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Klaysubun C, Butdee W, Suriyachadkun C, Igarashi Y, Duangmal K. Streptomyces silvisoli sp. nov., a polyene producer, and Streptomyces tropicalis sp. nov., two novel actinobacterial species from peat swamp forests in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37768174 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel actinobacterial strains, designated RB6PN23T and K1PA1T, were isolated from peat swamp soil samples in Thailand and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strains were filamentous Gram-stain-positive bacteria containing ll-diaminopimelic acid in their whole-cell hydrolysates. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RB6PN23T was most closely related to Streptomyces rubrisoli (99.1 % sequence similarity) and Streptomyces ferralitis (98.5%), while strain K1PA1T showed 98.8 and 98.7% sequence similarities to Streptomyces coacervatus and Streptomyces griseoruber, respectively. However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were below the species-level thresholds (95-96 % ANI and 70 % dDDH). The genomes of strains RB6PN23T and K1PA1T were estimated to be 7.88 Mbp and 7.39 Mbp in size, respectively, with DNA G+C contents of 70.2 and 73.2 mol%. Moreover, strains RB6PN23T and K1PA1T encode 37 and 24 putative biosynthetic gene clusters, respectively, and in silico analysis revealed that these new species have a high potential to produce unique natural products. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics confirmed that strains RB6PN23T and K1PA1T represented two novel species in the genus Streptomyces. The names proposed for these strains are Streptomyces silvisoli sp. nov. (type strain RB6PN23T=TBRC 17040T=NBRC 116113T) and Streptomyces tropicalis sp. nov. (type strain K1PA1T=TBRC 17041T=NBRC 116114T). Additionally, a giant linear polyene compound, neotetrafibricin A, exhibiting antifungal activity in strain RB6PN23T, was identified through HPLC and quadrupole time-of-flight MS analysis. The crude extract from the culture broth of strain RB6PN23T exhibited strong antifungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium fujikuroi and Bipolaris zeicola. This finding suggests that strain RB6PN23T could be a promising candidate for biological control of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chollachai Klaysubun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Waranya Butdee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Suriyachadkun
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kannika Duangmal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Bhardwaj M, Cui Z, Daniel Hankore E, Moonschi FH, Saghaeiannejad Esfahani H, Kalkreuter E, Gui C, Yang D, Phillips GN, Thorson JS, Shen B, Van Lanen SG. A discrete intermediate for the biosynthesis of both the enediyne core and the anthraquinone moiety of enediyne natural products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220468120. [PMID: 36802426 PMCID: PMC9992847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220468120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The enediynes are structurally characterized by a 1,5-diyne-3-ene motif within a 9- or 10-membered enediyne core. The anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) are a subclass of 10-membered enediynes that contain an anthraquinone moiety fused to the enediyne core as exemplified by dynemicins and tiancimycins. A conserved iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKSE) is known to initiate the biosynthesis of all enediyne cores, and evidence has recently been reported to suggest that the anthraquinone moiety also originates from the PKSE product. However, the identity of the PKSE product that is converted to the enediyne core or anthraquinone moiety has not been established. Here, we report the utilization of recombinant E. coli coexpressing various combinations of genes that encode a PKSE and a thioesterase (TE) from either 9- or 10-membered enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters to chemically complement ΔPKSE mutant strains of the producers of dynemicins and tiancimycins. Additionally, 13C-labeling experiments were performed to track the fate of the PKSE/TE product in the ΔPKSE mutants. These studies reveal that 1,3,5,7,9,11,13-pentadecaheptaene is the nascent, discrete product of the PKSE/TE that is converted to the enediyne core. Furthermore, a second molecule of 1,3,5,7,9,11,13-pentadecaheptaene is demonstrated to serve as the precursor of the anthraquinone moiety. The results establish a unified biosynthetic paradigm for AFEs, solidify an unprecedented biosynthetic logic for aromatic polyketides, and have implications for the biosynthesis of not only AFEs but all enediynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Erome Daniel Hankore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Faruk H. Moonschi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Hoda Saghaeiannejad Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Edward Kalkreuter
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | | | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40536
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Özçam M, Oh JH, Tocmo R, Acharya D, Zhang S, Astmann TJ, Heggen M, Ruiz-Ramírez S, Li F, Cheng CC, Vivas E, Rey FE, Claesen J, Bugni TS, Walter J, van Pijkeren JP. A secondary metabolite drives intraspecies antagonism in a gut symbiont that is inhibited by cell-wall acetylation. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:824-835.e6. [PMID: 35443156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian microbiome encodes numerous secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters; yet, their role in microbe-microbe interactions is unclear. Here, we characterized two polyketide synthase gene clusters (fun and pks) in the gut symbiont Limosilactobacillus reuteri. The pks, but not the fun, cluster encodes antimicrobial activity. Forty-one of 51 L. reuteri strains tested are sensitive to Pks products; this finding was independent of strains' host origin. Sensitivity to Pks was also established in intraspecies competition experiments in gnotobiotic mice. Comparative genome analyses between Pks-resistant and -sensitive strains identified an acyltransferase gene (act) unique to Pks-resistant strains. Subsequent cell-wall analysis of wild-type and act mutant strains showed that Act acetylates cell-wall components, providing resistance to Pks-mediated killing. Additionally, pks mutants lost their competitive advantage, while act mutants lost their Pks resistance in in vivo competition assays. These findings provide insight into how closely related gut symbionts can compete and co-exist in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özçam
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Restituto Tocmo
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Deepa Acharya
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shenwei Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Theresa J Astmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark Heggen
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Fuyong Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Christopher C Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Eugenio Vivas
