1
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Chen L, Hu W, Lei C, Zhu T, Li C, Tang J, Cheng G, Xiao C, Yang H. Advanced tetracyclic heat-resistant energetic materials based on bis(4-nitropyrazole) bridged 1,2,4-triazole. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39011720 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of deep coal mines and petroleum resources and the expansion of the aerospace industry, the pursuit of heat-resistant energetic materials with high thermal stability and high energy has been increasing. Bis(4-nitropyrazole) was employed as an energy bridge to link 1,2,4-triazole, thereby constructing a sophisticated tetracyclic framework in this study. A tetracyclic heat-resistant explosive 5,5'-(4,4'-dinitro-2H,2'H-[3,3'-bipyrazole]-5,5'-diyl)bis(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,4-diamine) (3) and its derivatives 6-8 with excellent comprehensive performance have been successfully prepared. Particularly noteworthy is that compound 3 has a detonation velocity of 8604 m s-1, which exceeds that of the conventional heat-resistant explosive HNS with a velocity of 7164 m s-1. Furthermore, compound 3 has higher thermal stability (Td = 340 °C) than HNS (Td = 318 °C). In addition, the tetracyclic compound 3 also exhibited extraordinarily low sensitivity (IS > 40 J; FS > 360 N). These unique characteristics make it a potential candidate for novel heat-resistant and insensitive energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Caijin Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Teng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chengchuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuan Xiao
- China Northern Industries Group Co., Ltd (NORINCO GROUP), Beijing 100089, P. R. China.
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Yadav AK, Kumar N, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Synthesis of Advanced Pyrazole and N-N-Bridged Bistriazole-Based Secondary High-Energy Materials. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38018907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized 3,5-dihydrazinyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (2), 9-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,2-c:5,1-c']bis([1,2,4]triazole)-3,6-diamine (3), and N-N-bonded N,N'-{[4,4'-bi(1,2,4-triazole)]-3,3'-diyl}dinitramide (5) and its stable nitrogen-rich energetic salts in one and two steps in quantitative yields from commercially available inexpensive starting material 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (1). Along with characterization via nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and elemental analysis, the structures of 2 and 4-8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, 5-8 show excellent thermal stability (242, 221, 250, and 242 °C, respectively) compared to that of RDX (210 °C). Detonation velocities of 2, 4, 6, and 7 range from 8992 to 9069 m s-1, which are better than that of RDX (8878 m s-1) and close to that of HMX (9221 m s-1). All of these compounds are insensitive to impact (10-35 J) and friction (360 N) sensitivity. These excellent energetic performances, stabilities, and synthetic feasibilities make compounds 2, 4, 6, and 7 promising candidates as secondary explosives and potential replacements for the presently used benchmark explosives RDX and HMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Yadav
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navaneet Kumar
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Zhang C, Xu MQ, Dong WS, Lu ZJ, Zhang H, Wu XW, Li ZM, Zhang JG. Combining the advantages of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and tetrazole enables achieving high-energy insensitive materials. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12404-12409. [PMID: 37594183 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Combining the advantages of energetic heterocycles to achieve high-energy insensitive explosives is a significant challenge. Herein, based on high-energy tetrazole rings and highly stable 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings, a series of novel nitrogen rich energetic compounds 5-9 were successfully constructed. The related compounds were fully characterized by EA, FT-IR, NMR, DSC, and MS, and compounds 6-9 were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Among them, the energetic ion salts 6-8 show high thermal stability (Tdec > 250 °C) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N), as well as good energy properties (7552-8050 m s-1, 19.4-23.3 GPa). In particular, the azo compound 9 exhibits competent comprehensive performances (Tdec = 226.2 °C, D = 8502 m s-1, P = 28.9 GPa, IS = 32 J, FS = 320 N). These results suggest that the strategy of integrating tetrazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole and employing an azo structure as a bridging unit are effective approaches to construct high-energy insensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Mei-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zu-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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4
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Hu Y, Dong WS, Lu ZJ, Zhang H, Zhang JG. A multi-fused heat-resistant energetic compound constructed by hydrogen bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9864-9867. [PMID: 37491895 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The design of heat-resistant energetic compounds generally employs symmetry, planarity, and multi-hydrogen bonds to obtain compounds with high density, good thermal stability, and low sensitivity. In this paper, a heat-resistant hydrazine-bridged compound, 6,6'-(hydrazine-1,2-diyl)bis(5-nitropyrimidine-2,4-diamine) (PHP), was designed and synthesized with the strategy of multi-fused conjugated structure constructed by hydrogen bonds. The compound featured high symmetry, high planarity, and strong conjugation with good thermal stability (364 °C). This strategy provides a basis for the design of heat-resistant energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industry Group Co. Ltd, Chongqing, 402760, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zu-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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5
