1
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Nobuta T, Tsuchiya N, Suto Y, Yamagiwa N. Hexylsilane-mediated direct amidation of amino acids with a catalytic amount of 1,2,4-triazole. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:703-707. [PMID: 38044816 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01722b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report amino acid amidation using hexylsilane and a catalytic amount of 1,2,4-triazole. The conventional protection/deprotection method for the α-amino group of amino acids is not required. The corresponding α-amino amides were obtained in moderate to good yields with low to no racemization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nobuta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui Takasaki, Gumma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui Takasaki, Gumma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Suto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui Takasaki, Gumma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Yamagiwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui Takasaki, Gumma, 370-0033, Japan.
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2
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Zhang YP, Du S, Ma Y, Zhan W, Chen W, Yang X, Zhang H. Structure-Unit-Based Total Synthesis of (-)-Sinulochmodin C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315481. [PMID: 38009457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a structure-unit-based asymmetric total synthesis of sinulochmodin C, a norcembranoid diterpenoid bearing a transannular strained ether bridge β-keto tetrahydrofuran moiety. Our synthetic route features an intramolecular double Michael addition to construct stereospecifically the [7,6,5,5] tetracyclic skeleton, a vinylogous hydroxylation/oxidation procedure or a stereospecific epoxide opening/oxidation sequence to establish the γ-keto enone intermediate, a Lewis acid/Brønsted acid mediated transannular oxa-Michael addition to fuse the β-keto tetrahydrofuran moiety, a Mukaiyama hydration/Pd-C hydrogenation to reverse the C1-configuration of the isopropenyl unit, and a bioinspired transformation of sinulochmodin C into scabrolide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Shufei Du
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Weixin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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3
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Liu C, Van der Eycken J, Van der Eycken EV. Transition Metal-Free N-S Bond Cleavage and C-N Bond Activation of Ugi-Adducts for Rapid Preparation of Primary Amides and α-Ketoamides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301541. [PMID: 37410246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel method of transition metal-free N-S bond cleavage and subsequent C-N bond activation of Ugi-adducts was developed. Diverse primary amides and α-ketoamides were prepared in a rapid, step-economical and highly efficient manner in two steps. This strategy features excellent chemoselectivity, high yield and functional-group tolerance. Primary amides derived from the pharmaceuticals probenecid and febuxostat were prepared. This method opens a new pathway for the simultaneous synthesis of primary amides and α-ketoamides in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S.4), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya street 6, Moskva, RU-117198, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Allenbaugh RJ, Shaw A. Kinetic analysis of the liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) mechanosynthesis of metal bipyridine complexes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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5
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Traboni S, Esposito F, Ziaco M, Bedini E, Iadonisi A. A comprehensive solvent-free approach for the esterification and amidation of carboxylic acids mediated by carbodiimides. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Elwood JL, Henry MC, Lopez-Fernandez JD, Mowat JM, Boyle M, Buist B, Livingstone K, Jamieson C. Functionalized Tetrazoles as Latent Active Esters in the Synthesis of Amide Bonds. Org Lett 2022; 24:9491-9496. [PMID: 36524745 PMCID: PMC9806851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of N-2,4-dinitrophenyltetrazoles as latent active esters (LAEs) in the synthesis of amide bonds. Activating the tetrazole generates an HOBt-type active ester without the requirement for exogenous coupling agents. The methodology was widely applicable to a range of substrates, with up to quantitative yields obtained. The versatility and functional group tolerance were exemplified with the one-step synthesis of various pharmaceutical agents and the N-acylation of resin-bound peptides.
