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Xie Q, Hu J. A Journey of the Development of Privileged Difluorocarbene Reagents TMSCF 2X (X = Br, F, Cl) for Organic Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:693-713. [PMID: 38354302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAs fluorine has played an increasingly important role in modulating the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic molecules, the selective introduction of fluorine atom(s) or fluorinated moieties into target molecules has become a powerful tool in the development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. In this context, the difluoromethylene (CF2) and difluoromethyl (CF2H) groups are of special interest because of their ability to serve as bioisosteres of ethereal oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) groups, respectively. Difluorocarbene is one of the most versatile reactive intermediates to incorporate CF2 and CF2H groups; however, before 2006, most of the previously known difluorocarbene reagents suffered from several drawbacks such as using ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), difficult-to-handle reagents, or harsh reaction conditions or having narrow substrate scope and/or low yields. Moreover, the reactivity of difluorocarbene generated from different precursors (reagents) was often unpredictable, since the difluorocarbene generation conditions (activation modes) of various difluorocarbene precursors are different, and these conditions may mismatch those required for subsequent difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Therefore, the development of new environmentally friendly and versatile difluorocarbene reagents, as well as the investigation of the mechanistic insights into difluorocarbene-involved reactions, has been highly desirable.In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. We have developed seven new difluorocarbene reagents, including 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetophenone (1), chlorodifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone (2), S-difluoromethyl-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulfoximine (3), difluoromethyltri(n-butyl)ammonium chloride (4), (chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Cl, 5), (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Br, 6), and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3, 7). In this journey, we realized the key factor for an ideal difluorocarbene reagent that can be used for a broad range of reactions, that is, the reagent should allow various activation modes for the generation of difluorocarbene species, such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents, which are compatible with a wide range of difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Among all known difluorocarbene reagents, silanes TMSCF2X (X = Br, F, Cl) have stood out as privileged ones, which paves a new avenue for further developing difluorocarbene chemistry. In particular, TMSCF2Br was recognized as an "all-rounder": TMSCF2Br can be applied in almost all common difluorocarbene-involved reactions, and more importantly, TMSCF2Br also enables many other novel transformations that other difluorocarbene reagents cannot achieve, thanks to its unique structure and rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions. It can be expected that with the commercial availability of TMSCF2X reagents (X = Br, F, Cl) now, the development of difluorocarbene chemistry will be accelerated in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Zhao H, Gu Y, Shen Q. [(SIPr)Ag(CF 2 H)]: A Shelf-Stable, Versatile Difluoromethylation Reagent. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300124. [PMID: 37194962 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique physical and electrophilic properties, the difluoromethyl group (-CF2 H) has been playing an irreplaceable role in the field of pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Methods that could efficiently incorporate the difluoromethyl group into the target molecules are increasing in the recent years. Developing a stable and efficient difluoromethylating reagent is thus highly attractive. In this review, we describe the development of a nucleophilic difluoromethylation reagent [(SIPr)Ag(CF2 H)], including its elemental reaction, difluoromethylation reaction with different types of electrophiles, and its application in the synthesis of a nucleophilic and an electrophilic difluoromethylthiolating reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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3
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Zhao YS, Gu YQ, Zhang DD, Ruan MF, Liu GK. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction of Carbazoles with Alkenes and S-(Difluoromethyl)sulfonium Salt: A Practical Approach to Access Difluoroalkyl-Functionalized Carbazoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37465956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A mild and elegant multicomponent protocol for construction of CF2H-containing carbazoles was accomplished by visible-light photoredox catalysis with formation of two new C-C bonds in a single step to deliver a wide variety of structurally diverse difluoroalkylated carbazoles in moderate to good yields, featuring mild reaction conditions, synthetic simplicity, broad substrates, and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mei-Feng Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Zhao YS, Huang SJ, Gu YQ, Liu GK. Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed radical aryldifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with S-(difluoromethyl)sulfonium salt. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4013-4017. [PMID: 37128753 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A facile and highly efficient visible-light photoredox-catalyzed protocol for aryldifluoromethylation of acrylamides was developed using S-(difluoromethyl)sulfonium salt as the difluoromethyl source. With this method, pharmaceutically interesting CF2H-containing oxindoles were readily accessed from N-arylacrylamides, and this method featured mild reaction conditions, a broad scope of substrates, good tolerance of functional groups, and good to excellent yields. Control experiments revealed that this protocol proceeded through a difluoromethylation/cyclization cascade process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Sheng-Jie Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuan-Qing Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Guo-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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5
