1
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Li H, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic characterisation of the diterpene synthase for clitopilene and identification of isopentalenene synthase from the fungus Clitopilus passeckerianus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38904208 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Two terpene synthases from the pleuromutilin producing fungus Clitopilus passeckerianus were functionally characterised. The first enzyme CpTS1 produces the new diterpene clitopilene with a novel 6-6-5-5 tetracyclic skeleton, while the second enzyme CpTS2 makes the new sesquiterpene isopentalenene. The CpTS1 reaction mechanism was studied in depth using experimental and theoretical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Luo P, Huang JH, Lv JM, Wang GQ, Hu D, Gao H. Biosynthesis of fungal terpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:748-783. [PMID: 38265076 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to August 2023Terpenoids, which are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms, are a large group of natural products with diverse structures and various biological activities. They have made great contributions to human health as therapeutic agents, such as the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel and anti-malarial agent artemisinin. Accordingly, the biosynthesis of this important class of natural products has been extensively studied, which generally involves two major steps: hydrocarbon skeleton construction by terpenoid cyclases and skeleton modification by tailoring enzymes. Additionally, fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) serve as an important source for the discovery of terpenoids. With the rapid development of sequencing technology and bioinformatics approaches, genome mining has emerged as one of the most effective strategies to discover novel terpenoids from fungi. To date, numerous terpenoid cyclases, including typical class I and class II terpenoid cyclases as well as emerging UbiA-type terpenoid cyclases, have been identified, together with a variety of tailoring enzymes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, flavin-dependent monooxygenases, and acyltransferases. In this review, our aim is to comprehensively present all fungal terpenoid cyclases identified up to August 2023, with a focus on newly discovered terpenoid cyclases, especially the emerging UbiA-type terpenoid cyclases, and their related tailoring enzymes from 2015 to August 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jia-Hua Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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3
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Abstract
Covering: up to July 2023Terpene cyclases (TCs) catalyze some of the most complicated reactions in nature and are responsible for creating the skeletons of more than 95 000 terpenoid natural products. The canonical TCs are divided into two classes according to their structures, functions, and mechanisms. The class II TCs mediate acid-base-initiated cyclization reactions of isoprenoid diphosphates, terpenes without diphosphates (e.g., squalene or oxidosqualene), and prenyl moieties on meroterpenes. The past twenty years witnessed the emergence of many class II TCs, their reactions and their roles in biosynthesis. Class II TCs often act as one of the first steps in the biosynthesis of biologically active natural products including the gibberellin family of phytohormones and fungal meroterpenoids. Due to their mechanisms and biocatalytic potential, TCs elicit fervent attention in the biosynthetic and organic communities and provide great enthusiasm for enzyme engineering to construct novel and bioactive molecules. To engineer and expand the structural diversities of terpenoids, it is imperative to fully understand how these enzymes generate, precisely control, and quench the reactive carbocation intermediates. In this review, we summarize class II TCs from nature, including sesquiterpene, diterpene, triterpene, and meroterpenoid cyclases as well as noncanonical class II TCs and inspect their sequences, structures, mechanisms, and structure-guided engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, USA.
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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4
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Wang Z, Nelson DR, Zhang J, Wan X, Peters RJ. Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:452-469. [PMID: 36472136 PMCID: PMC9945934 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2014-2022.Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure-function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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5
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Lee JB, Ohmura T, Yamamura Y. Functional Characterization of Three Diterpene Synthases Responsible for Tetracyclic Diterpene Biosynthesis in Scoparia dulcis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:69. [PMID: 36616198 PMCID: PMC9824296 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scoparia dulcis produces unique biologically active diterpenoids such as scopadulcic acid B (SDB). They are biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) via syn-copalyl diphosphate (syn-CPP) and scopadulanol as an important key intermediate. In this paper, we functionally characterized three diterpene synthases, SdCPS2, SdKSL1 and SdKSL2, from S. dulcis. The SdCPS2 catalyzed a cyclization reaction from GGPP to syn-CPP, and SdKSL1 did from syn-CPP to scopadulan-13α-ol. On the other hand, SdKSL2 was found to incorporate a non-sense mutation at 682. Therefore, we mutated the nucleotide residue from A to G in SdKSL2 to produce SdKSL2mut, and it was able to recover the catalytic function from syn-CPP to syn-aphidicol-16-ene, the precursor to scopadulin. From our results, SdCPS2 and SdKSL1 might be important key players for SDB biosynthesis in S. dulcis.