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7
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Alam T, Rakshit A, Dhara HN, Palai A, Patel BK. Electrochemical Amidation: Benzoyl Hydrazine/Carbazate and Amine as Coupling Partners. Org Lett 2022; 24:6619-6624. [PMID: 36069423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical amidation of benzoyl hydrazine/carbazate and primary/secondary amine as coupling partners via concomitant cleavage and formation of C(sp2)-N bonds has been achieved. This methodology proceeds under metal-free and exogenous oxidant-free conditions producing N2 and H2 as byproducts. Mechanistic studies reveal the in situ generations of both acyl and N-centered radicals from benzoyl hydrazines and amines. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated through a large-scale, and synthesis of bezafibrate, a hyperlipidemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Hirendra Nath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Angshuman Palai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
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8
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Mart M, Karakaya I, Jurczak J. DCC Mediated Direct Amidation of NSAID Naproxen, Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen with Secondary Amines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Mart
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka, 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Idris Karakaya
- Department of Chemistry College of Basic Sciences Gebze Technical University 41400 Gebze Turkey
| | - Janusz Jurczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka, 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Magano J. Large-Scale Amidations in Process Chemistry: Practical Considerations for Reagent Selection and Reaction Execution. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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10
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Novel flavonoid hybrids as potent antiviral agents against hepatitis A: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114452. [PMID: 35597006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of flavonoid hybrids, totaling 42 compounds, were designed, synthesized and evaluated to develop antiviral compounds effective against hepatitis A virus (HAV). A recombinant viral screening system revealed that most of the synthesized derivatives exhibited significant anti-HAV activity, and compounds B2, B3, B5 and B27 were identified as potential inhibitors of HAV. Post-treatment of cells with B2, B3, B5 and B27 after HAV infection strongly suppressed HAV infection, whereas pretreatment or simultaneous treatment were ineffective. Furthermore, these four compounds significantly inhibited HAV (HM175/18f strain) production in a dose-dependent manner. Analyses using HAV subgenomic replicon systems indicated that these compounds specifically inhibit HAV RNA replication. More importantly, the most potent compounds B2 and B27 also showed clear inhibitory effects on two other HAV strains, KRM031 and TKM005, which also isolated from clinical patients. Our study is the first to report these newly designed flavonoid hybrids as lead compounds for the development of novel anti-HAV drugs.
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11
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Lainer T, Czerny F, Haas M. Solvent-free amide bond formation using a variety of methoxysilanes as coupling agent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3717-3720. [PMID: 35441639 PMCID: PMC9092949 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free procedure for the formation of amides without exclusion of air and moisture is described. Using tetramethoxysilane 1, hexamethoxydisilane 2 and dodecamethoxy-neopentasilane 3 as coupling agent carboxylic acids and amines are reacted to form amides in good to excellent yields. The formation of these amides was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Remarkably, neopentasilane 3 exceeds the performance of the currently used monosilanes as coupling agent in terms of group tolerance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lainer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Frank Czerny
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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12
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Braddock DC, Davies JJ, Lickiss PD. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTM) as a Reagent for Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:1175-1179. [PMID: 35084870 PMCID: PMC9007566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Methyltrimethoxysilane [MTM, CH3Si(OMe)3]
has been demonstrated to be an effective, inexpensive, and safe reagent
for the direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines. Two simple
workup procedures that provide the pure amide product without the
need for further purification have been developed. The first employs
an aqueous base-mediated annihilation of MTM. The second involves
simple product crystallization from the reaction mixture providing
a low process mass intensity
direct amidation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Christopher Braddock
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Joshua J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Paul D Lickiss
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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13
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Govada GV, Sabbasani RR. A new outlook in oxidative transformations and coupling reactions via in situ generation of organic chloramines. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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SINGH JITENDER, Sharma A. Green and Sustainable Visible Light-Mediated Formation of Amide Bonds: An Emerging Niche in Organic Chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02406c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amide bond is one of the most fascinating functional groups in nature due to its stability, conformational diversity, high bond polarity, and abundance in numerous natural products and drug candidates,...
