Dian-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional
Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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