1
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Banala S, Jin XT, Dilan TL, Sheu SH, Clapham DE, Drenan RM, Lavis LD. Elucidating and Optimizing the Photochemical Mechanism of Coumarin-Caged Tertiary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20627-20635. [PMID: 39023430 PMCID: PMC11295134 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Photoactivatable or "caged" pharmacological agents combine the high spatiotemporal specificity of light application with the molecular specificity of drugs. A key factor in all optopharmacology experiments is the mechanism of uncaging, which dictates the photochemical quantum yield and determines the byproducts produced by the light-driven chemical reaction. In previous work, we demonstrated that coumarin-based photolabile groups could be used to cage tertiary amine drugs as quaternary ammonium salts. Although stable, water-soluble, and useful for experiments in brain tissue, these first-generation compounds exhibit relatively low uncaging quantum yield (Φu < 1%) and release the toxic byproduct formaldehyde upon photolysis. Here, we elucidate the photochemical mechanisms of coumarin-caged tertiary amines and then optimize the major pathway using chemical modification. We discovered that the combination of 3,3-dicarboxyazetidine and bromine substituents shift the mechanism of release to heterolysis, eliminating the formaldehyde byproduct and giving photolabile tertiary amine drugs with Φu > 20%─a 35-fold increase in uncaging efficiency. This new "ABC" cage allows synthesis of improved photoactivatable derivatives of escitalopram and nicotine along with a novel caged agonist of the oxytocin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambashiva Banala
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Xiao-Tao Jin
- Department
of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest
University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Tanya L. Dilan
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Shu-Hsien Sheu
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - David E. Clapham
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Ryan M. Drenan
- Department
of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest
University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
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2
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Nguyen HD, Abe M. Crucial Roles of Leaving Group and Open-Shell Cation in Photoreaction of (Coumarin-4-yl)methyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10993-11001. [PMID: 38579283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Photoreactions of (coumarin-4-yl)methyl derivatives have been extensively studied in many fields of chemistry, including organic synthesis and photoinduced drug delivery systems. The identification of the reaction intermediates involved in the photoreactions is crucial not only for elucidating the reaction mechanism but also for the application of the photoreactions. In this study, the photoreactions of 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl thioester 1a [-SC(O)CH3], thionoester 1b [-OC(S)CH3], and ester 1c [-OC(O)CH3] were investigated to clarify the intermediary species and their chemical behavior. While a radical pair [i.e., 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl radical and CH3C(O)S•] plays an important role in the photoreactions of 1a and 1b, an ion pair [i.e., 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl cation, and CH3CO2-] was the key in the photoreaction of 1c. 18O-isotope-labeling of 1c revealed a negligible recombination process within the ion pair. The unprecedented observation was rationalized by the open-shell character of the 7-diethylamino(coumarin-4-yl)methyl cation, whose formation was confirmed through product analysis and transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Dang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
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3
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Silver nanoparticle decorated γ-cyclodextrin with 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene inclusion complex; as a sensitive fluorescence probe for dual metal ion sensing employing spectrum techniques. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Guo Y, Dai M, Phillips DL, Xu W, Ma J. Photodeprotection Reaction Mechanisms of Caged Species Utilizing a Photochromism Function. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3417-3423. [PMID: 35404609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acetoxy-1,2,2-tri(aryl)ethanone (1) is a novel and visual release-and-report system that contains the photochromic diarylethylene function attached to the photocage dimethoxybenzoin platform. However, the mechanism of 1 cyclization and a subsequent deprotection remains unclear. Here, we use femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies in combination with density functional theory computations to study the detailed reaction mechanism. The photodeprotection proceeds with competition between pathways initiated by two different configurations of the singlet excited state of 1 (labeled as 11LE and 11CT); the stepwise elimination after cyclization of 11LE constitutes the predominant pathway, whereas the concerted removal of acetic acid after cyclization of 11CT is the minor pathway. These results contribute to a detailed photodeprotection mechanism of 1 and provide new insights into the effect of geometric configurations of intermediates on the photodeprotection pathways. This new information can help in the further development of this type of the photolabile protecting group (PPG) for the protection of biorelevant molecules and in the design of an improved and versatile release-and-report PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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5
