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Trauner F, Ghazali R, Rettig J, Thiele CM, Didier D. Stereoselective polar radical crossover for the functionalization of strained-ring systems. Commun Chem 2024; 7:139. [PMID: 38898159 PMCID: PMC11187220 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical-polar crossover of organoborates is a poweful tool that enables the creation of two C-C bonds simultaneously. Small ring systems have become essential motifs in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. However, step-economic methods for their selective functionalization remains scarce. Here we present a one-pot strategy that merges a simple preparation of strained organoboron species with the recently popularized polar radical crossover of borate derivatives to stereoselectively access tri-substituted azetidines, cyclobutanes and five-membered carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Trauner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Rahma Ghazali
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Rettig
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany.
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Peng F, Liu K, Zhang H, Xu F, Liu Y, Shang G. Direct Enol Ether Metalation-Negishi Coupling Strategy To Prepare α-Heteroaryl Enol Ethers. Org Lett 2023; 25:8516-8519. [PMID: 38037392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A robust direct enol ether metalation-Negishi coupling using heteroaryl halides catalyzed by the palladium-Cy-DPEPhos system is reported. This method, which was demonstrated with a broad substrate scope, is a highly complementary method to the existing Heck coupling of synthesizing challenging α-heteroaryl-α-alkoxy alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kailin Liu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd, 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Huangguang Zhang
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd, 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fuchun Xu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd, 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd, 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Gao Shang
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Ma X, Li L, Tan M, Zhong Z, Liang J, Li P, Song Q. Modular assembly of versatile tetrasubstituted alkenyl monohalides from alkynyl tetracoordinate borons. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Bojaryn K, Hirschhäuser C. Transition Metal Catalyst Free Synthesis of Olefins from Organoboron Derivatives**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104125. [PMID: 35137987 PMCID: PMC9303902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective preparation of highly substituted olefins is still a severe challenge that requires well defined elimination precursors. Organoboron chemistry is particularly suited for the preparation of molecules with adjacent stereocenters. As organo boron substrates with leaving groups in β‐position can undergo stereospecific syn‐ or anti‐elimination, this chemistry harbors great potential for the synthesis of complex olefins. In recent years three main strategies emerged, which differ in their approach to the β‐functionalized organoboron elimination precursor. (i) Stereoselective preparation of such elimination precursor can be achieved by addition of a boron‐stabilized anion (d1) to an aldehyde or ketone (a1) or diastereoselective 1,3‐rearrangement of suitable boron‐ate‐complexes. Stereospecific methods rely either on (ii) diastereospecific 1,2‐metalate rearrangement of boron‐ate‐complexes that involve opening of appropriate heterocycles or (iii) addition of chiral carbenoids (d1*) to chiral boronates (a1*) with a leaving group in α‐position.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bojaryn
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - C. Hirschhäuser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
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Didier D, Reiners F. Uncommon Four-Membered Building Blocks - Cyclobutenes, Azetines and Thietes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1144-1160. [PMID: 33734571 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strained ring systems have gained considerable importance over the last few years for their implication in natural product syntheses or in drug discovery programs. We present herein a recollection of our work on the construction and functionalization of unsaturated four-membered carbo- and heterocycles in the context of the literature, as well as their applications in further reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Didier
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Reiners
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Doan TH, Chardon A, Osi A, Mahaut D, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Champagne B, Berionni G. Methylene Bridging Effect on the Structures, Lewis Acidities and Optical Properties of Semi-planar Triarylboranes. Chemistry 2021; 27:1736-1743. [PMID: 32852852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three synthetic methods towards semi-planar triarylboranes with two aryl rings connected by a methylene bridge have been developed. The fine-tuning of their stereoelectronic properties and Lewis acidities was achieved by introducing fluorine, methyl, methoxy, n-butyl and phenyl groups either at their exocyclic or bridged aryl rings. X-ray diffraction analysis and quantum-chemical calculations provided quantitative information on the structural distortion experienced by the near planar hydro-boraanthracene skeleton during the association with Lewis bases such as NH3 and F- . Though the methylene bridge between the ortho-positions of two aryl rings of triarylboranes decreased the Gibbs free energies of complexation with small Lewis bases by less than 5 kJ mol-1 relative to the classical Lewis acid BAr3 , the steric shielding of the CH2 bridge is sufficient to avoid the formation of Lewis adducts with larger Lewis bases such as triarylphosphines. A newly synthesized spirocyclic amino-borane with a long intramolecular B-N bond that could be dissociated under thermal process, UV-irradiation, or acidic conditions might be a potential candidate in Lewis pairs catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Hong Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Osi
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
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Baumann AN, Music A, Dechent J, Müller N, Jagau TC, Didier D. Electro-Olefination-A Catalyst Free Stereoconvergent Strategy for the Functionalization of Alkenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:8382-8387. [PMID: 32203624 PMCID: PMC7383514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods carrying out C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) bond formations are typically mediated by transition-metal-based catalysts. Herein, we conceptualize a complementary avenue to access such bonds by exploiting the potential of electrochemistry in combination with organoboron chemistry. We demonstrate a transition metal catalyst-free electrocoupling between (hetero)aryls and alkenes through readily available alkenyl-tri(hetero)aryl borate salts (ATBs) in a stereoconvergent fashion. This unprecedented transformation was investigated theoretically and experimentally and led to a library of functionalized alkenes. The concept was then carried further and applied to the synthesis of the natural product pinosylvin and the derivatization of the steroidal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N. Baumann
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Arif Music
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Jonas Dechent
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Nicolas Müller
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Thomas C. Jagau
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MunichGermany
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