1
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Wang X, He J, Wang YN, Zhao Z, Jiang K, Yang W, Zhang T, Jia S, Zhong K, Niu L, Lan Y. Strategies and Mechanisms of First-Row Transition Metal-Regulated Radical C-H Functionalization. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10192-10280. [PMID: 39115179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Radical C-H functionalization represents a useful means of streamlining synthetic routes by avoiding substrate preactivation and allowing access to target molecules in fewer steps. The first-row transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) are Earth-abundant and can be employed to regulate radical C-H functionalization. The use of such metals is desirable because of the diverse interaction modes between first-row transition metal complexes and radical species including radical addition to the metal center, radical addition to the ligand of metal complexes, radical substitution of the metal complexes, single-electron transfer between radicals and metal complexes, hydrogen atom transfer between radicals and metal complexes, and noncovalent interaction between the radicals and metal complexes. Such interactions could improve the reactivity, diversity, and selectivity of radical transformations to allow for more challenging radical C-H functionalization reactions. This review examines the achievements in this promising area over the past decade, with a focus on the state-of-the-art while also discussing existing limitations and the enormous potential of high-value radical C-H functionalization regulated by these metals. The aim is to provide the reader with a detailed account of the strategies and mechanisms associated with such functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kui Jiang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 451162, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kangbao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Linbin Niu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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2
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Dehnert BW, Dworkin JH, Kwon O. Dealkenylative Functionalizations: Conversion of Alkene C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Bonds into C(sp 3)-X Bonds via Redox-Based Radical Processes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2024; 56:71-86. [PMID: 38832211 PMCID: PMC11147281 DOI: 10.1055/a-2044-4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the history and recent advances in dealkenylative functionalization. Through this deconstructive strategy, radical functionalizations occur under mild, robust conditions. The reactions described proceed with high efficiency, good stereoselectivity, tolerate many functional groups, and are completed within a matter of minutes. By cleaving the C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond of terpenes and terpenoid-derived precursors, rapid diversification of natural products is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady W Dehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy H Dworkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Yang X, Zhang G, Zhou J, Zhou C, Wang L, Li P. Microwave-promoted radical addition/cyclization of biaryl vinyl ketones with diacyl peroxides in water under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4018-4021. [PMID: 37128770 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This communication reports an efficient microwave-promoted radical addition/cyclization reaction of biaryl vinyl ketones with diacyl peroxides in water under metal-free conditions. A series of 10-methyl-10-benzyl(alkyl)phenanthren-9(10H)-ones were obtained in high yields with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China.
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4
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Dworkin JH, Dehnert BW, Kwon O. When all C-C breaks LO-Ose. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 5:174-200. [PMID: 38108020 PMCID: PMC10725311 DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides are becoming popular intermediates for novel chemical transformations. The weak O-O bond is readily reduced by transition metals, including iron and copper, to initiate a radical cascade process that breaks C-C bonds. Great potential exists for the rapid generation of complexity, originating from the ability to couple the resulting free radicals with a wide range of partners. First, this review article discusses the history and synthesis of organic peroxides, providing the context necessary to understand this methodology. Then, it highlights 91 examples of recent applications of the radical functionalization of C-C bonds accessed through the transition metal-mediated reduction of organic peroxides. Finally, we provide some comments about safety when working with organic peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy H. Dworkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Brady W. Dehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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5
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Liu H, Yu JT, Pan C. Diacyl peroxides: practical reagents as aryl and alkyl radical sources. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6707-6724. [PMID: 34137395 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02322e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diacyl peroxides, which can be easily synthesized from corresponding carboxylic acids, are commonly utilized as radical initiators and one electron oxidants. Under thermal, transition-metal catalysis or irradiation conditions the cleavage of relatively weak O-O bonds would occur followed by CO2 extrusion to generate the corresponding aryl or alkyl radicals. Thus, diacyl peroxides can be employed as ideal arylating and alkylating reagents in organic synthesis, including C-H/N-H arylation/alkylation, aryl/alkyl radical addition to unsaturated bonds, hetero arylation/alkylation, eliminative arylation/alkylation, perfluoroalkylation etc. Moreover, these arylation/alkylation protocols have been successfully utilized in the synthesis and late-stage functionalization of natural products as well as bioactive molecules. In this review, recent advances on arylation and alkylation using diacyl peroxides as aryl and alkyl radical sources are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
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6
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Yu W, Wang P, Xu K, Li H. Iron‐Promoted Radical Cyclization of β, γ‐Unsaturated Oximes: Dual Role of Iron(III) Nitrate as a Promoter and Nitrooxy Source. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Application Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University Huaibei, Anhui 235000 P. R. China
| | - Pei‐Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Application Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University Huaibei, Anhui 235000 P. R. China
- Information College Huaibei Normal University Huaibei 235000 P. R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Application Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University Huaibei, Anhui 235000 P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Application Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University Huaibei, Anhui 235000 P. R. China
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7
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Yuan J, Zhang X, Yang C. Regioselective Pd-catalyzed α-alkylation of furans using alkyl iodides. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13832-13838. [PMID: 35423913 PMCID: PMC8697702 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical and regioselective strategy to synthesize α-alkylfurans via Pd-catalyzed direct C–H alkylation using alkyl iodides was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
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8
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Kawamura S, Mukherjee S, Sodeoka M. Recent advances in reactions using diacyl peroxides as sources of O- and C-functional groups. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2096-2109. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in reactions utilizing diacyl peroxides as O- and C-sources, with examples illustrating how the reactivity of diacyl peroxides in organic reactions can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawamura
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
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9
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Wang K, Chen S, Li Y, Li D, Bao H. Iron-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heck-Type Alkylation of Conjugate 1,3-Dienes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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11
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Direct C(sp 2)-H alkylation of unactivated arenes enabled by photoinduced Pd catalysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5266. [PMID: 33077720 PMCID: PMC7572399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of efficient and selective synthesis of widely useful alkylarenes, the direct catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation of unactivated arenes with a readily available alkyl halide remains elusive. Here, we report the catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation reactions of unactivated arenes with alkyl bromides via visible-light induced Pd catalysis. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions without any skeletal rearrangement of the alkyl groups. The direct syntheses of structurally diverse linear and branched alkylarenes, including the late-stage phenylation of biologically active molecules and an orthogonal one-pot sequential Pd-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reaction, are achieved with exclusive chemoselectivity and exceptional functional group tolerance. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations through a combination of experimental and computational methods reveal a distinguishable Pd(0)/Pd(I) redox catalytic cycle and the origin of the counter-intuitive reactivity differences among alkyl halides. Direct catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation of unactivated arenes with alkyl halides remains elusive despite the progress in C-H functionalization. Here, the authors report the catalytic C(sp2)–H alkylation of unactivated arenes with alkyl bromides via visible-light induced Pd catalysis.