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15
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Kalita T, Mandal B. One‐Pot Synthesis of Amide, Dipeptide, Ester and Hydroxamate Using Oxyma and Thionyl Chloride (SOCl
2
). ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Kalita
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Bhubaneswar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
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16
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Ning Y, Wang S, Li M, Han J, Zhu C, Xie J. Site-specific Umpolung amidation of carboxylic acids via triplet synergistic catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4637. [PMID: 34330910 PMCID: PMC8324892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of catalytic amide bond-forming methods is important because they could potentially address the existing limitations of classical methods using superstoichiometric activating reagents. In this paper, we disclose an Umpolung amidation reaction of carboxylic acids with nitroarenes and nitroalkanes enabled by the triplet synergistic catalysis of FeI2, P(V)/P(III) and photoredox catalysis, which avoids the production of byproducts from stoichiometric coupling reagents. A wide range of carboxylic acids, including aliphatic, aromatic and alkenyl acids participate smoothly in such reactions, generating structurally diverse amides in good yields (86 examples, up to 97% yield). This Umpolung amidation strategy opens a method to address challenging regioselectivity issues between nucleophilic functional groups, and complements the functional group compatibility of the classical amidation protocols. The synthetic robustness of the reaction is demonstrated by late-stage modification of complex molecules and gram-scale applications. Catalytic amide bond-forming methods is important because they could potentially address the existing limitations of classical methods using superstoichiometric activating reagents. Here the authors show an Umpolung amidation reaction of carboxylic acids with nitroarenes and nitroalkanes enabled by FeI2, P(V)/P(III) and photoredox catalysis that avoids the production of byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
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17
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Catalytic and non-catalytic amidation of carboxylic acid substrates. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1311-1344. [PMID: 34120303 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present review offers an apt summary of amide bond formation with carboxylic acid substrates by taking advantage of several methods. Carboxamides can be regarded as a substantial part of organic and medicinal chemistry due to their utility in synthesizing peptides, lactams, and more than 25% of familiar drugs. Moreover, they play a leading role in the synthesis of bioactive products with anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. The data are arranged based on the type and amount of reagents used to conduct amidation and are also divided into the following categories: catalytic amidation of carboxylic acids, non-catalytic amidation, and transamidation.
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18
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Banerjee A, Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Regio- and Stereoselective (SN2) N-, O-, C- and S-Alkylation Using Trialkyl Phosphates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1504-8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) is one of the most well-known fundamental reactions in organic chemistry to generate new molecules from two molecules. In principle, a nucleophile attacks from the back side of an alkylating agent having a suitable leaving group, most commonly a halide. However, alkyl halides are expensive, very harmful, toxic and not so stable, which makes them problematic for laboratory use. In contrast, trialkyl phosphates are inexpensive, readily accessible and stable at room temperature, under air, and are easy to handle, but rarely used as alkylating agents in organic synthesis. Here, we describe a mild, straightforward and powerful method for nucleophilic alkylation of various N-, O-, C- and S-nucleophiles using readily available trialkyl phosphates. The reaction proceeds smoothly in excellent yield, and quantitative yield in many cases, and covers a wide range of substrates. Further, the rare stereoselective transfer of secondary alkyl groups has been achieved with inversion of configuration of chiral centers (up to 98% ee).
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19
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Hiscocks HG, Yit DL, Pascali G, Ung AT. Incorporation of the pentafluorosulfanyl group through common synthetic transformations. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Selective Synthesis of N-Acylnortropane Derivatives in Palladium-Catalysed Aminocarbonylation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061813. [PMID: 33807018 PMCID: PMC8004868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminocarbonylation of various alkenyl and (hetero)aryl iodides was carried out using tropane-based amines of biological importance, such as 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (nortropinone) and 3α-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropine) as N-nucleophile. Using iodoalkenes, the two nucleophiles were selectively converted to the corresponding amide in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/2 PPh3 catalysts. In the presence of several iodo(hetero)arenes, the application of the bidentate Xantphos was necessary to produce the target compounds selectively. The new carboxamides of varied structure, formed in palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reactions, were isolated and fully characterized. In this way, a novel synthetic method has been developed for the producing of N-acylnortropane derivatives of biological importance.
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21
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Fiolek TJ, Magyar CL, Wall TJ, Davies SB, Campbell MV, Savich CJ, Tepe JJ, Mosey RA. Dihydroquinazolines enhance 20S proteasome activity and induce degradation of α-synuclein, an intrinsically disordered protein associated with neurodegeneration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127821. [PMID: 33513387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aggregates or oligomeric forms of many intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), including α-synuclein, are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and key contributors to their pathogenesis. Due to their disordered nature and therefore lack of defined drug-binding pockets, IDPs are difficult targets for traditional small molecule drug design and are often referred to as "undruggable". The 20S proteasome is the main protease that targets IDPs for degradation and therefore small molecule 20S proteasome enhancement presents a novel therapeutic strategy by which these undruggable IDPs could be targeted. The concept of 20S activation is still relatively new, with few potent activators having been identified thus far. Herein, we synthesized and evaluated a library of dihydroquinazoline analogues and discovered several promising new 20S proteasome activators. Further testing of top hits revealed that they can enhance 20S mediated degradation of α-synuclein, the IDP associated with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Fiolek
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Christina L Magyar
- Department of Chemistry, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, United States
| | - Tyler J Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, United States
| | - Steven B Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, United States
| | - Molly V Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, United States
| | - Christopher J Savich
- Department of Chemistry, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, United States
| | - Jetze J Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - R Adam Mosey
- Department of Chemistry, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, United States.