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Thaltiri V, V S, Thigulla Y, Panda PK. Rediscovering N‐Methyltetranitropyrrole – A Versatile High Energy Material via Facile Two‐step Eco‐friendly Synthetic Approach. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikranth Thaltiri
- University of Hyderabad Advance Centre of Research in High Energy Materials INDIA
| | - Shanmugapriya V
- University of Hyderabad School of Chemistry Advance Centre of Research in High Energy Materials INDIA
| | - Yadagiri Thigulla
- University of Hyderabad Advance Centre of Research in High Energy Materials INDIA
| | - Pradeepta K. Panda
- UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY GACHIBOWLI 500 046 HYDERABAD INDIA
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6
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Friction sensitivity of nitramine energetic materials: a prediction based on genetic function approximation. FIREPHYSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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7
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Li H, Wang Y, Wei Z, Xia L, Li Z, Zhang T. Alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal salts of di(1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)methanone (DTO): energetic catalysts for ammonium perchlorate decomposition. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six new coordination complexes were obtained and fully characterized; complexes 4 and 5 exhibit good catalytic performances on AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Zhenghe Wei
- Department of Technology, Guangxi JinJianhua Civil Explosives Co. Ltd, Baise 533001, China
| | - Lianghong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tonglai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Yang P, Yang H, Zhao Y, Tang J, Cheng G. Novel polynitro azoxypyrazole-based energetic materials with high performance. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16499-16503. [PMID: 34739014 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel polynitro azoxypyrazole-based energetic compounds 1,2-bis (4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) diazene 1-oxide (3) and 1,2-bis (1,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) diazene 1-oxide (4) were synthesized from 5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile by optimized reactions. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Compound 3 exhibits high thermal stability (239 °C), low mechanical sensitivity (IS = 22 J, FS = 240 N) and moderate detonation performance (Dv = 8272 m s-1, P = 28.1 GPa). Compound 4 shows moderate thermal stability (161 °C), decent mechanical sensitivity and higher detonation performance (Dv = 9228 m s-1, P = 38.7 GPa) compared to that of RDX. These newly developed strategies for constructing novel energetic compounds enrich the content of the ever-expanding energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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9
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Zlotin SG, Churakov AM, Egorov MP, Fershtat LL, Klenov MS, Kuchurov IV, Makhova NN, Smirnov GA, Tomilov YV, Tartakovsky VA. Advanced energetic materials: novel strategies and versatile applications. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Lai Y, Liu Y, Huang W, Zeng Z, Yang H, Tang Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrazole- and Imidazole- Derived Energetic Compounds Featuring Ortho Azido/nitro Groups. FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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11
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Facile synthesis of 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolated energetic derivatives via 4-bromopyrazole and their performances. FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Bo XX, Dong ZY, Ding YH. Arylpentazoles with surprisingly high kinetic stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5310-5313. [PMID: 33929477 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01793d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The more-than-one-century-old arylpentazoles can only be used in situ in generating the pentazole anion due to their unfavourable kinetic stability. We successfully increased the N2-leaving barrier to reach hitherto the highest value of 40.83 kcal mol-1 at the CBS-QB3 level via a newly proposed co-stabilization method, making the broader applications of arylpentazoles feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Bo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Dong
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
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13
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Theoretical study of effects of introducing varying linkages into bis-triazoles on energetic performance. J Mol Model 2021; 27:24. [PMID: 33411063 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel bis-triazole compounds was designed by combining high-energy functionalities (nitro and nitramino groups) as substituents with each triazole and incorporating of varying linkages into the bis-triazoles. Then, their heats of formation (HOFs), energetic properties, HOMO-LUMO, electrostatic potential, and impact sensitivity were studied theoretically to facilitate further developments. In general, all the designed compounds possess much higher HOFs than RDX, -CH2-CH2-, -N=N-, or -NH-NH- linkages contribute to increase the HOFs, while incorporation of the bridge group -O-CH2-CH2-O- shows negative effect on HOFs. Detonation properties of most of the designed compounds can be comparable with or even better than ones of RDX, suggesting that designing the bridged bis-triazoles-based derivatives with energy-rich substituents is an efficient method to obtain potential energetic compounds. Considering the detonation performance and impact sensitivity, -NH-(I), -N=N- (V), and -NH-NH- (VI) are favorable bridged groups between energetic moieties for designing efficient energetic materials (EMs).