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tim S Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Medicine and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Jan-Peter van Pijkeren
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Burden AM, Hausammann L, Ceschi A, Kupferschmidt H, Weiler S. Observational cross-sectional case study of toxicities of antifungal drugs. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 29:520-526. [PMID: 34896339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we examined the toxicities, including poisoning and overdoses, with polyene, azole, flucytosine and echinocandin antifungals reported to the National Poison Center. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study on antifungals was performed based on reports between 1995 and 2016 to Tox Info Suisse. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were summarized among all reported calls, stratified by age group. In secondary analyses, we evaluated cases with clinical follow-up information. RESULTS In total, 149 cases were reported to the National Poison Centre within the study period of which 49 (32.9%) were male and 91 (61.1%) were female. 95 (63.8%) were adults and 54 (36.2%) were children (age ≤ 16). The most frequently reported drug class were the azoles (n=136, 91.3%). In 31 cases (21%) reported by the treating physicians, further clinical follow-up information was available. Nearly half of these patients were asymptomatic (n=15, 48%). Among those with symptoms, in 11 (33%) patients, the symptoms of toxicity were categorized with a strong causality to the respective antifungal. Clinical findings caused by the triazoles were effects in the gastrointestinal tract, hallucinations and predilirium state. The clinical findings caused by the polyenes were mostly minor symptoms with infusion-related effects or hypokalemia. In 6 (54.6%) out of 11 cases the severity was categorized as minor and for 5 (45.5%) as moderate, respectively. CONCLUSION Despite high administered doses, no severe or fatal cases occurred within the study period. Although various toxicities can occur with antifungal administration and overdoses, they showed a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Burden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucy Hausammann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Biomedical Faculty, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Kupferschmidt
- Tox Info Suisse, National Poisons Information Centre, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Switzerland; Giftnotruf, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; Tox Info Suisse, National Poisons Information Centre, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Park HS, Nah HJ, Kang SH, Choi SS, Kim ES. Screening and Isolation of a Novel Polyene-Producing Streptomyces Strain Inhibiting Phytopathogenic Fungi in the Soil Environment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:692340. [PMID: 34322478 PMCID: PMC8312574 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.692340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial-based eco-friendly biological substances are needed to protect crops from phytopathogenic fungi and replace toxic chemical fungicides that cause serious environmental issues. This study screened for soil antifungal Streptomyces strains, which produce rich, diverse, and valuable bioactive metabolites in the soil environment. Bioassay-based antifungal screening of approximately 2,400 Streptomyces strains led to the isolation of 149 strains as tentative antifungal producers. One Streptomyces strain showing the most potent antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum was identified as a putative anti-phytopathogenic soil isolate that is highly homologous to Streptomyces rubrisoli (named S. rubrisoli Inha 501). An in vitro antifungal assay, pot-test, and field-test against various phytopathogenic fungi confirmed that S. rubrisoli Inha 501 is a potential novel phytopathogenic fungicide producer to protect various crops in the soil environment. Whole-genome sequencing of S. rubrisoli Inha 501 and an anti-SMASH genome mining approach revealed an approximately 150-kb polyene biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in the chromosome. The target compound isolation and its BGC analysis confirmed that the giant linear polyene compound exhibiting the anti-phytopathogenic activity in S. rubrisoli Inha 501 was highly homologous to the previously reported compound, neotetrafibricin A. These results suggest that a bioassay-based screening of a novel antifungal Streptomyces strain followed by its genome mining for target compound BGC characterization would be an efficient approach to isolating a novel candidate phytopathogenic fungicide that can protect crops in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Soon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Nah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Si-Sun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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Pekmezovic M, Kalagasidis Krusic M, Malagurski I, Milovanovic J, Stępień K, Guzik M, Charifou R, Babu R, O’Connor K, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Antifungal Polyene Formulations with Monomeric Hydroxyalkanoic Acids for Improved Antifungal Efficiency. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060737. [PMID: 34207011 PMCID: PMC8234488 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biodegradable and biocompatible formulations of "old" but "gold" drugs such as nystatin (Nys) and amphotericin B (AmB) were made using a biopolymer as a matrix. Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) were used to formulate both polyenes (Nys and AmB) in the form of films (~50 µm). Thermal properties and stability of the materials were not significantly altered by the incorporation of polyenes in mcl-PHA, but polyene containing materials were more hydrophobic. These formulations were tested in vitro against a panel of pathogenic fungi and for antibiofilm properties. The films containing 0.1 to 2 weight % polyenes showed good activity and sustained polyene release for up to 4 days. A PHA monomer, namely 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C10-OH), was added to the films to achieve an enhanced synergistic effect with polyenes against fungal growth. Mcl-PHA based polyene formulations showed excellent growth inhibitory activity against both Candida yeasts (C. albicans ATCC 1023, C. albicans SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876), C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019) and filamentous fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073; Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 24102). All antifungal PHA film preparations prevented the formation of a C. albicans biofilm, while they were not efficient in eradication of mature biofilms, rendering them suitable for the transdermal application or as coatings of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pekmezovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (I.M.); (J.M.)
