1
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Lin J, Xiao Y, Liu H, Gao D, Duan Y, Zhu X. Combined transcriptomic and pangenomic analyses guide metabolic amelioration to enhance tiancimycins production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:18. [PMID: 38170317 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Exploration of high-yield mechanism is important for further titer improvement of valuable antibiotics, but how to achieve this goal is challenging. Tiancimycins (TNMs) are anthraquinone-fused enediynes with promising drug development potentials, but their prospective applications are limited by low titers. This work aimed to explore the intrinsic high-yield mechanism in previously obtained TNMs high-producing strain Streptomyces sp. CB03234-S for the further titer amelioration of TNMs. First, the typical ribosomal RpsL(K43N) mutation in CB03234-S was validated to be merely responsible for the streptomycin resistance but not the titer improvement of TNMs. Subsequently, the combined transcriptomic, pan-genomic and KEGG analyses revealed that the significant changes in the carbon and amino acid metabolisms could reinforce the metabolic fluxes of key CoA precursors, and thus prompted the overproduction of TNMs in CB03234-S. Moreover, fatty acid metabolism was considered to exert adverse effects on the biosynthesis of TNMs by shunting and reducing the accumulation of CoA precursors. Therefore, different combinations of relevant genes were respectively overexpressed in CB03234-S to strengthen fatty acid degradation. The resulting mutants all showed the enhanced production of TNMs. Among them, the overexpression of fadD, a key gene responsible for the first step of fatty acid degradation, achieved the highest 21.7 ± 1.1 mg/L TNMs with a 63.2% titer improvement. Our studies suggested that comprehensive bioinformatic analyses are effective to explore metabolic changes and guide rational metabolic reconstitution for further titer improvement of target products. KEY POINTS: • Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses effectively reveal primary metabolic changes. • Primary metabolic changes cause precursor enrichment to enhance TNMs production. • Strengthening of fatty acid degradation further improves the titer of TNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Yuelu District, Tongzipo Road, #172, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Yuelu District, Tongzipo Road, #172, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Yuelu District, Tongzipo Road, #172, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Die Gao
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Yuelu District, Tongzipo Road, #172, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Yuelu District, Tongzipo Road, #172, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Yuelu District, Tongzipo Road, #172, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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2
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Gui C, Kalkreuter E, Lauterbach L, Yang D, Shen B. Enediyne natural product biosynthesis unified by a diiodotetrayne intermediate. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:1210-1219. [PMID: 38831037 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Enediyne natural products are renowned for their potent cytotoxicities but the biosynthesis of their defining 1,5-diyne-3-ene core moiety remains largely enigmatic. Since the discovery of the enediyne polyketide synthase cassette in 2002, genome sequencing has revealed thousands of distinct enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters, each harboring the conserved enediyne polyketide synthase cassette. Here we report that (1) the products of this cassette are an iodoheptaene, a diiodotetrayne and two pentaynes; (2) the diiodotetrayne represents a common biosynthetic intermediate for all known enediynes; and (3) cryptic iodination can be exploited to increase enediyne titers. These findings establish a unified biosynthetic pathway for the enediynes, set the stage to further advance enediyne core biosynthesis and enable fundamental breakthroughs in chemistry, enzymology and translational applications of enediyne natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gui
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Edward Kalkreuter
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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3
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Astle S, Guggiari S, Frost JR, Hepburn HB, Klauber DJ, Christensen KE, Burton JW. Enantioselective Synthesis of Sealutomicin C. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17757-17764. [PMID: 38885121 PMCID: PMC11228992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The sealutomicins are a family of anthraquinone antibiotics featuring an enediyne (sealutomicin A) or Bergman-cyclized aromatic ring (sealutomicins B-D). Herein we report the development of an enantioselective organocatalytic method for the synthesis of dihydroquinolines and the use of the developed method in the total synthesis of sealutomicin C which features a transannular cyclization of an aryllithium onto a γ-lactone as a second key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart
M. Astle
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Sean Guggiari
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - James R. Frost
- UCB
Pharma, 216 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, U.K.
| | - Hamish B. Hepburn
- Vertex
Pharmaceuticals, 86-88
Jubilee Avenue Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RW, U.K.
