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Sreedharan R, Gandhi T. Masters of Mediation: MN(SiMe 3) 2 in Functionalization of C(sp 3)-H Latent Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400435. [PMID: 38497321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organoalkali compounds have undergone a far-reaching transformation being a coupling partner to a mediator in unusual organic conversions which finds its spot in the field of sustainable synthesis. Transition-metal catalysis has always been the priority in C(sp3)-H bond functionalization, however alternatively, in recent times this has been seriously challenged by earth-abundant alkali metals and their complexes arriving at new sustainable organometallic reagents. In this line, the importance of MN(SiMe3)2 (M=Li, Na, K & Cs) reagent revived in C(sp3)-H bond functionalization over recent years in organic synthesis is showcased in this minireview. MN(SiMe3)2 reagent with higher reactivity, enhanced stability, and bespoke cation-π interaction have shown eye-opening mediated processes such as C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling, radical-radical cross-coupling, aminobenzylation, annulation, aroylation, and other transformations to utilize readily available petrochemical feedstocks. This article also emphasizes the unusual reactivity of MN(SiMe3)2 reagent in unreactive and robust C-X (X=O, N, F, C) bond cleavage reactions that occurred alongside the C(sp3)-H bond functionalization. Overall, this review encourages the community to exploit the untapped potential of MN(SiMe3)2 reagent and also inspires them to take up this subject to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Sreedharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Ma R, Wang YE, Xiong D, Mao J. A Tandem Madelung Indole Synthesis Mediated by a LiN(SiMe 3) 2/CsF System. Org Lett 2023; 25:7557-7561. [PMID: 37818792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A tandem Madelung indole synthesis by the reaction of methyl benzoate and N-methyl-o-toluidine has been discovered. The combination of LiN(SiMe3)2 with CsF is the key factor, which secures the high efficiency of such tandem transformations. Simply combining methyl benzoate, N-methyl-o-toluidine LiN(SiMe3)2, and CsF generated a diverse array of N-methyl-2-phenylindoles (31 examples, 50-90% yields). Furthermore, the scalability and the poststructural modifications of this indole synthesis were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Ma
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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3
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Riuttamäki S, Bannykh A, Pihko PM. Carboxylate Catalysis: A Catalytic O-Silylative Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes and Ethyl Diazoacetate. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14396-14403. [PMID: 37768196 PMCID: PMC10594658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A mild catalytic variant of the aldol reaction between ethyl diazoacetate and aldehydes is described using a combination of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and catalytic tetramethylammonium pivalate as catalyst. The reaction proceeds rapidly at ambient temperature to afford the O-silylated aldol products in good to excellent yield, and the acetamide byproducts can be removed by simple filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petri M. Pihko
- Department of Chemistry and
NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O.B. 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
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4
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Weindl C, Helmbrecht SL, Hintermann L. Rapid C-H Transformation: Addition of Diarylmethanes to Imines in Seconds by Catalytic Use of Base. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4155-4161. [PMID: 36972371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The addition of diarylmethanes or methylarenes via activation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds to N-aryl imines proceeds under catalysis by alkali hexamethyldisilazide (HMDS) base to give N-(1,2,2-triarylethyl)anilines or N-(1,2-diarylethyl)anilines, respectively. In the presence of 10 mol % of LiHMDS at room temperature, the diarylmethane addition equilibrates within 20-30 s and is driven to near completion by cooling the reaction mixture to -25 °C, providing N-(1,2,2-triarylethyl)aniline in a >90% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weindl
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- TUM Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Sebastian L Helmbrecht
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- TUM Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Lukas Hintermann
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- TUM Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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5
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Shigeno M, Kajima A, Toyama E, Korenaga T, Yamakoshi H, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. LiHMDS-Mediated Deprotonative Coupling of Toluenes with Ketones. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203549. [PMID: 36479733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) acts as an effective base for deprotonative coupling reactions of toluenes with ketones to afford stilbenes. Various functionalities (halogen, OCF3 , amide, Me, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, SMe, and SPh) are allowed on the toluenes. Notably, this system proved successful with low-reactive toluenes bearing a large pKa value compared to that of the conjugate acid of LiHMDS (hexamethyldisilazane, 25.8, THF), as demonstrated by 4-phenyltoluene (38.57, THF) and toluene itself (∼43, DMSO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kajima
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eito Toyama
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan.,Soft-Path Science and Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Central Analytical Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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6
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Yuan Y, Gu Y, Wang YE, Zheng J, Ji J, Xiong D, Xue F, Mao J. One-Pot Rapid Access to Benzyl Silanes, Germanes, and Stannanes from Toluenes Mediated by a LiN(SiMe 3) 2/CsCl System. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13907-13918. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Ji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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7