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenberstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Melina Kalagasidis Krusic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Malagurski
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (I.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (I.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Karolina Stępień
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Guzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Romina Charifou
- AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D2 Dublin, Ireland; (R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Ramesh Babu
- AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D2 Dublin, Ireland; (R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Kevin O’Connor
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4 Dublin 4, Ireland;
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4 Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4 Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (I.M.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-397-60-34
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Fredericks LR, Lee MD, Eckert HR, Li S, Shipley MA, Roslund CR, Boikov DA, Kizer EA, Sobel JD, Rowley PA. Vaginal Isolates of Candida glabrata Are Uniquely Susceptible to Ionophoric Killer Toxins Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0245020. [PMID: 33972245 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02450-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other species of Candida yeasts, the growth of Candida glabrata is inhibited by many different strains of Saccharomyces killer yeasts. The ionophoric K1 and K2 killer toxins are broadly inhibitory to all clinical isolates of C. glabrata from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, despite high levels of resistance to clinically relevant antifungal therapeutics.
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Lotfali E, Fattahi A, Sayyahfar S, Ghasemi R, Rabiei MM, Fathi M, Vakili K, Deravi N, Soheili A, Toreyhi H, Shirvani F. A Review on Molecular Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance in Candida glabrata: Update and Recent Advances. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1371-1388. [PMID: 33956513 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is the second frequent etiologic agent of mucosal and invasive candidiasis. Based on the recent developments in molecular methods, C. glabrata has been introduced as a complex composed of C. glabrata, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis. The four main classes of antifungal drugs effective against C. glabrata are pyrimidine analogs (flucytosine), azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes. Although the use of antifungal drugs is related to the predictable development of drug resistance, it is not clear why C. glabrata is able to rapidly resist against multiple antifungals in clinics. The enhanced incidence and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata and the high mortality and morbidity need more investigation regarding the resistance mechanisms and virulence associated with C. glabrata; additional progress concerning the drug resistance of C. glabrata has to be further prevented. The present review highlights the mechanism of resistance to antifungal drugs in C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Rabiei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Soheili
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Toreyhi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Shirvani
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li J, Sang M, Jiang Y, Wei J, Shen Y, Huang Q, Li Y, Ni J. Polyene-Producing Streptomyces spp. From the Fungus-Growing Termite Macrotermes barneyi Exhibit High Inhibitory Activity Against the Antagonistic Fungus Xylaria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649962. [PMID: 33868208 PMCID: PMC8047067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are engaged in a tripartite mutualism with intestinal microbes and a monocultivar (Termitomyces sp.) in the fungus garden. The termites are often plagued by entomopathogen (Metarhizium anisopliae) and fungus garden is always threatened by competitors (Xylaria spp.). Here, we aim to understand the defensive role of intestinal microbes, the actinomycetes which were isolated from the gut of Macrotermes barneyi. We obtained 44 antifungal isolates, which showed moderate to strong inhibition to Xylaria sp. HPLC analysis indicated that different types of polyenes (tetraene, pentene, and heptaene) existed in the metabolites of 10 strong antifungal Streptomyces strains. Two pentene macrolides (pentamycin and 1′14-dihydroxyisochainin) were firstly purified from Streptomyces strain HF10, both exhibiting higher activity against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae than cultivar Termitomyces. Subsequently, tetraene and heptaene related gene disruption assay showed that the mutant strains lost the ability to produce corresponding polyenes, and they also had significantly decreased activities against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae compared to that of wild type strains. These results indicate that polyene-producing Streptomyces from the guts of M. barneyi have strong inhibition to competitor fungus and polyenes contribute to inhibitory effects on Xylaria sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Moli Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Carolus H, Pierson S, Lagrou K, Van Dijck P. Amphotericin B and Other Polyenes-Discovery, Clinical Use, Mode of Action and Drug Resistance. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E321. [PMID: 33261213 PMCID: PMC7724567 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polyenes were the first broad spectrum antifungal drugs on the market, after 70 years they are still the gold standard to treat a variety of fungal infections. Polyenes such as amphotericin B have a controversial image. They are the antifungal drug class with the broadest spectrum, resistance development is still relatively rare and fungicidal properties are extensive. Yet, they come with a significant host toxicity that limits their use. Relatively recently, the mode of action of polyenes has been revised, new mechanisms of drug resistance were discovered and emergent polyene resistant species such as Candida auris entered the picture. This review provides a short description of the history and clinical use of polyenes, and focusses on the ongoing debate concerning their mode of action, the diversity of resistance mechanisms discovered to date and the most recent trends in polyene resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Carolus
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (S.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siebe Pierson