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Takano MA, Abe M. Photoreaction of 4-(Bromomethyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin: Generation of a Radical and Cation Triplet Diradical during the C-Br Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2022; 24:2804-2808. [PMID: 35394291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
7-Diethylamino-4-methyl coumarin (DEACM) derivatives are widely used as photolabile protecting groups. In this study, the photolysis of DEACM-Br with Br as the leaving group was investigated. The main reaction path was found to be the generation of radical D via homolytic C-Br bond cleavage. Interestingly, products derived from C-T, the triplet state of the carbocation intermediate (i.e., 7-(diethylamino)-4-methyl cation (C)), were identified, thereby confirming the existence of C-T for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma-Aya Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima University Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery-System (HiU-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima City, 739-8526 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima University Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery-System (HiU-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima City, 739-8526 Hiroshima, Japan
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6
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Liu G, Xu X, Dai X, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Lu L, Liu Y. Cucurbituril-activated photoreaction of dithienylethene for controllable targeted lysosomal imaging and anti-counterfeiting. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2494-2502. [PMID: 34870307 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular macrocycle-mediated photoreaction has been a research hotspot recently. Herein, we fabricated a photo-responsive intelligent supramolecular assembly that consisted of a water-soluble dithienylethene derivative (DTE-MPBT) and cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]). Importantly, CB[n], especially CB[8], could act as activators and trigger conformational alteration of the arm parts (typical molecular rotors) of DTE-MPBT, achieving dual functions, i.e. high-efficiency visible-light-cyclization reaction of the DTE core and fluorescence enhancement of DTE-MPBT, resulting in the formation of a dual visible light-driven fluorescent switch. These unexpected discoveries prompted the supramolecular assembly to be applied to dual-visible-light-controlled targeted lysosomal imaging and QR code information recognition. Moreover, the solid-state assembly exhibited more outstanding fluorescence and visible-light-switched fluorescence performance because of the host-guest-induced aggregation synergistic effect, showing fascinating applications, such as light-manipulative data storage and anti-counterfeiting. In brief, we unprecedentedly adopted a supramolecular strategy of "killing two birds with one stone", i.e. assembly-activated photochromism (AAP) and assembly-activated emission enhancement (AAEE), to fabricate dual-visible-light-driven fluorescent switches, which show promising application prospects in biomimetic smart nanomaterials based on supramolecular self-assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xianyin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Lu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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7
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Steinmetz MG, Givens RS. The Discovery, Development and Demonstration of Three Caged Compounds †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1168-1181. [PMID: 34101860 DOI: 10.1111/php.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the history, mechanistic aspects and applications is provided for p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) and benzoin photoremovable protecting groups, which release biologically important leaving groups upon photolysis with UV light. Also discussed is (7-diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)methyl (DEACM), a photoremovable protecting group that absorbs visible light. These are followed by the α-keto amides and naphtho- and benzothiophene-2-carboxanilides as caging groups, which eliminate leaving groups via photochemically produced zwitterionic intermediates. Also covered are amino-1,4-benzoquinones, which upon exposure to green and red wavelengths of light photorearrange to an unstable photoproduct that subsequently eliminates leaving groups in aqueous media. Selected examples are given that use these photoremovable protecting (caging) groups for the light-activated release of biologically important substrates under physiological conditions in cells and tissue as practical applications in biology, biochemistry and physiology. These caging groups have found significant applications because their photochemistry is efficient and a single coproduct is formed in addition to the photoreleased substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Steinmetz