| | - David J. Klauber
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jonathan W. Burton
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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4
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Khadem S, Marles RJ. The occurrence and bioactivity of tetrahydronaphthoquinoline-diones (THNQ-dione). Nat Prod Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38885316 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2367235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have been important in the discovery of new drugs, but their use is limited due to issues with accessibility and synthesis. Tetrahydronaphthoquinoline-dione (THNQ-dione) is a key structural feature found in several natural and synthetic compounds that exhibit notable biological properties. The unique properties of THNQ-diones can be attributed to the fusion of tetrahydroquinoline and anthraquinone moieties. These alkaloids are synthesised through various biosynthetic pathways, leading to diverse structures and bioactivities. Despite their significance, THNQ-diones have not been extensively covered in the review literature, highlighting the importance of this article in discussing their natural occurrence and biological activities. This article explores the distribution of THNQ-dione alkaloids in different organisms and their potential as a source of novel bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Khadem
- Safe Environments Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robin J Marles
- Retired Senior Scientific Advisor from Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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5
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Zhuang Z, Kong W, Wen Z, Tong N, Lin J, Zhang F, Fan Z, Yi L, Huang Y, Duan Y, Yan X, Zhu X. Combinatorial metabolic engineering of Streptomyces sp. CB03234-S for the enhanced production of anthraquinone-fused enediyne tiancimycins. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:128. [PMID: 38704580 PMCID: PMC11069151 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) are excellent payloads for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The yields of AFEs in the original bacterial hosts are extremely low. Multiple traditional methods had been adopted to enhance the production of the AFEs. Despite these efforts, the production titers of these compounds are still low, presenting a practical challenge for their development. Tiancimycins (TNMs) are a class of AFEs produced by Streptomyces sp. CB03234. One of their salient features is that they exhibit rapid and complete cell killing ability against various cancer cell lines. RESULTS In this study, a combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy guided by the CB03234-S genome and transcriptome was employed to improve the titers of TNMs. First, re-sequencing of CB03234-S (Ribosome engineered mutant strains) genome revealed the deletion of a 583-kb DNA fragment, accounting for about 7.5% of its genome. Second, by individual or combined inactivation of seven potential precursor competitive biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in CB03234-S, a double-BGC inactivation mutant, S1009, was identified with an improved TNMs titer of 28.2 ± 0.8 mg/L. Third, overexpression of five essential biosynthetic genes, including two post-modification genes, and three self-resistance auxiliary genes, was also conducted, through which we discovered that mutants carrying the core genes, tnmE or tnmE10, exhibited enhanced TNMs production. The average TNMs yield reached 43.5 ± 2.4 mg/L in a 30-L fermenter, representing an approximately 360% increase over CB03234-S and the highest titer among all AFEs to date. Moreover, the resulting mutant produced TNM-W, a unique TNM derivative with a double bond instead of a common ethylene oxide moiety. Preliminary studies suggested that TNM-W was probably converted from TNM-A by both TnmE and TnmE10. CONCLUSIONS Based on the genome and transcriptome analyses, we adopted a combined metabolic engineering strategy for precursor enrichment and biosynthetic pathway reorganization to construct a high-yield strain of TNMs based on CB03234-S. Our study establishes a solid basis for the clinical development of AFE-based ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoukang Zhuang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wenping Kong
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Nian Tong
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiying Fan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Liwei Yi
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, China.
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6
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Jalali E, Wang F, Overbay BR, Miller MD, Shaaban KA, Ponomareva LV, Ye Q, Saghaeiannejad-Esfahani H, Bhardwaj M, Steele AD, Teijaro CN, Shen B, Van Lanen SG, She QB, Voss SR, Phillips GN, Thorson JS. Biochemical and Structural Studies of the Carminomycin 4- O-Methyltransferase DnrK. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:798-809. [PMID: 38412432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Structural and functional studies of the carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase DnrK are described, with an emphasis on interrogating the acceptor substrate scope of DnrK. Specifically, the evaluation of 100 structurally and functionally diverse natural products and natural product mimetics revealed an array of pharmacophores as productive DnrK substrates. Representative newly identified DnrK substrates from this study included anthracyclines, angucyclines, anthraquinone-fused enediynes, flavonoids, pyranonaphthoquinones, and polyketides. The ligand-bound structure of DnrK bound to a non-native fluorescent hydroxycoumarin acceptor, 4-methylumbelliferone, along with corresponding DnrK kinetic parameters for 4-methylumbelliferone and native acceptor carminomycin are also reported for the first time. The demonstrated unique permissivity of DnrK highlights the potential for DnrK as a new tool in future biocatalytic and/or strain engineering applications. In addition, the comparative bioactivity assessment (cancer cell line cytotoxicity, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, and axolotl embryo tail regeneration) of a select set of DnrK substrates/products highlights the ability of anthracycline 4-O-methylation to dictate diverse functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | - Mitchell D Miller
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | | | - Qing Ye
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing-Bai She
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - S Randal Voss
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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7