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Facile Entry to Pharmaceutically Important 3-Difluoromethyl-quinoxalin-2-ones Enabled by Visible-Light-Driven Difluoromethylation of Quinoxalin-2-ones. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121552. [PMID: 36559003 PMCID: PMC9781376 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CF2H moiety has a significant potential utility in drug design and discovery, and the incorporation of CF2H into biologically active molecules represents an important and efficient strategy for seeking lead compounds and drug candidates. On the other hand, quinoxalin-2-one is of great interest to pharmaceutical chemists as a common skeleton frequently occurring in plenty of natural products and bioactive compounds. Herein, we reported a practical and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 3-CF2H-quinoxalin-2-ones. Thus, in the presence of 3 mol% of photocatalyst and S-(difluoromethyl)sulfonium salt as difluoromethyl radical sources, a wide range of quinoxalin-2-ones readily underwent a visible-light redox-catalyzed difluoromethylation reaction, to deliver structurally diverse 3-difluoromethyl-quinoxalin-2-ones. We believe that this would facilitate increasing chances and possibilities for seeking potential lead compounds and drug candidates and further boost the development of fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals.
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Feng X, Ren J, Gao X, Min Q, Zhang X. 3,3‐Difluoroallyl Sulfonium Salts: Practical and Bench‐Stable Reagents for Highly Regioselective
gem
‐Difluoroallylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210103. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Tian Feng
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jin‐Xiu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qiao‐Qiao Min
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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7
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Feng XT, Ren JX, Gao X, Min QQ, Zhang X. 3,3‐Difluoroallyl Sulfonium Salts: Practical and Bench‐Stable Reagents for Highly Regioselective gem‐Difluoroallylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Feng
- Zhengzhou University Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou CHINA
| | - Jin-Xiu Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry 345 Linling road Shanghai CHINA
| | - Xing Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry 200032 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Qiao-Qiao Min
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry 200032 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai CHINA
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8
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[1,5]-Hydride Shift Triggered N-Dealkylative Cyclization into 2-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylates via Boronate Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165270. [PMID: 36014513 PMCID: PMC9414529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simple one-pot two-step protocol for the synthesis of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate from 2-(2-(benzylamino)benzylidene)malonate under the action of BF3·Et2O was developed. It was shown that the reaction proceeds through the formation of a stable iminium intermediate containing a difluoroboryl bridge in the dicarbonyl fragment of the molecule.
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9
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Vinayagam V, Karre SK, Kasu SR, Srinath R, Naveen Babu Bathula HS, Sadhukhan SK. AlCl 3-Mediated CHF 2 Transfer and Cyclocondensation of Difluoromethoxy Functionalized o-Phenylenediamines to Access N-Substituted Benzimidazoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:6142-6147. [PMID: 35938941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report for the first time a transition-metal-free frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalyzed CHF2 group migration from an oxygen atom to the neighboring nitrogen atom, which led to the synthesis of N-substituted benzimidazoles at room temperature with excellent yields, broad functional group tolerance, and a short reaction time. The oxygen-attached difluoromethane acted as a C1 source in the synthesis of N-substituted benzimidazoles in the presence of AlCl3 by cleaving one C-O bond and two C-F bonds, resulting in formation of two new C-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothkumar Vinayagam
- Curia India Pvt. Ltd (Formerly Albany Molecular Research, Hyderabad Research Centre), MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, RR District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Satish Kumar Karre
- Curia India Pvt. Ltd (Formerly Albany Molecular Research, Hyderabad Research Centre), MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, RR District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Kasu
- Curia India Pvt. Ltd (Formerly Albany Molecular Research, Hyderabad Research Centre), MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, RR District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Ravuri Srinath
- Curia India Pvt. Ltd (Formerly Albany Molecular Research, Hyderabad Research Centre), MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, RR District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Hema Sundar Naveen Babu Bathula
- Curia India Pvt. Ltd (Formerly Albany Molecular Research, Hyderabad Research Centre), MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, RR District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Subir Kumar Sadhukhan
- Curia India Pvt. Ltd (Formerly Albany Molecular Research, Hyderabad Research Centre), MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, RR District, Hyderabad 500078, India
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10
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Xiong W, Qin WB, Zhao YS, Fu KZ, Liu GK. Direct C(sp3)−H Difluoromethylation via Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the radical-radical cross-coupling strategy for direct difluoromethylation of C(sp3)−H bond is reported. This transformation was readily accomplished under transition metal-free photoredox catalysis in the presence of 3 mol% of...