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Shigeno M, Tohara I, Sasaki K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Combined Brønsted Base-Promoted CO 2 Fixation into Benzylic C-H Bonds of Alkylarenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4825-4830. [PMID: 35763616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interest in developing methods for direct CO2 fixation into readily available unfunctionalized C-H bonds in organic substances has recently surged. In contrast to the well-studied carboxylations of alkynyl C(sp)-H and aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds, carboxylation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds to produce 2-arylacetic acids is limited to photoirradiation reactions and continues to be a challenging issue because of the low chemical reactivity. We herein describe that a combined Brønsted base (i.e., LiO-t-Bu/CsF and LiOCEt3/CsF) achieves benzylic carboxylation of electron-deficient, -neutral, and -rich alkylarenes and enables various functionalities, including fragile ones such as bromide, alkene, alkyne, and carbonyl moieties. Dicarboxylation at the benzylic position is also established. Cs-alkoxide generated in situ acts as a reactive base, as demonstrated in experiments with independently prepared CsO-t-Bu and by 133Cs nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Itsuki Tohara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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8
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Meng XH, Xu XC, Wang Z, Liang YX, Zhao YL. NaN(SiMe3)2/CsTFA Copromoted Aminobenzylation/Cyclization of 2-Isocyanobenzaldehydes with Toluene Derivatives or Benzyl Compounds: One-Pot Access to Dihydroquinazolines and Quinazolines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3156-3166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-He Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xue-Cen Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yong-Xin Liang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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9
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Yao C, Zhang T, Gonçalves TP, Huang KW. Selective benzylic C sp3-H bond activations mediated by a phosphorus-nitrogen PN 3P-nickel complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1593-1596. [PMID: 35018914 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06507f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the typical Csp2-H activation, a PN3P-Nickel complex chemoselectively cleaved the benzylic Csp3-H bond of toluene in the presence of KHMDS, presumably via an in situ generated potassium benzyl intermediate. Under similar conditions, CO underwent deoxygenation to afford the corresponding nickel cyano complex, and ethylbenzene was dehydrogenated to give styrene and a nickel hydride compound. 2,6-Xylyl isocyanide was transformed into an unprecedented indolyl complex, likely by trapping the activated benzyl species with an isocyanide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Yao
- School of Resource, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China.,KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tonghuan Zhang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. .,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Shigeno M, Hayashi K, Korenaga T, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Organic superbase t-Bu-P4-catalyzed demethylations of methoxyarenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The organic superbase t-Bu-P4 catalyzes the demethylation reactions of methoxyarenes in the presence of alkanethiol and hexamethyldisilazane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
- Soft-Path Science and Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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11
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The Synthesis and Evaluation of Amidoximes as Cytotoxic Agents on Model Bacterial E. coli Strains. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247577. [PMID: 34947169 PMCID: PMC8708467 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biological research on newly synthesized amidoximes, Boc-protected amidoximes and Boc-derived amidines, obtained by a reduction of the parent amidoximes is reported, herein. Due to the presence of a free amino group in both amidines and amidoximes, these compounds can undergo various chemical reactions such as N-alkylation and N-acylation. One such reaction is Boc-protection, often used in organic synthesis to protect the amino and imino groups. Until now, Boc-protected amidoximes have not been tested for biological activity. Amidoxime derivatives were tested on bacterial E. coli strains. Initial cellular studies tests and digestion with Fpg after the modification of bacterial DNA, suggest that these compounds may have greater potential as antibacterial agents compared to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (ci), bleomycin (b) and cloxacillin (cl). The described compounds are highly specific for pathogenic E. coli strains on the basis of the model strains used and may be used in the future as new substitutes for commonly used antibiotics in clinical and hospital infections in the pandemic era.
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12
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Asymmetric C(sp 3)-H functionalization of unactivated alkylarenes such as toluene enabled by chiral Brønsted base catalysts. Commun Chem 2021; 4:36. [PMID: 36697525 PMCID: PMC9814754 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzylic functionalisation of unactivated alkylarenes remains as a significant challenge in asymmetric catalysis due to their less reactive nature. Here, we show development of catalytic asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization of unactivated alkylarenes such as toluene with imines. The reactions proceeded smoothly under proton-transfer conditions using a chiral, strong Brønsted base catalyst system. A chiral Brønsted base prepared from an alkylpotassium and a chiral amine ligand was found to effectively form a promising asymmetric environment around a benzyl anion. Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed that the use of the alkaline metal amide, potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS), as an additive was most effective, and enantioselective and atom economical carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions at the benzylic positions of unactivated alkylarenes was achieved without using any transition-metal catalyst.