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Gui C, Kalkreuter E, Liu YC, Li G, Steele AD, Yang D, Chang C, Shen B. Cofactorless oxygenases guide anthraquinone-fused enediyne biosynthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:243-250. [PMID: 37945897 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) combine an anthraquinone moiety and a ten-membered enediyne core capable of generating a cytotoxic diradical species. AFE cyclization is triggered by opening the F-ring epoxide, which is also the site of the most structural diversity. Previous studies of tiancimycin A, a heavily modified AFE, have revealed a cryptic aldehyde blocking installation of the epoxide, and no unassigned oxidases could be predicted within the tnm biosynthetic gene cluster. Here we identify two consecutively acting cofactorless oxygenases derived from methyltransferase and α/β-hydrolase protein folds, TnmJ and TnmK2, respectively, that are responsible for F-ring tailoring in tiancimycin biosynthesis by comparative genomics. Further biochemical and structural characterizations reveal that the electron-rich AFE anthraquinone moiety assists in catalyzing deformylation, epoxidation and oxidative ring cleavage without exogenous cofactors. These enzymes therefore fill important knowledge gaps for the biosynthesis of this class of molecules and the underappreciated family of cofactorless oxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gui
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Edward Kalkreuter
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Gengnan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Andrew D Steele
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Changsoo Chang
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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8
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Pal P, Wessely SML, Townsend CA. Normal and Aberrant Methyltransferase Activities Give Insights into the Final Steps of Dynemicin A Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:12935-12947. [PMID: 37276497 PMCID: PMC10985829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring enediynes are notable for their complex structures, potent DNA cleaving ability, and emerging usefulness in cancer chemotherapy. They can be classified into three distinct structural families, but all are thought to originate from a common linear C15-heptaene. Dynemicin A (DYN) is the paradigm member of anthraquinone-fused enediynes, one of the three main classes and exceptional among them for derivation of both its enediyne and anthraquinone portions from this same early biosynthetic building block. Evidence is growing about how two structurally dissimilar, but biosynthetically related, intermediates combine in two heterodimerization reactions to create a nitrogen-containing C30-coupled product. We report here deletions of two genes that encode biosynthetic proteins that are annotated as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases. While one, DynO6, is indeed the required O-methyltransferase implicated long ago in the first studies of DYN biosynthesis, the other, DynA5, functions in an unanticipated manner in the post-heterodimerization events that complete the biosynthesis of DYN. Despite its removal from the genome of Micromonospora chersina, the ΔdynA5 strain retains the ability to synthesize DYN, albeit in reduced titers, accompanied by two unusual co-metabolites. We link the appearance of these unexpected structures to a substantial and contradictory body of other recent experimental data to advance a biogenetic rationale for the downstream steps that lead to the final formation of DYN. A sequence of product-forming transformations that is in line with new and existing experimental results is proposed and supported by a model reaction that also encompasses the formation of the crucial epoxide essential for the activation of DYN for DNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Serena M L Wessely
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Craig A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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9
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Bhardwaj M, Cui Z, Daniel Hankore E, Moonschi FH, Saghaeiannejad Esfahani H, Kalkreuter E, Gui C, Yang D, Phillips GN, Thorson JS, Shen B, Van Lanen SG. A discrete intermediate for the biosynthesis of both the enediyne core and the anthraquinone moiety of enediyne natural products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220468120. [PMID: 36802426 PMCID: PMC9992847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220468120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The enediynes are structurally characterized by a 1,5-diyne-3-ene motif within a 9- or 10-membered enediyne core. The anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) are a subclass of 10-membered enediynes that contain an anthraquinone moiety fused to the enediyne core as exemplified by dynemicins and tiancimycins. A conserved iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKSE) is known to initiate the biosynthesis of all enediyne cores, and evidence has recently been reported to suggest that the anthraquinone moiety also originates from the PKSE product. However, the identity of the PKSE product that is converted to the enediyne core or anthraquinone moiety has not been established. Here, we report the utilization of recombinant E. coli coexpressing various combinations of genes that encode a PKSE and a thioesterase (TE) from either 9- or 10-membered enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters to chemically complement ΔPKSE mutant strains of the producers of dynemicins and tiancimycins. Additionally, 13C-labeling experiments were performed to track the fate of the PKSE/TE product in the ΔPKSE mutants. These studies reveal that 1,3,5,7,9,11,13-pentadecaheptaene is the nascent, discrete product of the PKSE/TE that is converted to the enediyne core. Furthermore, a second molecule of 1,3,5,7,9,11,13-pentadecaheptaene is demonstrated to serve as the precursor of the anthraquinone moiety. The results establish a unified biosynthetic paradigm for AFEs, solidify an unprecedented biosynthetic logic for aromatic polyketides, and have implications for the biosynthesis of not only AFEs but all enediynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Erome Daniel Hankore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Faruk H. Moonschi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Hoda Saghaeiannejad Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Edward Kalkreuter
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | | | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
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10
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Steele AD, Kiefer AF, Hwang D, Yang D, Teijaro CN, Adhikari A, Rader C, Shen B. Application of a Biocatalytic Strategy for the Preparation of Tiancimycin-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates Revealing Key Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1562-1573. [PMID: 36599039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are cancer chemotherapeutics that utilize a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based delivery system, a cytotoxic payload, and a chemical linker. ADC payloads must be strategically functionalized to allow linker attachment without perturbing the potency required for ADC efficacy. We previously developed a biocatalytic system for the precise functionalization of tiancimycin (TNM)-based payloads. The TNMs are anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) and have yet to be translated into the clinic. Herein, we report the translation of biocatalytically functionalized TNMs into ADCs in combination with the dual-variable domain (DVD)-mAb platform. The DVD enables both site-specific conjugation and a plug-and-play modularity for antigen-targeting specificity. We evaluated three linker chemistries in terms of TNM-based ADC potency and antigen selectivity, demonstrating a trade-off between potency and selectivity. This represents the first application of AFE-based payloads to DVDs for ADC development, a workflow that is generalizable to further advance AFE-based ADCs for multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ajeeth Adhikari