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11
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Han T, Wang KH, Yang M, Zhao P, Wang F, Wang J, Huang D, Hu Y. Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Pyrazoles by the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Difluoroacetohydrazonoyl Bromides. J Org Chem 2021; 87:498-511. [PMID: 34913680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As novel and efficient difluoromethyl building blocks, difluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides have been synthesized for the first time. The synthetic utility of this reagent for the construction of difluoromethyl organic compounds is demonstrated by their effective regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with ynones, alkynoates, and ynamides. The reactions provide a novel and efficient protocol to access difluoromethyl-substituted pyrazoles in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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12
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Qin WB, Xiong W, Zhao YS, Fu KZ, Su L, Liu GK. Difluoromethyl Radical Triggered Tandem Reaction of N-Allyl Amides to Difluoromethylated β-Amino Alcohols by Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8482-8487. [PMID: 34641687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An elegant tandem reaction process for transferring N-allyl amide into CF2H-β-amino alcohol is described. This approach proceeded smoothly under visible light irradiation in the presence of a 3 mol % Ir complex, exhibiting a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, and a variety of CF2H-β-amino alcohols were readily accessed in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. The reliable mechanistic studies revealed that sequential difluoromethyl radical addition/carbocation trap/rearrangement is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Shi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Zhong Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bogdanov VP, Dmitrieva VA, Rybalchenko AV, Yankova TS, Kosaya MP, Romanova NA, Belov NM, Borisova NE, Troyanov SI, Goryunkov AA. Para
‐C
60
(CF
2
)(CF
3
)R: a family of chiral electron accepting compounds accessible through a facile one‐pot synthesis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor P. Bogdanov
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
- Endocrinology Research Centre 12 Dm. Ul'yanova str. 117036 Moscow Russia
| | - Veronika A. Dmitrieva
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey V. Rybalchenko
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Yankova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Maria P. Kosaya
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia A. Romanova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Nikita M. Belov
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Nataliya E. Borisova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey A. Goryunkov
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 119991 Moscow Russia
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14
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Britton R, Gouverneur V, Lin JH, Meanwell M, Ni C, Pupo G, Xiao JC, Hu J. Contemporary synthetic strategies in organofluorine chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Zhao T, Hu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Fu Y. Highly Selective Difluoromethylations of β-Keto Amides with TMSCF2Br under Mild Conditions. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1507-5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWithout employing any transition metal and other additives, efficient methods for selective difluoromethylations of β-keto amides with TMSCF2Br reagent have been developed under mild conditions. This protocol allows a convenient access to various α-difluoromethyl β-keto amides with excellent yields (up to 93%) and high carbon/oxygen (C/O) regioselectivities (up to 99:1). The C/O selectivity of β-keto amides could be easily reversed and controlled by simply changing the base. This protocol can be easily scaled-up and the C-difluoromethylation product could be reduced into CF2H-containing amino alcohol derivatives. Moreover, the first enantioselective electrophilic difluoromethylation of β-keto amides has been achieved by phase-transfer catalysis.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang S, Qiu P, Fang L, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhao T. Asymmetric α-electrophilic difluoromethylation of β-keto esters by phase transfer catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4788-4795. [PMID: 33982742 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and enantioselective α-electrophilic difluoromethylation of β-keto esters has been achieved by phase-transfer catalysis. This procedure is applicable to different kinds of β-keto esters with a series of cinchona-derived C-2' aryl-substituted phase-transfer catalysts. The reaction gives the corresponding products in good enantioselectivities (up to 83% ee) and yields (up to 92%) with high C/O regioselectivities (up to 98 : 2). Moreover, the C/O selectivity of β-keto esters could be easily reversed and controlled. This asymmetric difluoromethylation provided a novel and efficient way for introducing chiral C-CF2H groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Shuaifei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Peiyong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Lizhen Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Yawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Conghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.