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Richard S Givens
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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8
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Xu YY, Liu HK, Wang ZK, Song B, Zhang DW, Wang H, Li Z, Li X, Li ZT. Olive-Shaped Organic Cages: Synthesis and Remarkable Promotion of Hydrazone Condensation through Encapsulation in Water. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3943-3951. [PMID: 33599126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two organic cages have been prepared in situ in water through the 2 + 3 hydrazone coupling of two pyridinium-derived trialdehydes and oxalohydrazide. The highly water-soluble cages encapsulate and solubilize linear neutral molecules. Such encapsulation has been applied for the promotion of both two- or three-component hydrazone condensation in water. For two-component reactions, the yields of the resulting monohydrazones are increased from 5-10 to 90-96%. For three-component reactions of hydrazinecarbohydrazide with 11 aromatic aldehydes, in the presence of the organic cages, the bihydrazone products can be produced in 88-96% yields. In contrast, without the promotion of the organic cages, 9 of the reactions do not afford the corresponding dihydrazone product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Kun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ze-Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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9
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Zhang H, Wang L, Dong P, Mao S, Mao P, Liu G. Photolysis of the BODIPY dye activated by pillar[5]arene. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7454-7458. [PMID: 35423231 PMCID: PMC8694983 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a pseudo[3]rotaxane comprising a fluorescent BODIPY derivative and pillar[5]arene was conveniently fabricated via host–guest complexation. Importantly, in this system, the efficient photodecomposition of the BODIPY derivative in the presence of pillar[5]arene was witnessed upon irradiation at 311 nm light, which was demonstrated via UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, NMR and HR-MS spectroscopy techniques, but the only BODIPY dye in the absence of pillar[5]arene couldn't undergo photodegradation. We demonstrated that pillar[5]arene could act as an activator to trigger the photodegradation reaction of BODIPY derivatives via free radical reactions even without supramolecular interactions. The present results provide a new strategy for the efficient photolysis of organic dyes. Here, a pseudo[3]rotaxane comprising a fluorescent BODIPY derivative and pillar[5]arene was conveniently fabricated via host–guest complexation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Puyang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Shuqiang Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Pu Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
- College of Science
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10
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Field T, Peterson J, Ma C, Jagadesan P, Da Silva JP, Rubina M, Ramamurthy V, Givens RS. Competing pathways for photoremovable protecting groups: the effects of solvent, oxygen and encapsulation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1364-1372. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photolysis of p-hydroxyphenacyloxy arenes releases free phenols in good yields governed by their pKa. At high pKa, new byproducts (Bvs. A) reveal a change in reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Field
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | | | - Chicheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | | | - José P. Da Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences
- University of Algarve
- Campus de Gambelas
- Portugal
| | - Marina Rubina
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - V. Ramamurthy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
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11
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Kamatham N, Raj AM, Givens RS, Da Silva JP, Ramamurthy V. Supramolecular photochemistry of encapsulated caged ortho-nitrobenzyl triggers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2411-2420. [PMID: 31347647 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ortho-Nitrobenzyl (oNB) triggers have been extensively used to release various molecules of interest. However, the toxicity and reactivity of the spent chromophore, o-nitrosobenzaldehyde, remains an unaddressed difficulty. In this study we have applied the well-established supramolecular photochemical concepts to retain the spent trigger o-nitrosobenzaldehyde within the organic capsule after release of water-soluble acids and alcohols. The sequestering power of organic capsules for spent chromophores during photorelease from ortho-nitrobenzyl esters, ethers and alcohols is demonstrated with several examples.