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christoph Rader
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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11
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Pan J, Tan Q, Zhu S, Yan X, Li Y, Zhuang Z, Zhu X, Duan Y, Huang Y. Discovery of pentaene polyols by the activation of an enediyne gene cluster: biosynthetic implications for 9-membered enediyne core structures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13475-13481. [PMID: 36507168 PMCID: PMC9682884 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of enediyne polyketide synthases (PKSEs) revealed that PKSE-bound polyene is a common intermediate, while its subsequent tailoring steps to enediyne cores remain obscure. Herein, we report pentaene polyols 5-7 and cinnamic acid derivatives 8 and 9 biosynthesized from an activated enediyne biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. CB02130. The C-1027 pksE could partially complement production of these polyene polyols in a CB02130 mutant where the native pksE is inactivated. The yields of 5-7 were improved by increasing the cellular pool of l-Phe through either gene inactivation of a prephenate dehydrogenase WlsPDH or supplementation of l-Phe. A flexible ammonia lyase WlsC4 is responsible for biosynthesis of 8 and 9 from l-Phe. The co-localization of wlsPDH and PKSE gene cassette supports their close evolutionary relationships and an enediyne genome mining strategy using WlsPDH. These findings not only provide a facile approach to activate silent enediyne BGCs, but suggest that a polyene epoxide intermediate may be formed for construction of 9-membered enediyne macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Qingwen Tan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Saibin Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yu Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Zhoukang Zhuang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug DiscoveryChangshaHunan 410205China
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12
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Gui C, Kalkreuter E, Liu YC, Adhikari A, Teijaro CN, Yang D, Chang C, Shen B. Intramolecular C–C Bond Formation Links Anthraquinone and Enediyne Scaffolds in Tiancimycin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20452-20462. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ajeeth Adhikari
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | | | - Changsoo Chang
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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13
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Feng X, Liu H, Pan J, Xiong Y, Zhu X, Yan X, Duan Y, Huang Y. Liposome-Encapsulated Tiancimycin A Is Active against Melanoma and Metastatic Breast Tumors: The Effect of cRGD Modification of the Liposomal Carrier and Tiancimycin A Dose on Drug Activity and Toxicity. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1078-1090. [PMID: 35290067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enediyne natural products, including neocarzinostatin and calicheamicin γ1, are used in the form of a copolymer or antibody-drug conjugate to treat hepatomas and leukemia. Tiancimycin (TNM) A is a novel anthraquinone-fused enediyne that can rapidly and completely kill tumor cells. Herein, we encapsulated TNM A in liposomes (Lip-TNM A) and cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate (cRGD)-functionalized liposomes (cRGD-Lip-TNM A) and demonstrated its antitumor activity using mouse xenografts. Because TNM A causes rapid DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, these nanoparticles exhibited potent cytotoxicity against multiple tumor cells for 8 h. In B16-F10 and KPL-4 xenografts, both nanoparticles showed superior potency over doxorubicin and trastuzumab. However, cRGD-Lip-TNM A reduced the tumor weight more significantly than Lip-TNM A in B16-F10 xenografts, in which the αvβ3-integrin receptors are significantly overexpressed in this melanoma. Lip-TNM A was slightly more active than cRGD-Lip-TNM A against KPL-4 xenografts, which probably reflected the difference of their in vivo fate in this mouse model. In a highly metastatic 4T1 tumor model, cRGD-Lip-TNM A reduced tumor metastasis induced by losartan, a tumor microenvironment-remodeling agent. These findings suggest that targeted delivery of enediynes with unique modes of action may enable more effective translation of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Feng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discover, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discover, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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14
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Cheemalamarri C, Batchu UR, Thallamapuram NP, Katragadda SB, Reddy Shetty P. A review on hydroxy anthraquinones from bacteria: crosstalk's of structures and biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6186-6205. [PMID: 35175877 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2039920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinones (AQ), unveiling large structural diversity, among polyketides demonstrate a wide range of applications. The hydroxy anthraquinones (HAQ), a group of anthraquinone derivatives, are secondary metabolites produced by bacteria and eukaryotes. Plant-based HAQ are well-studied unlike bacterial HAQ and applied as herbal medicine for centuries. Bacteria are known to synthesize a wide variety of structurally diversified HAQ through polyketide pathways using polyketide synthases (I, II & III) principally through polyketide synthase-II. The actinobacteria especially the genus Streptomyces and Micromonospora represent a rich source of HAQ, however novel HAQ are reported from the rare actinobacteria genera (Salinospora, Actinoplanes, Amycoloptosis, Verrucosispora, Xenorhabdus, and Photorhabdus. Though several reviews are available on AQ produced by plants and fungi, however none on bacterial AQ. The current review focused on sources of bacterial HAQ and their structural diversity and biological activities along with toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Cheemalamarri
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Lab- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Rajeswari Batchu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Lab- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagendra Prasad Thallamapuram
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Lab- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Babu Katragadda
- Centre for natural products and traditional knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prakasham Reddy Shetty
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Lab- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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15