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17
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Selmi-Higashi E, Zhang J, Cambeiro XC, Arseniyadis S. Synthesis of α-Difluoromethyl Aryl Ketones through a Photoredox Difluoromethylation of Enol Silanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4239-4243. [PMID: 34029113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here an efficient and highly straightforward access to α-difluoromethylated ketones through a visible light-mediated difluoromethylation of readily available enol silanes. The method, which takes advantage of the polyvalence of Hu's reagent, N-tosyl-S-difluoromethyl-S-phenylsulfoximine, used here as a CHF2 radical precursor under catalytic photoredox conditions, is practical, scalable, and provides the corresponding α-CHF2 ketones in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Selmi-Higashi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jinlei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Xacobe C Cambeiro
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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18
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Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhang H, Han Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y. The Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of β‐Ketoesters with Quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Zibing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Ping Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
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19
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Zhao H, Lu C, Herbert S, Zhang W, Shen Q. Difluoromethylation of Alkyl Bromides and Iodides with TMSCF 2H. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2854-2865. [PMID: 33464896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe, for the first time, two protocols for direct difluoromethylation of unactivated alkyl bromides and iodides. Reactions of alkyl iodides with TMSCF2H were mediated by a copper catalyst using CsF as the activator, while reactions of less reactive alkyl bromides required a combination of palladium and a stoichiometric amount of CuI as the catalysts. Preliminary mechanistic studies of the synergistic Pd/Cu-catalyzed difluoromethylation of alkyl bromides suggest that it proceeds likely via a Pd(I)/Pd(III) catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Simon Herbert
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 178 Müllerstraße, Berlin 13342, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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20
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Difluoromethylation of alcohols with TMSCF2Br in water: A new insight into the generation and reactions of difluorocarbene in a two-phase system. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to trifluoromethylated 3-methyleneoxindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Qin W, Liu J, Huang Z, Li X, Xiong W, Chen J, Liu G. Bench‐Stable
S
‐(Monofluoromethyl)sulfonium Salts: Highly Efficient
C
‐ and
O
‐Regioselective Monofluoromethylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Jian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
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23
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Qin WB, Xiong W, Li X, Chen JY, Lin LT, Wong HNC, Liu GK. Visible-Light-Driven Difluoromethylation of Isocyanides with S-(Difluoromethyl)diarylsulfonium Salt: Access to a Wide Variety of Difluoromethylated Phenanthridines and Isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10479-10487. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guo-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
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24
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Zeng X, Yan W, Paeth M, Zacate SB, Hong PH, Wang Y, Yang D, Yang K, Yan T, Song C, Cao Z, Cheng MJ, Liu W. Copper-Catalyzed, Chloroamide-Directed Benzylic C–H Difluoromethylation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19941-19949. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Matthew Paeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Samson B. Zacate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Pei-Hsun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dongqi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Tao Yan
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Chang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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25
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Liu GK, Qin WB, Li X, Lin LT, Wong HNC. Difluoromethylation of Phenols and Thiophenols with the S-(Difluo-romethyl)sulfonium Salt: Reaction, Scope, and Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15948-15957. [PMID: 31645096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A facile and practical approach for the difluoromethylation of phenols and thiophenols was described. Making use of the recently developed bench-stable S-(difluoromethyl)sulfonium salt as the difluorocarbene precursor, a wide variety of diversely functionalized phenols and thiophenols were readily converted to their corresponding aryl difluoromethyl ethers in good to excellent yields in the presence of lithium hydroxide. Chemoselectivity of various O,S-nucleophiles toward difluorocarbene was systematically studied, suggesting the reactivity order ArS- > RS-, ArO- > ROH > RO-, ArSH, ArOH, RSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre , Shenzhen University , 3688 Nanhai Avenue , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Wen-Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre , Shenzhen University , 3688 Nanhai Avenue , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre , Shenzhen University , 3688 Nanhai Avenue , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre , Shenzhen University , 3688 Nanhai Avenue , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
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26