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12
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Luo W, Yang Y, Liu B, Yin B. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Decarbonylative α-Alkylation of Acyl-Substituted Furans with Aliphatic Aldehydes as the Alkylating Agents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9396-9404. [PMID: 32524818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for FeCl2-catalyzed oxidative decarbonylative α-alkylation of acyl furans using alkyl aldehydes as the alkylating agents has been developed. This protocol affords α-alkyl-α-acylfurans in moderate to good yields in a practical and sustainable fashion. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via generation of an alkyl radical from the alkyl aldehyde, addition of the radical to the furan ring, and subsequent rearomatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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13
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Tian H, Xu W, Liu Y, Wang Q. Unnatural α-Amino Acid Synthesized through α-Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives by Diacyl Peroxides. Org Lett 2020; 22:5005-5008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Al‐Zoubi RM, Al‐Jammal WK, McDonald R. Microwave‐Assisted/Pd‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Triiodoanisole from 3‐Anisic Acid: A Superior Substrate for Regioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Diiodobiphenyls. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raed M. Al‐Zoubi
- Department of ChemistryJordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Walid K. Al‐Jammal
- Department of ChemistryJordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry CentreUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G2G2 Canada
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15
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Bismuth-catalyzed methylation and alkylation of quinone derivatives with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate as an oxidant. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Cheng X, Shan J, Tian X, Ren YL, Zhu Y. Benzylation of Arenes with Benzyl Halides under Promoter-Free and Additive-Free Conditions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang 471003 Henan P. R. China
| | - Jiankai Shan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P.R. China
| | - Xinshe Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang 471003 Henan P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lai Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang 471003 Henan P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P.R. China
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17
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Evano G, Theunissen C. Beyond Friedel and Crafts: Innate Alkylation of C−H Bonds in Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7558-7598. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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18
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Murai M, Nishinaka N, Kimura M, Takai K. Regioselective Functionalization of 9,9-Dimethyl-9-silafluorenes by Borylation, Bromination, and Nitration. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5667-5676. [PMID: 30938531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the utility of 9-silafluorenes as functional materials and as building blocks, methods for efficient functionalization of their backbone are rare, probably because of the presence of easily cleavable C-Si bonds. Although controlling the regioselectivity of iridium-catalyzed direct borylation of C-H bonds is difficult, we found that bromination and nitration of 2-methoxy-9-silafluorene under mild conditions occurred predominantly at the electron-rich position. The resulting product having methoxy and bromo groups can be utilized as a building block for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 9-silafluorene-containing π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Naoki Nishinaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Mizuki Kimura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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19
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Evano G, Theunissen C. Jenseits von Friedel und Crafts: immanente Alkylierung von C‐H‐Bindungen in Arenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
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20
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Tian H, Xu W, Liu Y, Wang Q. Radical alkylation of C(sp3)–H bonds with diacyl peroxides under catalyst-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14813-14816. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a protocol for alkylation reactions of C(sp3)–H bonds with diacyl peroxides by means of a process involving cross-coupling between an alkyl radical and an α-aminoalkyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wentao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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Ye C, Qian B, Li Y, Su M, Li D, Bao H. Iron-Catalyzed Dehydrative Alkylation of Propargyl Alcohol with Alkyl Peroxides To Form Substituted 1,3-Enynes. Org Lett 2018; 20:3202-3205. [PMID: 29786445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a new method for the generation of substituted 1,3-enynes, whose synthesis by other methods could be a challenge. The dehydrative decarboxylative cascade coupling reaction of propargyl alcohol with alkyl peroxides is enabled by an iron catalyst and alkylating reagents. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups can be introduced into 1,3-enynes, affording various substituted 1,3-enynes in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of a radical-polar crossover pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Qian
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Daliang Li
- Biomedical Research Center of South China & College of Life Science , Fujian Normal University , No. 1 Keji Road, Shangjie , Fuzhou , Fujian 350117 , P. R. China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
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