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Yang D, Ye F, Teijaro CN, Hwang D, Annaval T, Adhikari A, Li G, Yan X, Gui C, Rader C, Shen B. Functional Characterization of Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylase YpmL in Yangpumicin A Biosynthesis and Its Application for Anthraquinone-Fused Enediyne Structural Diversification. Org Lett 2022; 24:1219-1223. [PMID: 35084871 PMCID: PMC9594962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analyses of four anthraquinone-fused enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) identified YpmL as a cytochrome P450 enzyme unique to the yangpumicin (YPM) BGC. In vitro characterization of YpmL established it as a hydroxylase, catalyzing C-6 hydroxylation in YPM A biosynthesis. In vivo application of YpmL enabled engineered production of four new tiancimycin analogues (14-17). Evaluation of their cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines shed new insights into the enediyne structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Center at Scripps Research, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Dobeen Hwang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thibault Annaval
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ajeeth Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Gengnan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Center at Scripps Research, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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16
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Xue L, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhao X, Dang W, Wang Z, Wang C, Suo T, Yan X. Discovery of Tiancimycin Congeners from Streptomyces sp. CB03234-S. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Covering: up to the end of July, 2021Anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) are a subfamily of enediyne natural products. Dynemicin A (DYN A), the first member of the AFE family, was discovered more than thirty years ago. Subsequently, extensive studies have been reported on the mode of action and the interactions of AFEs with DNA using DYN A as a model. However, progress in the discovery, biosynthesis and clinical development of AFEs has been limited for a long time. In the past five years, four new AFEs have been discovered and significant progress has been made in the biosynthesis of AFEs, especially on the biogenesis of the anthraquinone moiety and their tailoring steps. Moreover, the streamlined total synthesis of AFEs and their analogues boosts the preparation of AFE-based linker-drugs, thus enabling the development of AFE-based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This review summarizes the discovery, mechanism of action, biosynthesis, total synthesis and preclinical studies of AFEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
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18
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Abstract
Enediynes are widely studied to understand their cycloaromatization and the trapping of the resulting p-dehydrobenzene diradical. However, few model substrates are known, and they are hard to synthesize and difficult to handle. Herein we report cyclohexeno[3,4]cyclodec-1,5-diyne-3-ene as a convenient model for studying the reactivity of enediynes. It can be easily synthesized from 1,2-diethynylcyclohexene and 1,4-diiodobutane. It is a solid that is stable at room temperature. In solution the p-dehydrobenzene diradical derived from its cycloaromatization can be trapped by nucleophiles. The rate-limiting step is the cyclization, which is slightly slower than that of the parent cyclodec-1,5-diyne-3-ene but faster than that of its benzo analogue, consistent with the distances between the reacting carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadka Shrinidhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Charles L Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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19
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Ma GL, Tran HT, Low ZJ, Candra H, Pang LM, Cheang QW, Fang M, Liang ZX. Pathway Retrofitting Yields Insights into the Biosynthesis of Anthraquinone-Fused Enediynes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11500-11509. [PMID: 34293863 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AQEs) are renowned for their distinctive molecular architecture, reactive enediyne warhead, and potent anticancer activity. Although the first members of AQEs, i.e., dynemicins, were discovered three decades ago, how their nitrogen-containing carbon skeleton is synthesized by microbial producers remains largely a mystery. In this study, we showed that the recently discovered sungeidine pathway is a "degenerative" AQE pathway that contains upstream enzymes for AQE biosynthesis. Retrofitting the sungeidine pathway with genes from the dynemicin pathway not only restored the biosynthesis of the AQE skeleton but also produced a series of novel compounds likely as the cycloaromatized derivatives of chemically unstable biosynthetic intermediates. The results suggest a cascade of highly surprising biosynthetic steps leading to the formation of the anthraquinone moiety, the hallmark C8-C9 linkage via alkyl-aryl cross-coupling, and the characteristic epoxide functionality. The findings provide unprecedented insights into the biosynthesis of AQEs and pave the way for examining these intriguing biosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Hoa Thi Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Zhen Jie Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Hartono Candra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Li Mei Pang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Qing Wei Cheang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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20
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Annaval T, Teijaro CN, Adhikari A, Yan X, Chen JJ, Crnovcic I, Yang D, Shen B. Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylase TnmL Catalyzing Sequential Hydroxylation with an Additional Proofreading Activity in Tiancimycin Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1172-1178. [PMID: 34138533 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tiancimycin (TNM) A belongs to the anthraquinone-fused subfamily of enediyne natural products, and selected enediynes have been translated into clinical drugs. Previously, inactivation of tnmL in Streptomyces sp. CB03234 resulted in the accumulation of TNM B and TNM E, supporting the functional assignment of TnmL as a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase that catalyzes A-ring modification in TNM A biosynthesis. Herein, we report in vitro characterization of TnmL, revealing that (i) TnmL catalyzes two successive hydroxylations of TNM E, resulting in sequential production of TNM F and TNM C, (ii) TnmL shows a strict substrate preference, with the C-26 side chain playing a critical role in substrate binding, and (iii) TnmL demethylates the C-7 OCH3 group of TNM G, affording TNM F, thereby channeling the shunt product TNM G back into TNM A biosynthesis and representing a rare proofreading logic for natural product biosynthesis. These findings shed new insights into anthraquinone-fused enediyne biosynthesis.