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6
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Pan X, Du W, Zhang X, Lin X, Li FR, Yang Q, Wang H, Rudolf JD, Zhang B, Dong LB. Discovery, Structure, and Mechanism of a Class II Sesquiterpene Cyclase. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22067-22074. [PMID: 36416740 PMCID: PMC10064485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Terpene cyclases (TCs), extraordinary enzymes that create the structural diversity seen in terpene natural products, are traditionally divided into two classes, class I and class II. Although the structural and mechanistic features of class I TCs are well-known, the corresponding details in class II counterparts have not been fully characterized. Here, we report the genome mining discovery and structural characterization of two class II sesquiterpene cyclases (STCs) from Streptomyces. These drimenyl diphosphate synthases (DMSs) are the first STCs shown to possess β,γ-didomain architecture. High-resolution X-ray crystal structures of DMS from Streptomyces showdoensis (SsDMS) in complex with both a farnesyl diphosphate and Mg2+ unveiled an induced-fit mechanism, with an unprecedented Mg2+ binding mode, finally solving one of the lingering questions in class II TC enzymology. This study supports continued genome mining for novel bacterial TCs and provides new mechanistic insights into canonical class II TCs that will lead to advances in TC engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Miller DC, Lal RG, Marchetti LA, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic One-Carbon Ring Expansion of Aziridines to Azetidines via a Highly Enantioselective [1,2]-Stevens Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4739-4745. [PMID: 35258294 PMCID: PMC9022672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report enantioselective one-carbon ring expansion of aziridines to make azetidines as a new-to-nature activity of engineered "carbene transferase" enzymes. A laboratory-evolved variant of cytochrome P450BM3, P411-AzetS, not only exerts unparalleled stereocontrol (99:1 er) over a [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement but also overrides the inherent reactivity of aziridinium ylides, cheletropic extrusion of olefins, to perform a [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement. By controlling the fate of the highly reactive aziridinium ylide intermediates, these evolvable biocatalysts promote a transformation which cannot currently be performed using other catalyst classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ravi G. Lal
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Luca A. Marchetti
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Present Address: Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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8
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Biosynthesis and regulation of terpenoids from basidiomycetes: exploration of new research. AMB Express 2021; 11:150. [PMID: 34779947 PMCID: PMC8594250 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiomycetes, also known as club fungi, consist of a specific group of fungi. Basidiomycetes produce a large number of secondary metabolites, of which sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids are the primary components. However, these terpenoids tend to be present in low amounts, which makes it difficult to meet application requirements. Terpenoid biosynthesis improves the quantity of these secondary metabolites. However, current understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of terpenoids in basidiomycetes is insufficient. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in basidiomycetes and summarizes the CYP450 involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids in basidiomycetes. We also propose opportunities and challenges for chassis microbial heterologous production of terpenoids in basidiomycetes and provide a reference basis for the better development of basidiomycete engineering.