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22
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Ghosh AK, Shahabi D. Synthesis of amide derivatives for electron deficient amines and functionalized carboxylic acids using EDC and DMAP and a catalytic amount of HOBt as the coupling reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 63:152719. [PMID: 33456089 PMCID: PMC7808253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient protocol for amide bond formation for electron deficient amines and carboxylic acids is described. Amide coupling of aniline derivatives has been investigated with a number of reagents under a variety of reaction conditions. The use of 1 equivalent of EDC and 1 equivalent of DMAP, catalytic amount of HOBt and DIPEA provided the best results. This method is amenable to the synthesis of a range of functionalized amide derivatives with electron deficient and unreactive amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dana Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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23
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Davies JJ, Christopher Braddock D, Lickiss PD. Silicon compounds as stoichiometric coupling reagents for direct amidation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6746-6760. [PMID: 34291268 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most frequently carried out chemical reactions in industry, there is currently no amidation protocol that is regarded as safe, high yielding, environmentally friendly and inexpensive. The direct amidation of a carboxylic acid with an amine is viewed as an inherently good solution for developing such a protocol. Since the 1960s, there has been a gradual development in the use of silicon reagents for direct amidation. This review covers the methods published to April 2021 for silicon reagent mediated direct amidation of a carboxylic acid with an amine. This review also covers the use of polymeric SiO2 to promote direct amidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - D Christopher Braddock
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Paul D Lickiss
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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24
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Stoll EL, Tongue T, Andrews KG, Valette D, Hirst DJ, Denton RM. A practical catalytic reductive amination of carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9494-9500. [PMID: 34123174 PMCID: PMC8161228 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report reductive alkylation reactions of amines using carboxylic acids as nominal electrophiles. The two-step reaction exploits the dual reactivity of phenylsilane and involves a silane-mediated amidation followed by a Zn(OAc)2-catalyzed amide reduction. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of amines and carboxylic acids and has been demonstrated on a large scale (305 mmol of amine). The rate differential between the reduction of tertiary and secondary amide intermediates is exemplified in a convergent synthesis of the antiretroviral medicine maraviroc. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that a residual 0.5 equivalents of carboxylic acid from the amidation step is responsible for the generation of silane reductants with augmented reactivity, which allow secondary amides, previously unreactive in zinc/phenylsilane systems, to be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Stoll
- School of Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham 6 Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2GA UK
| | - Thomas Tongue
- School of Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham 6 Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2GA UK
| | - Keith G Andrews
- School of Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham 6 Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2GA UK
| | | | - David J Hirst
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Ross M Denton
- School of Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham 6 Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2GA UK
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25
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Muramatsu W, Manthena C, Nakashima E, Yamamoto H. Peptide Bond-Forming Reaction via Amino Acid Silyl Esters: New Catalytic Reactivity of an Aminosilane. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Muramatsu
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Chaitanya Manthena
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Erika Nakashima
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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26
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Song L, Claessen S, Van der Eycken EV. Pyridine-Enabled C-N Bond Activation for the Rapid Construction of Amides and 4-Pyridylglyoxamides by Cooperative Palladium/Copper Catalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8045-8054. [PMID: 32441517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A pyridine-enabled C-N bond activation of peptidomimetics employing cooperative palladium/copper catalysis in water is developed. Diverse amides and 4-pyridylglyoxamides are simultaneously synthesized through two steps from commercially available materials in a rapid, environmentally friendly, and high atom-economical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Song
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Claessen
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya street 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
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27
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Massolo E, Pirola M, Benaglia M. Amide Bond Formation Strategies: Latest Advances on a Dateless Transformation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Massolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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28
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Zarecki AP, Kolanowski JL, Markiewicz WT. Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Method for a Green Synthesis of Amides Directly from Amines and Carboxylic Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081761. [PMID: 32290373 PMCID: PMC7221698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amide bonds are among the most interesting and abundant molecules of life and products of the chemical pharmaceutical industry. In this work, we describe a method of the direct synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and amines under solvent-free conditions using minute quantities of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a catalyst. The reactions are carried out in an open microwave reactor and allow the corresponding amides to be obtained in a fast and effective manner when compared to other procedures of the direct synthesis of amides from acids and amines reported so far in the literature. The amide product isolation procedure is simple, environmentally friendly, and is performed with no need for chromatographic purification of secondary amides due to high yields. In this report, primary amines were used in most examples. However, the developed procedure seems to be applicable for secondary amines as well. The methodology produces a limited amount of wastes, and a catalyst can be easily separated. This highly efficient, robust, rapid, solvent-free, and additional reagent-free method provides a major advancement in the development of an ideal green protocol for amide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek L. Kolanowski
- Correspondence: (J.L.K.); (W.T.M.); Tel.: +48-61-852-85-03 (ext. 165) (J.L.K.); +48-61-852-85-03 (ext. 180) (W.T.M.)