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21
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Hindra, Yang D, Luo J, Huang T, Yan X, Adhikari A, Teijaro CN, Ge H, Shen B. Submerged fermentation of Streptomyces uncialis providing a biotechnology platform for uncialamycin biosynthesis, engineering, and production. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6178870. [PMID: 33739406 PMCID: PMC8210685 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Uncialamycin (UCM) belongs to the anthraquinone-fused subfamily of 10-membered enediyne natural products that exhibits an extraordinary cytotoxicity against a wide spectrum of human cancer cell lines. Antibody-drug conjugates, utilizing synthetic analogues of UCM as payloads, are in preclinical development. UCM is exclusively produced by Streptomyces uncialis DCA2648 on solid agar medium with low titers (∼0.019 mg/l), limiting its supply by microbial fermentation and hampering its biosynthetic and engineering studies by in vivo pathway manipulation. Here, we report cultivation conditions that enable genetic manipulation of UCM biosynthesis in vivo and allow UCM production, with improved titers, by submerged fermentation of the engineered S. uncialis strains. Specifically, the titer of UCM was improved nearly 58-fold to ∼1.1 mg/l through the combination of deletion of biosynthetic gene clusters encoding unrelated metabolites from the S. uncialis wild-type, chemical mutagenesis and manipulation of pathway-specific regulators to generate the engineered S. uncialis strains, and finally medium optimization of the latter for UCM production. Genetic manipulation of UCM biosynthesis was demonstrated by inactivating selected genes in the engineered S. uncialis strains, one of which afforded a mutant strain accumulating tiancimycin B, a common biosynthetic intermediate known for the anthraquinone-fused subfamily of enediyne natural products. These findings highlight a biotechnology platform for UCM biosynthesis, engineering, and production that should facilitate both its fundamental studies and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ajeeth Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Huiming Ge
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Correspondence to: Ben Shen. Phone: +1-561-228-2456. Fax: +1-561-228-2472. E-mail:
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22
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Igarashi M, Sawa R, Umekita M, Hatano M, Arisaka R, Hayashi C, Ishizaki Y, Suzuki M, Kato C. Sealutomicins, new enediyne antibiotics from the deep-sea actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. MM565M-173N2. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:291-299. [PMID: 33531630 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A Nonomuraea sp. strain MM565M-173N2 was isolated from deep-sea sediment off the Sanriku coast, and new antibiotics were evaluated against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), which is a problematic group of bacteria because of their antimicrobial resistance. From 220 l of fermented broth from strain MM565M-173N2, we isolated four new antibiotics by gel filtration and HPLC, designated as sealutomicins A (1.8 mg), B (1.5 mg), C (0.8 mg), and D (0.8 mg). Their structures were determined from MS, NMR, and CD spectra. Sealutomicin A was found to be a new enediyne antibiotic, while sealutomicins B-D were aromatized products from sealutomicin A. Sealutomicin A showed strong antibacterial activity (MIC 0.05-0.2 μg ml-1) against CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan.
| | - Maya Umekita
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Hatano
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Rie Arisaka
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Chigusa Hayashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ishizaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba-cho, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kato
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
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23
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Liang XY, Battini N, Sui YF, Ansari MF, Gan LL, Zhou CH. Aloe-emodin derived azoles as a new structural type of potential antibacterial agents: design, synthesis, and evaluation of the action on membrane, DNA, and MRSA DNA isomerase. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:602-608. [PMID: 34046631 PMCID: PMC8128066 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00429d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As serious global drug resistance motivated the exploration of new structural drugs, we developed a type of novel structural aloe-emodin azoles as potential antibacterial agents in this work. Some target aloe-emodin azoles displayed effective activity against the tested strains, especially tetrazolyl aloe-emodin 4b showed a low MIC value of 2 μg mL-1 towards MRSA, being more efficient than the reference drug norfloxacin (MIC = 8 μg mL-1). Also, the active molecule 4b exhibited low cytotoxicity against LO2 cells with no distinct tendency to induce the concerned resistance towards MRSA. The tetrazolyl derivative 4b was preliminarily investigated for the possible mechanism; it was revealed that tetrazolyl derivative 4b could both disrupt the integrity of MRSA membrane and form 4b-DNA supramolecular complex by intercalating into DNA. Moreover, tetrazolyl aloe-emodin 4b could bind with MRSA DNA isomerase at multiple sites through hydrogen bonds in molecular simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Liang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China +86 23 68254967 +86 23 68254967
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China +86 23 68254967 +86 23 68254967
| | - Yan-Fei Sui
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China +86 23 68254967 +86 23 68254967
| | - Mohammad Fawad Ansari
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China +86 23 68254967 +86 23 68254967