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14
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Cheng Y, Chen X, Yang N, Zhang Y, Ma H, Guo Z. Sandwich-like low-sensitive nitroamine explosives stabilized by hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sandwich-like low-sensitive nitroamine explosives were developed which expand the structural category of low-sensitive energetic materials and could give references to the design of new low-sensitive energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- P. R. China
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15
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Zhang X, Zou F, Yang P, Gao C, Zhang C, Zou M, Cao X, Hu W, Zhou Q. Synthesis and Investigation of 2,4,6‐Trinitropyridin‐3‐ol and its Salts. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Fangfang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical Institution Wuhan Institute of Technology Guanggu 206, Donghu New Technology Development Zone Hubei China
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Chang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Mingxin Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Xinhua Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Wenxian Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical Institution Wuhan Institute of Technology Guanggu 206, Donghu New Technology Development Zone Hubei China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
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16
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Zhang S, Gao Z, Lan D, Jia Q, Liu N, Zhang J, Kou K. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153475. [PMID: 32751631 PMCID: PMC7435826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Zhenguo Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Di Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qian Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Jiaoqiang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Kaichang Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.Z.); (Z.G.); (D.L.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (K.K.)
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17
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Wu J, Xu J, Li W, Li H. Coplanar Fused Heterocycle‐Based Energetic Materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Ting Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010, Sichuan PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010, Sichuan PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of system engineeringChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan PR China
| | - Hong‐Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010, Sichuan PR China
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18
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Ma J, Tang Y, Cheng G, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Energetic Derivatives of 8-Nitropyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4,7-triamine: Achieving Balanced Explosives by Fusing Pyrazole with Triazine. Org Lett 2020; 22:1321-1325. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Yongxing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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Yan T, Cheng G, Yang H. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole based thermostable energetic materials: synthesis and structure–property relationship. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A combination of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and pyrazole produces a series of new compounds with satisfactory energetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingou Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
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20
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Zlotin SG, Dalinger IL, Makhova NN, Tartakovsky VA. Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses some promising areas of chemistry of nitro compounds extensively developed in recent years in Russia (particularly at the N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences) and worldwide. The most important results in the synthesis of novel energetic N-, C- and O-nitro compounds are summarized. New environmentally friendly approaches to the preparation of known compounds of this series, used as components of energetic compositions, are considered. Methods for selective transformations of various nitro compounds to valuable products of organic synthesis, primarily biologically active products and their precursors, are systematically analyzed.
The bibliography includes 446 references.
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21
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Tang Y, Ma J, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Versatile functionalization of 3,5-diamino-4-nitropyrazole for promising insensitive energetic compounds. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14490-14496. [PMID: 31528967 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Variation of functional groups offers an efficient approach for tuning properties of materials such as thermal stability, and detonation performance while improving sensitivities to mechanical stimuli. Now versatile functionalization of 3,5-diamino-4-nitropyrazole involving the introduction of a tetrazole ring, or a guanyl group, or ring expansion is described. All of the compounds were fully characterized and some of them (2, 9 and 13) were verified by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on their good thermal stabilities and high detonation performance as well as insensitive properties, they are potentially insensitive energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-2343 USA. and Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094 China
| | - Jinchao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-2343 USA. and Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094 China
| | - Gregory H Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Damon A Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-2343 USA.
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