| | - Wojciech T. Markiewicz
- Correspondence: (J.L.K.); (W.T.M.); Tel.: +48-61-852-85-03 (ext. 165) (J.L.K.); +48-61-852-85-03 (ext. 180) (W.T.M.)
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29
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Shah SS, Shee M, Venkatesh Y, Singh AK, Samanta S, Singh NDP. Organophotoredox‐Mediated Amide Synthesis by Coupling Alcohol and Amine through Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohol. Chemistry 2020; 26:3703-3708. [PMID: 31923326 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sk. Sheriff Shah
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Maniklal Shee
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Yarra Venkatesh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Samya Samanta
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - N. D. Pradeep Singh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
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30
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Massolo E, Pirola M, Puglisi A, Rossi S, Benaglia M. A one pot protocol to convert nitro-arenes into N-aryl amides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4040-4044. [PMID: 35492662 PMCID: PMC9048774 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-step one pot, experimentally simple protocol, based on readily available and inexpensive reagents allowed the conversion of nitro-arenes directly to N-aryl amides. A metal-free reduction of the nitro group, mediated by trichlorosilane, followed by the addition of an anhydride afforded the corresponding N-aryl carboxyamide, that was isolated after a simple aqueous work up in good-excellent yields. When the methodology was applied to the reaction with γ-butyrolactone, the desired N-aryl butanamide derivative was obtained, featuring a chlorine atom at the γ-position, a functionalized handle that can be used for further synthetic manipulation of the reaction product. Such an intermediate has already been employed as a key advanced precursor of pharmaceutically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Massolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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31
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Morisset E, Chardon A, Rouden J, Blanchet J. Phenysilane and Silicon Tetraacetate: Versatile Promotors for Amide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Morisset
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique; Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 14000 Caen France
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique; Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 14000 Caen France
| | - Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique; Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 14000 Caen France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique; Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; 14000 Caen France
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32
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Yu K, Yang X, Li Y, Cui X, Liu B, Yao Q. Synthesis of cucurbitacin IIa derivatives with apoptosis-inducing capabilities in human cancer cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3872-3881. [PMID: 35492669 PMCID: PMC9048769 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one cucurbitacin IIa derivatives were synthesized and screened for cytotoxic activity. Their structures were established using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of the derivatives was determined by single crystal diffraction. In sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, nearly all compounds displayed low cytotoxicity toward normal human cells (HEK293). However, some derivatives displayed high cytotoxicity, in the low μM range, toward several human tumor cell lines (SKOV3, HT29, HEPG2, MCF-7, and LOVO). Low IC50 values were obtained, especially for acetyl-protected product 2, 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine derivative 4a, and 2-hydrazinopyridine derivative 4d. In particular, compounds 2 and 4d showed low IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.01 and 2.2 ± 0.19 μM against SKOV3 cells. These compounds were submitted to extensive biological testing, which showed that compounds 2 and 4a did not inhibit tumor cells by influencing the cell cycle. Furthermore, compound 4a triggered the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells, showing high apoptosis ratios. This study mainly changed the structure of cucurbitacin tetracyclic triterpenoids and provided a novel tetracyclic skeleton derived from natural products that provided further references for the future modification of cucurbitacin tetracyclic triterpenoids. Twenty-one cucurbitacin IIa derivatives were synthesized and screened for cytotoxic activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
| | - Xinmei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250062
- P. R.China
| | - Xue Cui
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250062
- P. R.China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250062
- P. R.China
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33
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Abstract
Double C–N bond cleavage of amides and tertiary amines afforded the transamidated products in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aliyu Idris
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
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34