| | - Lin-Ling Gan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College Chongqing 401331 PR China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 PR China +86 23 68254967 +86 23 68254967
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24
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Nah HJ, Park J, Choi S, Kim ES. WblA, a global regulator of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6127318. [PMID: 33928363 PMCID: PMC9113171 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces species are soil-dwelling bacteria that produce vast numbers of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites (SMs), such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, antiviral, and anticancer drugs. On the other hand, the biosynthesis of most SMs remains very low due to tightly controlled regulatory networks. Both global and pathway-specific regulators are involved in the regulation of a specific SM biosynthesis in various Streptomyces species. Over the past few decades, many of these regulators have been identified and new ones are still being discovered. Among them, a global regulator of SM biosynthesis named WblA was identified in several Streptomyces species. The identification and understanding of the WblAs have greatly contributed to increasing the productivity of several Streptomyces SMs. This review summarizes the characteristics and applications on WblAs reported to date, which were found in various Streptomyces species and other actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Nah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sisun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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25
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Adhikari A, Shen B, Rader C. Challenges and Opportunities to Develop Enediyne Natural Products as Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Antib Ther 2021; 4:1-15. [PMID: 33554043 PMCID: PMC7850032 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calicheamicin, the payload of the antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) and inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa®), belongs to the class of enediyne natural products. Since the isolation and structural determination of the neocarzinostatin chromophore in 1985, the enediynes have attracted considerable attention for their value as DNA damaging agents in cancer chemotherapy. Due to their non-discriminatory cytotoxicity towards both cancer and healthy cells, the clinical utilization of enediyne natural products relies on conjugation to an appropriate delivery system, such as an antibody. Here we review the current landscape of enediynes as payloads of first-generation and next-generation ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeeth Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Natural Products Discovery Center at Scripps Research, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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26
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Adhikari A, Teijaro CN, Yan X, Chang CY, Gui C, Liu YC, Crnovcic I, Yang D, Annaval T, Rader C, Shen B. Characterization of TnmH as an O-Methyltransferase Revealing Insights into Tiancimycin Biosynthesis and Enabling a Biocatalytic Strategy To Prepare Antibody-Tiancimycin Conjugates. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8432-8441. [PMID: 32658465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enediynes are among the most cytotoxic molecules known, and their use as anticancer drugs has been successfully demonstrated by targeted delivery. Clinical advancement of the anthraquinone-fused enediynes has been hindered by their low titers and lack of functional groups to enable the preparation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here we report biochemical and structural characterization of TnmH from the tiancimycin (TNM) biosynthetic pathway, revealing that (i) TnmH catalyzes regiospecific methylation at the C-7 hydroxyl group, (ii) TnmH exhibits broad substrate promiscuity toward hydroxyanthraquinones and S-alkylated SAM analogues and catalyzes efficient installation of reactive alkyl handles, (iii) the X-ray crystal structure of TnmH provides the molecular basis to account for its broad substrate promiscuity, and (iv) TnmH as a biocatalyst enables the development of novel conjugation strategies to prepare antibody-TNM conjugates. These findings should greatly facilitate the construction and evaluation of antibody-TNM conjugates as next-generation ADCs for targeted chemotherapy.
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27
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Zhang F, Gao D, Lin J, Zhu M, Zhuang Z, Duan Y, Zhu X. Construction of Inducible Genetic Switch for the Global Regulator WblA To Sustain Both Overproduction of Tiancimycins and On-Demand Sporulation in Streptomyces sp. CB03234. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1460-1467. [PMID: 32379959 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The complex life cycle of streptomycetes is closely related to their secondary metabolisms, all controlled by cascade regulations. Tiancimycins (TNMs) are ten-membered enediynes possessing great potential for antitumor drug development. However, their low yields in Streptomyces sp. CB03234 have greatly limited subsequent studies. Through transcriptome analysis and genetic characterization, we proved that WblA is one pivotal global regulator to repress the biosynthesis of TNMs. The deletion of wblA could significantly enhance the production of TNMs, but also abolish the sporulation in CB03234. By constructing the NitR-ε-caprolactam inducible genetic switch, the expression of wblA was governed in CB03234-NRW, thereby sustaining the overproduction of TNMs and recovering the normal sporulation upon induction, which were practical for the scaled-up production of TNMs. Considering the prevalence and conserved regulatory roles of WblA in streptomycetes, our developed strategy shall provide an effective and practical approach to facilitate titer improvement and discovery of natural products.