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (S.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, UZ Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.); (S.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhang J, Zhang P, Zhao Z, Sheng D, Ma W, Zhang YZ, Bai L, Pang X. A Hierarchical Network of Four Regulatory Genes Controlling Production of the Polyene Antibiotic Candicidin in Streptomyces sp. Strain FR-008. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00055-20. [PMID: 32086301 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00055-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The four regulatory genes fscR1 to fscR4 in Streptomyces sp. strain FR-008 form a genetic arrangement that is widely distributed in macrolide-producing bacteria. Our previous work has demonstrated that fscR1 and fscR4 are critical for production of the polyene antibiotic candicidin. In this study, we further characterized the roles of the other two regulatory genes, fscR2 and fscR3, focusing on the relationship between these four regulatory genes. Disruption of a single or multiple regulatory genes did not affect bacterial growth, but transcription of genes in the candicidin biosynthetic gene cluster decreased, and candicidin production was abolished, indicating a critical role for each of the four regulatory genes, including fscR2 and fscR3, in candicidin biosynthesis. We found that fscR1 to fscR4, although differentially expressed throughout the growth phase, displayed similar temporal expression patterns, with an abrupt increase in the early exponential phase, coincident with initial detection of antibiotic production in the same phase. Our data suggest that the four regulatory genes fscR1 to fscR4 have various degrees of control over structural genes in the biosynthetic cluster under the conditions examined. Extensive transcriptional analysis indicated that complex regulation exists between these four regulatory genes, forming a regulatory network, with fscR1 and fscR4 functioning at a lower level. Comprehensive cross-complementation analysis indicates that functional complementation is restricted among the four regulators and unidirectional, with fscR1 complementing the loss of fscR3 or -4 and fscR4 complementing loss of fscR2 Our study provides more insights into the roles of, and the regulatory network formed by, these four regulatory genes controlling production of an important pharmaceutical compound.IMPORTANCE The regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis by Streptomyces species is complex, especially for biosynthetic gene clusters with multiple regulatory genes. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyene antibiotic candicidin contains four consecutive regulatory genes, which encode regulatory proteins from different families and which form a subcluster within the larger biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. FR-008. Syntenic arrangements of these regulatory genes are widely distributed in polyene gene clusters, such as the amphotericin and nystatin gene clusters, suggesting a conserved regulatory mechanism controlling production of these clinically important medicines. However, the relationships between these multiple regulatory genes are unknown. In this study, we determined that each of these four regulatory genes is critical for candicidin production. Additionally, using transcriptional analyses, bioassays, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and genetic cross-complementation, we showed that FscR1 to FscR4 comprise a hierarchical regulatory network that controls candicidin production and is likely representative of how expression of other polyene biosynthetic gene clusters is controlled.
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Nakamura A, Mimaki K, Tanigami KI, Maegawa T. An Improved and Practical Method for Synthesizing of α-Sanshools and Spilanthol. Front Chem 2020; 8:187. [PMID: 32258001 PMCID: PMC7090093 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and practical route for the synthesis of α-sanshools and spilanthol is described herein. Several modifications of an existing method enabled the preparation of the (2E,6Z,8E,10E)-tetraene precursor of hydroxy-α-sanshool in good yield. A highly selective Wittig reaction employing newly synthesized phosphonium salt with low deliquescence and long-term stability yielded the desired Z-form tetraene. This improved methodology was shown to be applicable to the efficient synthesis of α-sanshool and spilanthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mimaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Maegawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Park HS, Kim HJ, Han CY, Nah HJ, Choi SS, Kim ES. Stimulated Biosynthesis of an C10-Deoxy Heptaene NPP B2 via Regulatory Genes Overexpression in Pseudonocardia autotrophica. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:19. [PMID: 32038598 PMCID: PMC6993583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyene macrolides, such as nystatin A1, amphotericin B, and NPP A1, belong to a large family of valuable antifungal polyketide compounds that are typically produced by soil actinomycetes. Previously, NPP B1, a novel NPP A1 derivative harboring a heptaene core structure, was generated by introducing two amino acid substitutions in the putative NADPH-binding motif of the enoyl reductase domain in module 5 of the NPP A1 polyketide synthase in Pseudonocardia autotrophica. This derivative showed superior antifungal activity to NPP A1. In this study, another novel derivative called NPP B2 was developed, which lacks a hydroxyl group at the C10 position by site-specific gene disruption of the P450 hydroxylase NppL. To stimulate the extremely low expression of the NPP B2 biosynthetic pathway genes, the 32-kb NPP-specific regulatory gene cluster was overexpressed via site-specific chromosomal integration. The extra copy of the six NPP-specific regulatory genes led to a significant increase in the NPP B2 yield from 0.19 to 7.67 mg/L, which is the highest level of NPP B2 production ever achieved by the P. autotrophica strain. Subsequent in vitro antifungal activity and toxicity studies indicated that NPP B2 exhibited similar antifungal activity but significantly lower hemolytic toxicity than NPP B1. These results suggest that an NPP biosynthetic pathway refactoring and overexpression of its pathway-specific regulatory genes is an efficient approach to stimulating the production of an extremely low-level metabolite, such as NPP B2 in a pathway-engineered rare actinomycete strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Soon Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chi-Young Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Nah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Si-Sun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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Zhao WT, Shi X, Xian PJ, Feng Z, Yang J, Yang XL. A new fusicoccane diterpene and a new polyene from the plant endophytic fungus Talaromyces pinophilus and their antimicrobial activities. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:124-130. [PMID: 31140306 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1616727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new fusicoccane diterpene, pinophicin A (1), and a new polyene, pinophol A (2), were isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Talaromyces pinophilus obtained from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The structures and relative configurations of 1-2 were determined by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data, chemical method, and comparison with known compounds. Compound 2 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Bacterium paratyphosum B with an MIC value of 50 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Jie Xian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
An essential oil from dried "wakame" (Undaria pinnatifida), prepared by a simultaneous distillation extraction method, was analyzed by GC-MS, indicating the presence of one major component of volatiles. The volatile component was identified as (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-1,6,9,12,15,18-henicosahexaene by comparison with the GC-MS and NMR spectra of synthetic. The henicosahexaene showed a subtly marine aroma. (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,6,9,12,15-Henicosapentaene was also detected as a minor polyene in the essential oils. It was suggested that these polyenes contribute to the characteristic aroma of the dried wakame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jian Lu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University
| | - Shohei Yosemoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Shiho Takayama
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Daichi Satomi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yoshihiko Akakabe
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
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16
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Abstract
An essential oil from the brown alga Sargassum thunbergii, prepared by a simultaneous distillation extraction method, contained in two types of volatile polyenes with a terminal double bond such as (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-1,6,9,12,15,18-henicosahexaene and (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,6,9,12,15-henicosapentaene and with their saturated terminal structures such as (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3,6,9,12,15,18-henicosahexaene and (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-3,6,9,12,15-henicosapentaene. These volatile polyenes were identified by comparison with the GC-MS and NMR spectra of synthetics. The polyenes with the saturated terminal structures were found in the brown algae for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jian Lu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University
| | - Shohei Yosemoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Daichi Satomi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hikari Handa
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yoshihiko Akakabe
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
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17
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Cooke TF, Fischer CR, Wu P, Jiang TX, Xie KT, Kuo J, Doctorov E, Zehnder A, Khosla C, Chuong CM, Bustamante CD. Genetic Mapping and Biochemical Basis of Yellow Feather Pigmentation in Budgerigars. Cell 2017; 171:427-439.e21. [PMID: 28985565 PMCID: PMC5951300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parrot feathers contain red, orange, and yellow polyene pigments called psittacofulvins. Budgerigars are parrots that have been extensively bred for plumage traits during the last century, but the underlying genes are unknown. Here we use genome-wide association mapping and gene-expression analysis to map the Mendelian blue locus, which abolishes yellow pigmentation in the budgerigar. We find that the blue trait maps to a single amino acid substitution (R644W) in an uncharacterized polyketide synthase (MuPKS). When we expressed MuPKS heterologously in yeast, yellow pigments accumulated. Mass spectrometry confirmed that these yellow pigments match those found in feathers. The R644W substitution abolished MuPKS activity. Furthermore, gene-expression data from feathers of different bird species suggest that parrots acquired their colors through regulatory changes that drive high expression of MuPKS in feather epithelia. Our data also help formulate biochemical models that may explain natural color variation in parrots. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Cooke
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Curt R Fischer
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kathleen T Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Doctorov
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ashley Zehnder
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Carlos D Bustamante
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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18
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Stubbendieck RM, Straight PD. Linearmycins Activate a Two-Component Signaling System Involved in Bacterial Competition and Biofilm Morphology. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:e00186-17. [PMID: 28461449 DOI: 10.1128/JB.00186-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use two-component signaling systems to adapt and respond to their competitors and changing environments. For instance, competitor bacteria may produce antibiotics and other bioactive metabolites and sequester nutrients. To survive, some species of bacteria escape competition through antibiotic production, biofilm formation, or motility. Specialized metabolite production and biofilm formation are relatively well understood for bacterial species in isolation. How bacteria control these functions when competitors are present is not well studied. To address fundamental questions relating to the competitive mechanisms of different species, we have developed a model system using two species of soil bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces sp. strain Mg1. Using this model, we previously found that linearmycins produced by Streptomyces sp. strain Mg1 cause lysis of B. subtilis cells and degradation of colony matrix. We identified strains of B. subtilis with mutations in the two-component