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Lakshmi SR, Singh V, Chowhan LR. Highly efficient catalyst-free domino conjugate addition, decarboxylation and esterification/amidation of coumarin carboxylic acid/esters with pyrazolones: a green chemistry approach. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13866-13871. [PMID: 35492966 PMCID: PMC9051535 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01906b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tandem conjugate addition, decarboxylation and esterification/amidation of coumarin 3-carboxylic acid derivatives with pyrazolones have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Raj Lakshmi
- Centre for Applied Chemistry
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Centre for Applied Chemistry
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - L. Raju Chowhan
- Centre for Applied Chemistry
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar
- India
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35
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Coomber CE, Laserna V, Martin LT, Smith PD, Hailes HC, Porter MJ, Sheppard TD. Catalytic direct amidations in tert-butyl acetate using B(OCH 2CF 3) 3. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6465-6469. [PMID: 31225568 PMCID: PMC6724682 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
B(OCH2CF3)3-catalysed direct amidations of challenging substrates (polar heteroycles, poorly nucleophilic anilines) work well in tBuOAc under Dean–Stark conditions.
Catalytic direct amidation reactions have been the focus of considerable recent research effort, due to the widespread use of amide formation processes in pharmaceutical synthesis. However, the vast majority of catalytic amidations are performed in non-polar solvents (aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers) which are typically undesirable from a sustainability perspective, and are often poor at solubilising polar carboxylic acid and amine substrates. As a consequence, most catalytic amidation protocols are unsuccessful when applied to polar and/or functionalised substrates of the kind commonly used in medicinal chemistry. In this paper we report a practical and useful catalytic direct amidation reaction using tert-butyl acetate as the reaction solvent. The use of an ester solvent offers improvements in terms of safety and sustainability, but also leads to an improved reaction scope with regard to polar substrates and less nucleophilic anilines, both of which are important components of amides used in medicinal chemistry. An amidation reaction was scaled up to 100 mmol and proceeded with excellent yield and efficiency, with a measured process mass intensity of 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Coomber
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Victor Laserna
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Liam T Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Peter D Smith
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Michael J Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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36
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Yin G, Yan B, Chen J, Ji M. An efficient transformation of methyl ethers and nitriles to amides catalyzed by Iron(III) perchlorate hydrate. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Ding SL, Ji Y, Su Y, Li R, Gu P. Schmidt Reaction of ω-Azido Valeryl Chlorides Followed by Intermolecular Trapping of the Rearrangement Ions: Synthesis of Assoanine and Related Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2012-2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lei Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Peiming Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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38
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39
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Karthik S, Muthuvel K, Gandhi T. Base-Promoted Amidation and Esterification of Imidazolium Salts via Acyl C–C bond Cleavage: Access to Aromatic Amides and Esters. J Org Chem 2018; 84:738-751. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Karthik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Karthick Muthuvel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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40
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Mampuys P, Ruijter E, Orru RVA, Maes BUW. Synthesis of Secondary Amides from Thiocarbamates. Org Lett 2018; 20:4235-4239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Mampuys
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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41
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42
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Xu X, Feng H, Huang L, Liu X. Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids through an Active α-Acyl Enol Ester Intermediate. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7962-7969. [PMID: 29873491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of a highly efficient and simple protocol for the direct amidation of carboxylic acids is described employing ynoates as novel coupling reagents. The transformation proceeds in good to excellent yields via in situ α-acyl enol ester intermediates formation under mild reaction conditions. This useful method has been demonstrated for a range of substrates to provide a succinct access to structurally diverse amides, including key intermediates of glibenclamide, tiapride hydrochloride, and nateglinide, and can be conducted on a mole scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , 333 Longteng Road , Shanghai , 201620 , China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , 333 Longteng Road , Shanghai , 201620 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China
| | - Liliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , 333 Longteng Road , Shanghai , 201620 , China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , 333 Longteng Road , Shanghai , 201620 , China
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