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Duchemin N, Buccafusca R, Daumas M, Ferey V, Arseniyadis S. A Unified Strategy for the Synthesis of Difluoromethyl- and Vinylfluoride-Containing Scaffolds. Org Lett 2019; 21:8205-8210. [PMID: 31566980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a general method for the synthesis of quaternary and tertiary difluoromethylated compounds and their vinylfluoride analogues. The strategy, which relies on a two-step sequence featuring a C-selective electrophilic difluoromethylation and either a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative protonation or a Krapcho decarboxylation, is practical, scalable, and high yielding. Considering the generality of the method and the attractive properties offered by the difluoromethyl group, this approach provides a valuable tool for late-stage functionalization and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Duchemin
- Queen Mary University of London , School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Buccafusca
- Queen Mary University of London , School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Marc Daumas
- Sanofi Chimie , Route d'Avignon, 30390 Aramon , France
| | - Vincent Ferey
- Sanofi R&D , 371 rue du Professeur Blayac , 34080 Montpellier , France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Queen Mary University of London , School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
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27
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Liu GK, Li X, Qin WB, Lin WF, Lin LT, Chen JY, Liu JJ. Selective O-difluoromethylation of 1,3-diones using S-(difluoromethyl) sulfonium salt. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Ding T, Jiang L, Yang J, Xu Y, Wang G, Yi W. Highly Carbon-Selective Monofluoromethylation of β-Ketoesters with Fluoromethyl Iodide. Org Lett 2019; 21:6025-6028. [PMID: 31339324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly carbon-selective monofluoromethylation of a broad range of β-ketoesters with fluoromethyl iodide under mild conditions is described. The uses of lithium tert-butoxide as the base and diglyme as the solvent made great contributions to the high C/O regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Lvqi Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Yimin Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
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29
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Liu GK, Li X, Qin WB, Peng XS, Wong HNC, Zhang L, Zhang X. Facile difluoromethylation of aliphatic alcohols with an S-(difluoro-methyl)sulfonium salt: reaction, scope and mechanistic study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7446-7449. [PMID: 31165809 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A facile and practical approach for the difluoromethylation of aliphatic alcohols with an S-(difluoromethyl)sulfonium salt was developed. A wide variety of alcohols with broad functional groups are compatible to furnish the corresponding alkyl difluoromethyl ethers in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Control experiments and DFT computational studies suggest that the difluoromethylation of alcohols mainly proceeds via a difluorocarbene pathway involving a five-membered transition state with the participation of water, whose crucial role in this reaction was also elucidated by control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Wen-Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linxing Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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30
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Zafrani Y, Sod-Moriah G, Yeffet D, Berliner A, Amir D, Marciano D, Elias S, Katalan S, Ashkenazi N, Madmon M, Gershonov E, Saphier S. CF 2H, a Functional Group-Dependent Hydrogen-Bond Donor: Is It a More or Less Lipophilic Bioisostere of OH, SH, and CH 3? J Med Chem 2019; 62:5628-5637. [PMID: 31091098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the CF2H moiety on H-bond (HB) acidity and lipophilicity of various compounds, when attached directly to an aromatic ring or to other functions like alkyls, ethers/thioethers, or electron-withdrawing groups, are discussed. It was found that the CF2H group acts as a HB donor with a strong dependence on the attached functional group ( A = 0.035-0.165). Regarding lipophilicity, the CF2H group may act as a more lipophilic bioisostere of OH but as a similar or less lipophilic bioisostere of SH and CH3, respectively, when attached to Ar or alkyl. In addition, the lipophilicity of ethers, sulfoxides, and sulfones is dramatically increased upon CH3/CF2H exchange at the α position. Interestingly, this exchange significantly affects not only the polarity and the volume of the solutes but also their HB-accepting ability, the main factors influencing log Poct. Accordingly, this study may be helpful in the rational design of drugs containing this moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Zafrani
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Gali Sod-Moriah
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Dina Yeffet
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Anat Berliner
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Dafna Amir
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Daniele Marciano
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Nissan Ashkenazi
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- The Department of Organic Chemistry , Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona 74100 , Israel
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31
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Xie Q, Zhu Z, Li L, Ni C, Hu J. A General Protocol for C−H Difluoromethylation of Carbon Acids with TMSCF
2
Br. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6405-6410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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32
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A General Protocol for C−H Difluoromethylation of Carbon Acids with TMSCF
2
Br. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Yu J, Lin JH, Cao YC, Xiao JC. Visible-light-induced radical hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced radical hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes with the phosphonium salt [Ph3P+CF2H Br−] under transition-metal-free conditions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Yu-Cai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins
- Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd
- China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200032
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