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13
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Shigeno M, Kajima A, Nakaji K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Catalytic amide base system generated in situ for 1,3-diene formation from allylbenzenes and carbonyls. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:983-987. [PMID: 33146220 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The amide base generated in situ from tetramethylammonium fluoride and N(TMS)3 catalyzes the synthesis of 1,3-diene from an allylbenzene and carbonyl compound. The system is applicable to the transformations of a variety of allylbenzenes with functional groups (halogen, methyl, phenyl, methoxy, dimethylamino, ester, and amide moieties). Acyclic and cyclic diaryl ketones, pivalophenone, pivalaldehyde, and isobutyrophenone are used as coupling partners. The role of transβ-methyl stilbenes in product formation is also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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14
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Shigeno M, Kondo Y, Sasaki K, Hanasaka K, Tohara I, Nozawa-Kumada K. Combined Brønsted-Base-Mediated Direct C-H Carboxylation of Heteroarenes with CO2. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-sr(k)6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Shigeno M, Tohara I, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Direct C-2 Carboxylation of 3-Substituted Indoles Using a Combined Brønsted Base Consisting of LiO- t
Bu/CsF/18-crown-6. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Itsuki Tohara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
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16
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Kaur M, Van Humbeck JF. Recent trends in catalytic sp 3 C-H functionalization of heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:606-617. [PMID: 31912069 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles are a ubiquitous substructure in organic small molecules designed for use in materials and medicines. Recent work in catalysis has focused on enabling access to new heterocycle structures by sp3 C-H functionalization on alkyl side-chain substituents-especially at the heterobenzylic position-with more than two hundred manuscripts published just within the last ten years. Rather than describing in detail each of these reports, in this mini-review we attempt to highlight gaps in existing techniques. A semi-quantitative overview of ongoing work strongly suggests that several specific heterocycle types and bond formations outside of C-C, C-N, and C-O have been almost completely overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
| | - Jeffrey F Van Humbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
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17
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Luo Y, Fu Z, Fu X, Du C, Xu J. Microwave-assisted periselective annulation of triarylphosphenes with aldehydes and ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9526-9537. [PMID: 33191424 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of diazo(aryl)methyl(diaryl)phosphine oxides with aldehydes and ketones generates benzo-δ-phosphinolactones in low to good yields with 1,1-diarylalk-1-enes as byproducts under microwave irradiation. Diazo(aryl)methyl(diaryl)phosphine oxides first undergo a Wolff rearrangement to form diaryl(aryl)phosphenes, which further react with aldehydes and ketones to afford benzo-δ-phosphinolactones and β-phosphinolactones. The latter are unstable under heating and fragment into the corresponding 1,1-diarylalk-1-enes and arylphosphine dioxides under reaction conditions. The arylphosphine dioxides become arylphosphonic acids during workup. The periselectivity in the annulation shows that the reaction of diaryl(aryl)phosphenes with most aldehydes and ketones favors phosphene phenyl participation in (4 + 2) annulation over (2 + 2) annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Zhicheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xingyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Changle Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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18
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Shigeno M, Nakaji K, Kajima A, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Deprotonative Coupling of Pyridines with Aldehydes Catalyzed by an HMDS-Amide Base Generated in Situ. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1179-1182. [PMID: 31685747 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the deprotonative functionalization of pyridine derivatives with aldehydes under ambient conditions has been demonstrated using an amide base generated in situ from a catalytic amount of CsF and a stoichiometric amount of tris(trimethylsilyl)amine (N(TMS)3). Pyridine substrates bearing two electron-withdrawing substituents (i.e., fluoro, chloro, bromo, and trifluoromethyl moieties) at the 3- and 5-positions efficiently react at the 4-position with various aldehydes including arylaldehydes, pivalaldehyde, and cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Kunihito Nakaji
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Akihisa Kajima
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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19
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Nakamura K, Kurosu S, Iwakawa Y, Denneval C, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Tetramethylammonium Fluoride Tetrahydrate-Mediated Transition Metal-Free Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Unactivated Arenes in Air. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1042-1045. [PMID: 31582624 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biaryls are important compounds with widespread applications in many fields. Tetramethylammonium fluoride tetrahydrate was found to promote the biaryl coupling of aryl iodides bearing electron-withdrawing substituents with unactivated arenes. The reaction takes place at temperatures between 100 and 150°C and can be applied to a wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic rings, affording the products in moderate to high yields. The reaction does not require strong bases or expensive additives that are employed in the existing methods and can be conducted in air and moisture without any precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Satoshi Kurosu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yuki Iwakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | | | | | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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20
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Nozawa-Kumada K. C-H Functionalization by Transition-metal-catalyst or in Situ Generated Base. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1243-1251. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Liu G, Walsh PJ, Mao J. Alkaline-Metal-Catalyzed One-Pot Aminobenzylation of Aldehydes with Toluenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:8514-8518. [PMID: 31542933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel and easily accessible MN(SiMe3)2 (M = Li or Na)/Cs2CO3 co-catalyzed benzylation of in situ generated N-(trimethylsilyl) aldimines with toluene derivatives has been successfully developed. The catalyst exhibits high chemoselectivity for deprotonation of toluenes at the benzylic position. The utility of this system is exemplified by the one-pot synthesis of a diverse array of bioactive 1,2-diarylethylamines with excellent efficiency and broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P.R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P.R. China
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22
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Shigeno M, Okawa T, Imamatsu M, Nozawa‐Kumada K, Kondo Y. Catalytic Alkynylation of Polyfluoroarenes by Amide Base Generated In Situ. Chemistry 2019; 25:10294-10297. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.Tohoku University Aoba Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takuya Okawa
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.Tohoku University Aoba Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masaya Imamatsu
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.Tohoku University Aoba Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.Tohoku University Aoba Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.Tohoku University Aoba Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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23
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Shigeno M, Sasaki K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Double-Carboxylation of Two C–H Bonds in 2-Alkylheteroarenes Using LiO-t-Bu/CsF. Org Lett 2019; 21:4515-4519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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