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9
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Jiang L, Zhu G, Han J, Hou C, Zhang X, Wang Z, Yuan W, Lv K, Cong Z, Wang X, Chen X, Karthik L, Yang H, Wang X, Tan G, Liu G, Zhao L, Xia X, Liu X, Gao S, Ma L, Liu M, Ren B, Dai H, Quinn RJ, Hsiang T, Zhang J, Zhang L, Liu X. Genome-guided investigation of anti-inflammatory sesterterpenoids with 5-15 trans-fused ring system from phytopathogenic fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5407-5417. [PMID: 34155529 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungal terpenoids catalyzed by bifunctional terpene synthases (BFTSs) possess interesting bioactive and chemical properties. In this study, an integrated approach of genome mining, heterologous expression, and in vitro enzymatic activity assay was used, and these identified a unique BFTS sub-clade critical to the formation of a 5-15 trans-fused bicyclic sesterterpene preterpestacin I (1). The 5-15 bicyclic BFTS gene clusters were highly conserved but showed relatively wide phylogenetic distribution across several species of the diverged fungal classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes. Further genomic organization analysis of these homologous biosynthetic gene clusters from this clade revealed a glycosyltransferase from the graminaceous pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate BS11134, which was absent in other 5-15 bicyclic BFTS gene clusters. Targeted isolation guided by BFTS gene deletion led to the identification of two new sesterterpenoids (4, and 6) from BS11134. Compounds 2 and 4 showed moderate effects on LPS-induced nitrous oxide production in the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 with in vitro inhibition rates of 36.6 ± 2.4% and 24.9 ± 2.1% at 10 μM, respectively. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of these identified compounds was proposed as well. This work revealed that phytopathogenic fungi can serve as important sources of active terpenoids via systematic analysis of the genomic organization of BFTS biosynthetic gene clusters, their phylogenetic distribution in fungi, and cyclization properties of their metabolic products. KEY POINTS: • Genome mining of the first BFTS BGC harboring a glycosyltransferase. • Gene-deletion guided isolation revealed three novel 5-15 bicyclic sesterterpenoids. • Biosynthetic pathway of isolated sesterterpenoids was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianying Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Chengjian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weize Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kangjie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhanren Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Loganathan Karthik
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huanting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gaoyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liya Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Shushan Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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10
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Lemke C, Whitham O, Peters RJ. Magnesium-specific ring expansion/contraction catalysed by the class II diterpene cyclase from pleuromutilin biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5586-5588. [PMID: 32672326 PMCID: PMC7430159 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The class II diterpene cyclase (DTC) from pleuromutilin biosynthesis uniquely mediates 'A' ring contraction of the initially formed decalin bicycle, yielding mutildienyl diphosphate (MPP). Catalysis requires a divalent metal cation co-factor. Intriguingly, selectively with magnesium, this DTC catalyzes ring expansion/contraction between MPP and halimadienyl diphosphate, providing some catalytic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Lemke
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Owen Whitham
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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11
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Jia M, Mishra SK, Tufts S, Jernigan RL, Peters RJ. Combinatorial biosynthesis and the basis for substrate promiscuity in class I diterpene synthases. Metab Eng 2019; 55:44-58. [PMID: 31220664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases are capable of mediating complex reactions, but fundamentally simply catalyze lysis of allylic diphosphate esters with subsequent deprotonation. Even with the initially generated tertiary carbocation this offers a variety of product outcomes, and deprotonation further can be preceded by the addition of water. This is particularly evident with labdane-related diterpenes (LRDs) where such lysis follows bicyclization catalyzed by class II diterpene cyclases (DTCs) that generates preceding structural variation. Previous investigation revealed that two diterpene synthases (DTSs), one bacterial and the other plant-derived, exhibit extreme substrate promiscuity, but yet still typically produce exo-ene or tertiary alcohol LRD derivatives, respectively (i.e., demonstrating high catalytic specificity), enabling rational combinatorial biosynthesis. Here two DTSs that produce either cis or trans endo-ene LRD derivatives, also plant and bacterial (respectively), were examined for their potential analogous utility. Only the bacterial trans-endo-ene forming DTS was found to exhibit significant substrate promiscuity (with moderate catalytic specificity). This further led to investigation of the basis for substrate promiscuity, which was found to be more closely correlated with phylogenetic origin than reaction complexity. Specifically, bacterial DTSs exhibited significantly more substrate promiscuity than those from plants, presumably reflecting their distinct evolutionary context. In particular, plants typically have heavily elaborated LRD metabolism, in contrast to the rarity of such natural products in bacteria, and the lack of potential substrates presumably alleviates selective pressure against such promiscuity. Regardless of such speculation, this work provides novel biosynthetic access to almost 19 LRDs, demonstrating the power of the combinatorial approach taken here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Jia
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Sambit K Mishra