signaling system yfiJK operon that confer dual phenotypes of specific linearmycin resistance and biofilm morphology. We determined that expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter yfiLMN operon, particularly yfiM and yfiN, is necessary for biofilm morphology. Using transposon mutagenesis, we identified genes that are required for YfiLMN-mediated biofilm morphology, including several chaperones. Using transcriptional fusions, we found that YfiJ signaling is activated by linearmycins and other polyene metabolites. Finally, using a truncated YfiJ, we show that YfiJ requires its transmembrane domain to activate downstream signaling. Taken together, these results suggest coordinated dual antibiotic resistance and biofilm morphology by a single multifunctional ABC transporter promotes competitive fitness of B. subtilisIMPORTANCE DNA sequencing approaches have revealed hitherto unexplored diversity of bacterial species in a wide variety of environments that includes the gastrointestinal tract of animals and the rhizosphere of plants. Interactions between different species in bacterial communities have impacts on our health and industry. However, many approaches currently used to study whole bacterial communities do not resolve mechanistic details of interspecies interactions, including how bacteria sense and respond to their competitors. Using a competition model, we have uncovered dual functions for a previously uncharacterized two-component signaling system involved in specific antibiotic resistance and biofilm morphology. Insights gleaned from signaling within interspecies interaction models build a more complete understanding of gene functions important for bacterial communities and will enhance community-level analytical approaches.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive fungal infections represent an expanding threat to public health. The recent emergence of Candida auris, which is often resistant to existing antifungal agents and is associated with a high mortality rate, underscores the urgent need for novel drug development strategies. Areas covered: In this paper, we examine both challenges and opportunities associated with antifungal drug development and explore potential avenues to accelerate the development pipeline, including data sharing, surrogate endpoints, and the role of historical controls in clinical trials. Expert commentary: We review important lessons learned from the study of other rare diseases, including mitochondrial storage diseases and certain forms of cancer that may inform strategies to develop new antifungal agents while highlighting promising new compounds such as SCY-078 for the treatment of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W McCarthy
- a Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- b Weill Cornell Medical Center , Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program , New York , NY , USA
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary mold infections are caused by ubiquitous organisms found in soil, water, and decaying vegetation, including Aspergillus spp., the Mucormycetes, hyaline molds, and dematiaceous (black) molds. Areas covered: These infections are often a challenge to diagnose and even more difficult to treat. Recently, antifungal combination therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat some forms of invasive mycoses, including pulmonary mold infections. Historically, this approach has been limited due to non-uniform interpretation criteria, variations in pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic properties of antifungals used in combination, and an inability to predict clinical success based on in vitro data and animal models. However, recent advances have helped mitigate some of these challenges. Expert commentary: In this paper, we explore what is known about the antifungal combination therapy in the treatment of pulmonary mold infections and explore how it may impact clinical practice. We pay particular attention to novel combinations and the challenges associated with the development of new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew William McCarthy
- a Hospital Medicine , Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- b Transplantation-Oncology, Infectious Diseases Program , Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- c Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program , Weill Cornell Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
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21
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Holmes NA, Innocent TM, Heine D, Bassam MA, Worsley SF, Trottmann F, Patrick EH, Yu DW, Murrell JC, Schiøtt M, Wilkinson B, Boomsma JJ, Hutchings MI. Genome Analysis of Two Pseudonocardia Phylotypes Associated with Acromyrmex Leafcutter Ants Reveals Their Biosynthetic Potential. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2073. [PMID: 28082956 PMCID: PMC5183585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The attine ants of South and Central America are ancient farmers, having evolved a symbiosis with a fungal food crop >50 million years ago. The most evolutionarily derived attines are the Atta and Acromyrmex leafcutter ants, which harvest fresh leaves to feed their fungus. Acromyrmex and many other attines vertically transmit a mutualistic strain of Pseudonocardia and use antifungal compounds made by these bacteria to protect their fungal partner against co-evolved fungal pathogens of the genus Escovopsis. Pseudonocardia mutualists associated with the attines Apterostigma dentigerum and Trachymyrmex cornetzi make novel cyclic depsipeptide compounds called gerumycins, while a mutualist strain isolated from derived Acromyrmex octospinosus makes an unusual polyene antifungal called nystatin P1. The novelty of these antimicrobials suggests there is merit in exploring secondary metabolites of Pseudonocardia on a genome-wide scale. Here, we report a genomic analysis of the Pseudonocardia phylotypes Ps1 and Ps2 that are consistently associated with Acromyrmex ants collected in Gamboa, Panama. These were previously distinguished solely on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing but genome sequencing of five Ps1 and five Ps2 strains revealed that the phylotypes are distinct species and each encodes between 11 and 15 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). There are signature BGCs for Ps1 and Ps2 strains and some that are conserved in both. Ps1 strains all contain BGCs encoding nystatin P1-like antifungals, while the Ps2 strains encode novel nystatin-like molecules. Strains show variations in the arrangement of these BGCs that resemble those seen in gerumycin gene clusters. Genome analyses and invasion assays support our hypothesis that vertically transmitted Ps1 and Ps2 strains have antibacterial activity that could help shape the cuticular microbiome. Thus, our work defines the Pseudonocardia species associated with Acromyrmex ants and supports the hypothesis that Pseudonocardia species could provide a valuable source of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Holmes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA) Norwich, UK