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12
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Das A, Sharma G, Kamatham N, Prabhakar R, Sen P, Ramamurthy V. Ultrafast Solvation Dynamics Reveal that Octa Acid Capsule's Interior Dryness Depends on the Guest. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5928-5936. [PMID: 31276410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are well-known to exhibit environment-dependent excited-state behavior. We have exploited this feature to probe the accessibility of solvent water molecules to coumarins (guest) encapsulated within an organic capsule (host). Two sets of coumarins, one small that fits well within the capsule and the other larger that fits within an enlarged capsule, are used as guests. In our study, the two sets of coumarins serve different purposes: one is employed to explore electron transfer across the capsule and the other to release photoprotected acids into the aqueous environment. The capsule is made up of two molecules of octa acid (OA) and is soluble in an aqueous medium under slightly basic conditions. Molecular modeling studies revealed that while the OA capsule is fully closed with no access to water in the case of smaller coumarins, with the larger molecules, the capsule is not tight and the guest is in contact with water molecules, the number being dependent on the size of the coumarin. We have used the ultrafast time-dependent Stokes shift method to understand the solvent dynamics around the above guest molecules encapsulated within an OA capsule in an aqueous medium. Results depict that for the smaller sets of coumarins, water cannot access the guests within the OA cavity during their excited state lifetime. However, the case is completely different for the larger coumaryl esters. Distorted capsule structure exposes the guest to water, and a dynamics Stokes shift is observed. The average solvation time decreases with the increasing size of guests that clearly indicates accessibility of the encapsulated guests toward greater number of water molecules as the capsule structure distorts with increasing size of the guests. Results of the ultrafast solvation dynamics are consistent with that of molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Nareshbabu Kamatham
- Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
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13
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Guo Y, Song Q, Xu T, Ma J, Phillips DL. The solvent effect on the photodeprotection of anthraquinone protected carboxylic acid unravelled by time-resolved spectroscopic studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14598-14604. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy studies coupled with the results from density functional theory (DFT) computations unraveled the photodeprotection reaction mechanism(s) of AQ protected p-methoxybenzoic acid and the solvent effect on the photodeprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Tongyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong S.A.R
- P. R. China
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14
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Sonaimuthu M, Balakrishnan SB, Kuppu SV, Veerakanellore GB, Thambusamy S. Spectral and proton transfer behavior of 1,4-dihydroxylanthraquinone in aqueous and confined media; molecular modelling strategy. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Slanina T, Shrestha P, Palao E, Kand D, Peterson JA, Dutton AS, Rubinstein N, Weinstain R, Winter AH, Klán P. In Search of the Perfect Photocage: Structure-Reactivity Relationships in meso-Methyl BODIPY Photoremovable Protecting Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15168-15175. [PMID: 29039200 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of the photophysical parameters and photochemical reactivity of meso-methyl BODIPY photoremovable protecting groups was accomplished through systematic variation of the leaving group (LG) and core substituents as well as substitutions at boron. Efficiencies of the LG release were evaluated using both steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopies as well as computational analyses to identify the optimal structural features. We find that the quantum yields for photorelease with this photocage are highly sensitive to substituent effects. In particular, we find that the quantum yields of photorelease are improved with derivatives with higher intersystem crossing quantum yields, which can be promoted by core heavy atoms. Moreover, release quantum yields are dramatically improved by boron alkylation, whereas alkylation in the meso-methyl position has no effect. Better LGs are released considerably more efficiently than poorer LGs. We find that these substituent effects are additive, for example, a 2,6-diiodo-B-dimethyl BODIPY photocage features quantum yields of 28% for the mediocre LG acetate and a 95% quantum yield of release for chloride. The high chemical and quantum yields combined with the outstanding absorption properties of BODIPY dyes lead to photocages with uncaging cross sections over 10 000 M-1 cm-1, values that surpass cross sections of related photocages absorbing visible light. These new photocages, which absorb strongly near the second harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser (532 nm), hold promise for manipulating and interrogating biological and material systems with the high spatiotemporal control provided by pulsed laser irradiation, while avoiding the phototoxicity problems encountered with many UV-absorbing photocages. More generally, the insights gained from this structure-reactivity relationship may aid in the development of new highly efficient photoreactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pradeep Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Eduardo Palao
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Julie A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Andrew S Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Naama Rubinstein
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Weinstain
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1608 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Asad N, Deodato D, Lan X, Widegren MB, Phillips DL, Du L, Dore TM. Photochemical Activation of Tertiary Amines for Applications in Studying Cell Physiology. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12591-12600. [PMID: 28806084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Representative tertiary amines were linked to the 8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolinyl (CyHQ) photoremovable protecting group (PPG) to create photoactivatable forms suitable for use in studying cell physiology. The photoactivation of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which can be used to activate Cre recombinase and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, demonstrated that highly efficient release of bioactive molecules could be achieved through one- and two-photon excitation (1PE and 2PE). CyHQ-protected anilines underwent a photoaza-Claisen rearrangement instead of releasing amines. Time-resolved spectroscopic studies revealed that photorelease of the tertiary amines was extremely fast, occurring from a singlet excited state of CyHQ on the 70 ps time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Davide Deodato
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xin Lan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Magnus B Widegren
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy M Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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