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Samuel Tufts
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Robert L Jernigan
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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12
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Lin HC, Hewage RT, Lu YC, Chooi YH. Biosynthesis of bioactive natural products from Basidiomycota. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1027-1036. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The club fungi, Basidioycota, produce a wide range of bioactive compounds. Here, we describe recent studies on the biosynthetic pathways and enzymes of bioactive natural products from these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Republic of China
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
| | - Ranuka T. Hewage
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program
- Taiwan International Graduate Program
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Chun Lu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Republic of China
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
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13
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Rinkel J, Lauterbach L, Dickschat JS. Eine verzweigte Diterpenkaskade: der Mechanismus der Spinodien-Synthase aus Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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14
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Rinkel J, Lauterbach L, Dickschat JS. A Branched Diterpene Cascade: The Mechanism of Spinodiene Synthase from Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:452-455. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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15
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Schulte S, Potter KC, Lemke C, Peters RJ. Catalytic Bases and Stereocontrol in Lamiaceae Class II Diterpene Cyclases. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3473-3479. [PMID: 29787239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plants from the widespread Lamiaceae family produce many labdane-related diterpenoids, a number of which serve medicinal roles, and whose biosynthesis is initiated by class II diterpene cyclases (DTCs). These enzymes utilize a general acid-base catalyzed cyclo-isomerization reaction to produce various stereoisomers of the eponymous labdaenyl carbocation intermediate, which can then undergo rearrangement and/or the addition of water prior to terminating deprotonation. Identification of the pair of residues that cooperatively serve as the catalytic base in the DTCs that produce ent-copalyl diphosphate (CPP) required for gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis in all vascular plants has led to insight into the addition of water as well as rearrangement. Lamiaceae plants generally contain an additional DTC that produces the enantiomeric normal CPP, as well as others that yield hydroxylated products derived from the addition of water. Here the catalytic base in these DTCs was investigated. Notably, changing two adjacent residues that seem to serve as the catalytic base in the normal CPP synthase from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SmCPS) to the residues found in the closely related perigrinol diphosphate synthase from Marrubium vulgare (MvPPS), which produces a partially rearranged and hydroxylated product derived from the distinct syn stereoisomer of labdaenyl+, altered the product outcome in an unexpected fashion. Specifically, the relevant SmCPS:H315N/T316V double mutant produces terpentedienyl diphosphate, which is derived from complete substituent rearrangement of syn rather than normal labdaenyl+. Accordingly, alteration of the residues that normally serve as the catalytic base surprisingly can impact stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Schulte
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Kevin C Potter
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Cody Lemke
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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16
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Jia M, O’Brien TE, Zhang Y, Siegel JB, Tantillo DJ, Peters RJ. Changing Face: A Key Residue for the Addition of Water by Sclareol Synthase. ACS Catal 2018; 8:3133-3137. [PMID: 29713562 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sclareol synthase from Salvia sclarea (SsSS) naturally acts on 8α-hydroxy-copalyl diphosphate (1), stereoselectively adding water to produce (13R)-sclareol (2a), and similarly yields hydroxylated products with manifold other such bicyclic diterpene precursors. Here a key residue for this addition of water was identified. Strikingly, substitution with glutamine switches stereochemical outcome with 1, leading to selective production of (13S)-sclareol (2b). Moreover, changes to the stereospecificity of water addition with the structurally closely-related substrate copalyl diphosphate (4) could be accomplished with alternative substitutions. Thus, this approach is expected to provide biosynthetic access to both epimers of 13-hydroxylated derivatives of manifold labdane-related diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Jia
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Terrence E. O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Justin B. Siegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Genome Center, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Reuben J. Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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17
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Roncero AM, Tobal IE, Moro RF, Díez D, Marcos IS. Halimane diterpenoids: sources, structures, nomenclature and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:955-991. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenes with a halimane skeleton constitute a small group of natural products that can be biogenetically considered as being between labdane and clerodane diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. Roncero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Ignacio E. Tobal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Rosalina F. Moro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
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