| | - Tabitha M Innocent
- Centre for Social Evolution, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Heine
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre Norwich, UK
| | - Mahmoud Al Bassam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA) Norwich, UK
| | - Sarah F Worsley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA) Norwich, UK
| | - Felix Trottmann
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre Norwich, UK
| | - Elaine H Patrick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA) Norwich, UK
| | - Douglas W Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA)Norwich, UK; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of ZoologyKunming, China
| | - J C Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia (UEA) Norwich, UK
| | - Morten Schiøtt
- Centre for Social Evolution, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barrie Wilkinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre Norwich, UK
| | - Jacobus J Boomsma
- Centre for Social Evolution, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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Greule A, Intra B, Flemming S, Rommel MG, Panbangred W, Bechthold A. The Draft Genome Sequence of Actinokineospora bangkokensis 44EHW T Reveals the Biosynthetic Pathway of the Antifungal Thailandin Compounds with Unusual Butylmalonyl-CoA Extender Units. Molecules 2016; 21:E1607. [PMID: 27886115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of Actinokineospora bangkokensis 44EHWT, the producer of the antifungal polyene compounds, thailandins A and B. The sequence contains 7.45 Mb, 74.1% GC content and 35 putative gene clusters for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. There are three gene clusters encoding large polyketide synthases of type I. Annotation of the ORF functions and targeted gene disruption enabled us to identify the cluster for thailandin biosynthesis. We propose a plausible biosynthetic pathway for thailandin, where the unusual butylmalonyl-CoA extender unit is incorporated and results in an untypical side chain.
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Abstract
Recent investigations have yielded both profound insights into the mechanisms required by pathogenic fungi for virulence within the human host, as well as novel potential targets for antifungal therapeutics. Some of these studies have resulted in the identification of novel compounds that act against these pathways and also demonstrate potent antifungal activity. However, considerable effort is required to move from pre-clinical compound testing to true clinical trials, a necessary step toward ultimately bringing new drugs to market. The rising incidence of invasive fungal infections mandates continued efforts to identify new strategies for antifungal therapy. Moreover, these life-threatening infections often occur in our most vulnerable patient populations. In addition to finding completely novel antifungal compounds, there is also a renewed effort to redirect existing drugs for use as antifungal agents. Several recent screens have identified potent antifungal activity in compounds previously indicated for other uses in humans. Together, the combined efforts of academic investigators and the pharmaceutical industry is resulting in exciting new possibilities for the treatment of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila M Pianalto
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - J Andrew Alspaugh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Intra B, Greule A, Bechthold A, Euanorasetr J, Paululat T, Panbangred W. Thailandins A and B, New Polyene Macrolactone Compounds Isolated from Actinokineospora bangkokensis Strain 44EHW(T), Possessing Antifungal Activity against Anthracnose Fungi and Pathogenic Yeasts. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:5171-5179. [PMID: 27267862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new polyene macrolactone antibiotics, thailandins A, 1, and B, 2, were isolated from the fermentation broth of rhizosphere soil-associated Actinokineospora bangkokensis strain 44EHW(T). The new compounds from this strain were purified using semipreparative HPLC and Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration while following an antifungal activity guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques including UV, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR. These compounds demonstrated broad spectrum antifungal activity against fungi causing anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides DoA d0762, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes DoA c1060, and Colletotrichum capsici DoA c1511) as well as pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans MT 2013/1, Candida parasilopsis DKMU 434, and Cryptococcus neoformans MT 2013/2) with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 16 and 32 μg/mL. This is the first report of polyene antibiotics produced by Actinokineospora species as bioactive compounds against anthracnose fungi and pathogenic yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bungonsiri Intra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anja Greule
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jirayut Euanorasetr
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organic Chemistry II, University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Watanalai Panbangred
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Mahidol University and Osaka Collaborative Research Center on Bioscience and Biotechnology , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of antifungal agents has sharply increased in recent decades. Antifungals differ in their spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, dosing, safety-profiles and costs. Risk of developing antifungal associated hepatotoxicity is multifactorial and is influenced by pre-existing liver disease, chemical properties of the drug, patient demographics, comorbidities, drug-drug interactions, environmental and genetic factors. Antifungal related liver injury typically manifests as elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, although the clinical significance of these biochemical alterations is not always clear. Incidence rates of hepatotoxicity induced by antifungal therapy range widely, occurring most frequently in patients treated with azole antifungals for documented fungal infections. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update regarding the hepatotoxicity profiles of the modern systemic antifungals used in treatment of invasive fungal infections. Expert commentary: Understanding the likelihood and pattern of hepatotoxicity for all suspected drugs can aid the clinician in early detection of liver injury allowing for intervention and potential mitigation of liver damage. Therapeutic drug monitoring is emerging as a potential tool to assess risk for hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Tverdek