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28
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Wang MX, Liu J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yang QQ, Shan W, Deng YH, Shao Z. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral α-alkynylated thiazolidones by tandem S-addition/acetalization of alkynyl imines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3117-3124. [PMID: 32253417 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A SPINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric formal [2 + 3]-annulation of in situ generated alkynyl imines and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol has been developed to afford enantiopure α-alkynylated thiazolidones with up to 72% yield and 98.5 : 1.5 er. This tandem annulation involved a tandem S-addition of alkynyl imines/intramolecular acetalization, followed by PDC-mediated oxidation. The α-alkynylated thiazolidones could facilely afford the corresponding chiral α-alkynylated or α-alkenylated cyclic sulfoxides via further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China. and Yunnan Baiyao Group CO., Ltd, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Qi-Qiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Wenyu Shan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Yu-Hua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Zhihui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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29
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Nicolaou KC, Das D, Lu Y, Rout S, Pitsinos EN, Lyssikatos J, Schammel A, Sandoval J, Hammond M, Aujay M, Gavrilyuk J. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tiancimycins A and B, Yangpumicin A, and Related Anthraquinone-Fused Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2549-2561. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Dipendu Das
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Subhrajit Rout
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Emmanuel N. Pitsinos
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Laboratory of Natural Products Synthesis & Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexander Schammel
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Hammond
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC, 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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30
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Steele AD, Teijaro CN, Yang D, Shen B. Leveraging a large microbial strain collection for natural product discovery. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16567-16576. [PMID: 31570525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, natural products have significantly contributed to the discovery of novel chemistry, drug leads, and tool molecules to probe and address complex challenges in biology and medicine. Recent microbial genome sequencing efforts have uncovered many microbial biosynthetic gene clusters without an associated natural product. This means that the natural products isolated to date do not fully reflect the biosynthetic potential of microbial strains. This observation has rejuvenated the natural product community and inspired a return to microbial strain collections. Mining large microbial strain collections with the most current technologies in genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and high-throughput screening techniques presents new opportunities in natural product discovery. In this review, we report on the newly expanded microbial strain collection at The Scripps Research Institute, which represents one of the largest and most diverse strain collections in the world. Two complementary approaches, i.e. structure-centric and function-centric, are presented here to showcase how to leverage a large microbial strain collection for natural product discovery and to address challenges and harness opportunities for future efforts. Highlighted examples include the discovery of alternative producers of known natural products with superior growth characteristics and high titers, novel analogs of privileged scaffolds, novel natural products, and new activities of known and new natural products. We anticipate that this large microbial strain collection will facilitate the discovery of new natural products for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Steele
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | | | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458.,Natural Products Library Initiative, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 .,Natural Products Library Initiative, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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31
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Wang Z, Wen Z, Liu L, Zhu X, Shen B, Yan X, Duan Y, Huang Y. Yangpumicins F and G, Enediyne Congeners from Micromonospora yangpuensis DSM 45577. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2483-2488. [PMID: 31490685 PMCID: PMC7170010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enediyne natural products are among the most cytotoxic small molecules and thus excellent payload candidates for the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here we report the isolation and structural elucidation of two new 10-membered anthraquinone-fused enediynes, yangpumicins (YPM) F (6) and G (7), together with five known congeners, YPM A-E (1-5), from Micromonospora yangpuensis DSM 45577. YPM F (6) and G (7) showed strong cytotoxicity against the tested human cancer cell lines, as well as activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The 1,2-diols in 6 and 7 promise to enable new linker chemistry for the development of YPM-based ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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32
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Ogawara H. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Antibiotic-Producing and Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2019; 24:E3430. [PMID: 31546630 PMCID: PMC6804068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a tremendous threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is essential to know the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in antibiotic-producing and pathogenic bacteria. This paper deals with this problem from four points of view. First, the antibiotic resistance genes in producers are discussed related to their biosynthesis. Most resistance genes are present within the biosynthetic gene clusters, but some genes such as paromomycin acetyltransferases are located far outside the gene cluster. Second, when the antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens are compared with those in the producers, resistance mechanisms have dependency on antibiotic classes, and, in addition, new types of resistance mechanisms such as Eis aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and self-sacrifice proteins in enediyne antibiotics emerge in pathogens. Third, the relationships of the resistance genes between producers and pathogens are reevaluated at their amino acid sequence as well as nucleotide sequence levels. Pathogenic bacteria possess other resistance mechanisms than those in antibiotic producers. In addition, resistance mechanisms are little different between early stage of antibiotic use and the present time, e.g., β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, guanine + cytosine (GC) barrier in gene transfer to pathogenic bacteria is considered. Now, the resistance genes constitute resistome composed of complicated mixture from divergent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawara
- HO Bio Institute, 33-9, Yushima-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 522-1, Noshio-2, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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33
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Zhuang Z, Jiang C, Zhang F, Huang R, Yi L, Huang Y, Yan X, Duan Y, Zhu X. Streptomycin-induced ribosome engineering complemented with fermentation optimization for enhanced production of 10-membered enediynes tiancimycin-A and tiancimycin-D. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1304-1314. [PMID: 30712262 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tiancimycins (TNMs) are a group of 10-membered anthraquinone-fused enediynes, newly discovered from Streptomyces sp. CB03234. Among them, TNM-A and TNM-D have exhibited excellent antitumor performances and could be exploited as very promising warheads for the development of anticancer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). However, their low titers, especially TNM-D, have severely limited following progress. Therefore, the streptomycin-induced ribosome engineering was adopted in this work for strain improvement of CB03234, and a TNMs high producer S. sp. CB03234-S with the K43N mutation at 30S ribosomal protein S12 was successfully screened out. Subsequent media optimization revealed the essential effects of iodide and copper ion on the production of TNMs, while the substitution of nitrogen source could evidently promote the accumulation of TNM-D, and the ratio of produced TNM-A and TNM-D was responsive to the change of carbon and nitrogen ratio in the medium. Further amelioration of the pH control in scaled up 25 L fermentation increased the average titers of TNM-A and TNM-D up to 13.7 ± 0.3 and 19.2 ± 0.4 mg/L, respectively. The achieved over 45-fold titer improvement of TNM-A, and 109-fold total titer improvement of TNM-A and TNM-D enabled the efficient purification of over 200 mg of each target molecule from 25 L fermentation. Our efforts have demonstrated a practical strategy for titer improvement of anthraquinone-fused enediynes and set up a solid base for the pilot scale production and preclinical studies of TNMs to expedite the future development of anticancer ADC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoukang Zhuang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengzhou Jiang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liwei Yi
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, China
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34
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Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as kadsuraol A from Kadsura longipedunculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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