- a Department of Pharmacy Clinical Programs , The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Diamantis Kofteridis
- b Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine , University Hospital of Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- c Departments of Infectious Diseases , Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive candidiasis is responsible for ∼ 10% of nosocomial sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Over the last two decades, the antifungal armamentarium against Candida spp. has increased; however, efficacy and safety studies in this population are lacking. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the medical literature and extracted information on clinical and observational studies evaluating the use of antifungal agents in neonates with invasive candidiasis. EXPERT OPINION Efficacy and safety data for antifungals in neonates are lacking, and the majority of studies conducted to date have concentrated on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluations. Unlike other anti-infective agents, efficacy data in the setting of neonatal candidiasis cannot be extrapolated from adult studies due to differences in the pathophysiology of the disease in this population relative to older children and adults. Data for amphotericin B deoxycholate, fluconazole, and micafungin suggest that these are the current agents of choice for this disease in neonates until data for newer antifungal agents become available. For prophylaxis, data from fluconazole randomized controlled trials will be submitted to the regulatory agencies for labeling. Ultimately, the field of therapeutics for neonatal candidiasis will require multidisciplinary collaboration given the numerous challenges associated with conducting clinical trials in neonates.
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Shaw JJ, Spakowicz DJ, Dalal RS, Davis JH, Lehr NA, Dunican BF, Orellana EA, Narváez-Trujillo A, Strobel SA. Biosynthesis and genomic analysis of medium-chain hydrocarbon production by the endophytic fungal isolate Nigrograna mackinnonii E5202H. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3715-28. [PMID: 25672844 PMCID: PMC4667366 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An endophytic fungus was isolated that produces a series of volatile natural products, including terpenes and odd chain polyenes. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolate using five loci suggests that it is closely related to Nigrograna mackinnonii CBS 674.75. The main component of the polyene series was purified and identified as (3E,5E,7E)-nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene (NTE), a novel natural product. Non-oxygenated hydrocarbons of this chain length are uncommon and desirable as gasoline-surrogate biofuels. The biosynthetic pathway for NTE production was explored using metabolic labeling and gas chromatography time of flight mass spectometer (GCMS). Two-carbon incorporation (13)C acetate suggests that it is derived from a polyketide synthase (PKS) followed by decarboxylation. There are several known mechanisms for such decarboxylation, though none have been discovered in fungi. Towards identifying the PKS responsible for the production of NTE, the genome of N. mackinnonii E5202H (ATCC SD-6839) was sequenced and assembled. Of the 32 PKSs present in the genome, 17 are predicted to contain sufficient domains for the production of NTE. These results exemplify the capacity of endophytic fungi to produce novel natural products that may have many uses, such as biologically derived fuels and commodity chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Shaw
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Ellepola ANB, Joseph BK, Samaranayake LP, Bandara HMHN, Khan ZU. Impact of brief and sequential exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole in modulating adhesion traits of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:149-57. [PMID: 25388637 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Candida adherence is implicated in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), germ tube (GT) formation, and relative cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are colonization attributes of candidal pathogenicity. Candida dubliniensis (C. dubliniensis) is allied with recurrent oral candidosis, which can be treated with nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole. Due to the diluent effect of saliva and the cleansing effect of the oral musculature in the oral cavity C. dubliniensis isolates undergo brief and sequential exposure to antifungal agents during therapy. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the adhesion to BEC, GT formation, and the CSH of oral isolates of C. dubliniensis following brief and sequential exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole. METHODS After determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aforementioned drugs, 20 oral isolates of C. dubliniensis were briefly (1 h), and sequentially (10 days) exposed to subcidal concentrations of these drugs. Following drug removal, adhesion to BEC, GT formation, and CSH of these isolates were determined. RESULTS The percentage reduction of adhesion to BEC, GT formation, and CSH of the isolates following exposure to antifungal agents were as follows: nystatin: 53.55%, 33.98%, and 29.83% (P < 0.001); amphotericin B: 53.84%, 36.23%, and 28.97% (P < 0.001); ketoconazole: 37.43%, 20.51%, and 16.49% (P < 0.001); and fluconazole: 8.93% (P < 0.001), 1.6%, and 0.63% (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Brief and sequential exposure of C. dubliniensis to antifungal agents would continue to wield an antifungal effect by altering its adhesion attributes, and elucidate possible pharmacodynamics by which antifungal agents might operate in modulating candidal adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjuna N B Ellepola
- Departments of Bioclinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Bobby K Joseph
- Departments of Bioclinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | | | - H M H N Bandara
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zia U Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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